Inani likagesi ibhethri elingadedela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokuphuma libizwa ngokuthi umthamo webhethri, ochazwa ngophawu C. Iyunithi yawo ivamise ukuvezwa ngokuthi A·h noma mA·h.
1. Amandla wetiyori (C0)
Umthamo wetiyori inani likagesi elinganikezwa ibhethri kucatshangwa ukuthi zonke izinto ezisebenzayo zibamba iqhaza-ekuphendulweni kokwakheka. Umthamo wetiyori ungabalwa ngokunembile kusetshenziswa inani lezinto ezisebenzayo ezisetshenziswe kuzibalo zokusabela kwebhethri, ngokusekelwe ekulinganeni kwekhemikhali ye-electrochemical yezinto ezisebenzayo ezibalwe ngokomthetho kaFaraday.
Umthetho kaFaraday uthi lapho amandla kagesi edlula kusixazululo se-electrolyte, inani lezinto ezibhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali kuma-electrode lilingana ngokuqondile nenani likagesi elidlulayo. Ngokwezibalo, lokhu kungavezwa ngokuthi...
Umthetho kaFaraday uthi lapho amandla kagesi edlula kusixazululo se-electrolyte, inani lezinto ezibhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali ku-electrode lilingana ngokuqondile nenani likagesi elidlulayo. Ngokwezibalo, lokhu kuvezwa kanje:
Lapho u-Q inani likagesi elidlula ku-electrode reaction (A·h);
m yisisindo sento esebenzayo esabelayo (g);
I-M yi-molar mass yento esebenzayo (g/mol);
U-F uyi-Faraday engaguquki, cishe u-96500 C/mol noma u-26.8 A·h/mol.
I-equation (2-6) ingaqondwa futhi njengenani likagesi Q elikhishwe ngemva kokusabela okuphelele kwento esebenzayo ye-mass m. Inani likagesi Q liwumthamo wethiyori (C₀) wento esebenzayo ku-electrode, emele inani likagesi elikhishwe lapho into esebenzayo ye-mass m ibamba iqhaza ngokugcwele ekuphenduleni.
Ngakho-ke, i-equation (2-6) nayo ingabhalwa ngokuthi:
Kufomula, u-K umele okulingana kwe-electrochemical okokusebenza okusebenzayo, K=M / 26.8 [g/(A·h)], okusho isisindo sento esebenzayo edingekayo ukuze uthole u-1 A·h wenkokhiso. Ifomula (2-7) ifomula yokubala umthamo wethiyori wezinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode. Ukulingana kwe-electrochemical kwezinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode ezivame ukusetshenziswa kuboniswa kuThebula 2-2. Ukulingana kwe-electrochemical kungasetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa umthamo othize wezinto ze-electrode.
Ithebula 2-2 I-Electrochemical Equivalents Lezinto Ezisetshenziswa Kakhulu I-Electrode Active
| Into Esebenzayo | I-Molar Mass/(g/mol) | Inombolo Yama-electron Akhiqizwe Ngokusabela (n) | Electrochemical Equivalent [g/(A·h)] |
|---|---|---|---|
| H₂ | 2.0 | 2 | 0.037 |
| Li | 6.94 | 1 | 0.259 |
| Zn | 65.4 | 2 | 1.220 |
| Cd | 112.4 | 2 | 2.220 |
| Pb | 207.2 | 2 | 3.737 |
| MnO₂ | 85.0 | 1 | 3.167 |
| I-Ni(OH)₂ | 92.7 | 1 | 3.456 |
| I-PbO₂ | 239.2 | 2 | 4.463 |
2. Amandla alinganiselwe (C₀)
Umthamo olinganiselwe ubuncane bomthamo ibhethri okufanele liwukhiphe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokuphuma (ezifana nezinga lokushisa, izinga lokuphuma, kanye nogesi wokunqamula) njengoba kubekwe izindinganiso zikazwelonke noma ezifanele zomnyango.
3. Amandla Angempela (C)
Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa okuguquguqukayo kwamanje
Kufomula, I--imele umsinga wokukhipha, umsebenzi wesikhathi sokukhipha t;
I-T--imele isikhathi kusukela ekukhishweni kuya ku-voltage yokuqeda.
Ngenxa yokumelana kwangaphakathi nezinye izici, izinto ezisebenzayo azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele; okusho ukuthi, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo lihlala lingaphansi kuka-1. Ngakho-ke, umthamo wangempela kanye nomthamo olinganiselwe womthombo wamandla wamakhemikhali uhlale uphansi kunomthamo wethiyori. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo lichazwa ngokuthi...
Lapho u-m eyisisindo sento esebenzayo;
I-m₁ yinqwaba yezinto ezisebenzayo ezisetshenziswayo lapho umthamo wangempela ukhishwa.
Umthamo wangempela webhethri uhlobene eduze namandla okuphuma. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa okuphezulu{{1}kwamanje, ukuhlukaniswa kwama-electrode kuyenyuka, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuyenyuka, i-voltage yokukhipha yehla ngokushesha, futhi ukonga kwamandla ebhethri kuyehla, okuholela ekukhululweni komthamo wangempela ophansi. Ngokuphambene, ngaphansi-izimo zokukhipha isilinganiso esiphansi, i-voltage yokukhipha yehla kancane, futhi umthamo wangempela okhishwa ibhethri uvame ukuba phezulu kunomthamo olinganiselwe.
4. Ikhono Elisele
Umthamo osele ubhekisela kumthamo osebenzisekayo osele ngemva kokuba ibhethri selikhishwe ngezinga elithile lokuphuma. Isilinganiso nokubalwa komthamo osele kuthintwa izici ezifana nenani lokuphuma kanye nesikhathi sokuphuma ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa ibhethri kokuqala, kanye nezinga lokuguga kwebhethri nendawo yohlelo lokusebenza, okwenza ukulinganisa okunembile kube nzima.
5. n-Inani Lesilinganiso Sehora
n-umthamo wesilinganiso sehora ubhekisela enanini likagesi okhishwa ibhethri elishajwe ngokugcwele lapho ushajwa -ngesilinganiso samahora okukhipha amandla kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa khona ugesi wokunqamula oshiwo.
6. Amandla Asebenzisekayo
Umthamo osebenzisekayo ubhekisela enanini likagesi okhishwe ebhethrini eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
