Ireferensi yamandla enhloso yemboni - 24V ukuya ku-80V ukulungiselelwa.
Iminyaka eyisithupha yokucacisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo ze-LFP zezimboni kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokusabalalisa nokubanda-izokufundisa into eyodwa mayelana namashadi kagesi okungekho datha yedatha eshiwoyo: inombolo ekubonisweni kwe-BMS ngesikhathi sokushintsha okusebenzayo iqhutshwa okungenani ngokuhlukahluka okune ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ishadi lilandisa ngoziro wawo. Ngibuke izinqumo zokuthenga zenziwa ngezinombolo zeshidi-ezihlanzekile ezibe sezihlukana phakathi phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Yilokho lo mhlahlandlela empeleni umayelana - nethebula elingezansi liyindawo yokuqala, hhayi impendulo.
I-Voltage Reference: I-Industrial Configurations
Amashadi ajwayelekile e-LFP aku-inthanethi akhelwe abasebenzisi belanga abahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala ekulungiselelweni kwe-4S noma kwe-8S. Inembile kulabo, ayilungile kumpahla ye-warehouse. Izibalo ezingezansi zibonisa ukulungiselelwa kwangempela kwamandla enhloso yezimboni.
| Uhlelo | Lungiselela | Ngokuzisholo | Ukunqanyulwa kwezindleko (CV) | I-Discharge Cutoff | Inkundla ejwayelekile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24V | 8S | 25.6V | 29.2V | 20.0V | Iziphakeli ze-AGV, izihambisi zephalethi ezikhanyayo |
| 36V | 12S | 38.4V | 43.8V | 30.0V | Izitaki ze-Walkie,{0}}izikhethi zezinga eliphansi |
| 48V | 16S | 51.2V | 58.4V | 40.0V | Amaloli e-counterbalance ekilasi I/II |
| 80V | 25S | 80.0V | 91.25V | 62.5V | Abagibeli abasindayo-abaphansi,{1}}amapulatifomu aphezulu |
Iseli eyodwa: 3.20V igama / 3.65V usilingi weshaja / 2.50V ngokuphelele phansi.
Kukhona isicupho esingu-48V okufanele wazi ngaphambi kokuthi ukuthengwa kwempahla kuvalwe. Amanye amashaja e-asidi aholayo{2}nezilawuli zemoto afakwe efekthri{3}}alinganiselwe kumaphekhi angu-15S, ashaja afinyelele ku-54.75V agcwele kunosilingi ojwayelekile we-16S ongu-58.4V. Faka iphekhi ye-16S kuleyo sistimu futhi ayifinyeleli ekushajweni okugcwele kweqiniso. Uphawu lubukeka njengokukhubazeka komthamo. Sibone izikhungo zichitha amasonto zijaha inkinga yamaseli empeleni ebiwukungafani kokulinganisa. Uhlu lokuhlola lokugunyazwa kwe-Polinovel lusebenzisa isilawuli{13}}ishaja{14}}ukuqinisekiswa kokuhambisana kwe-voltage yokupakisha kukho konke ukufakwa ngenxa yalesi sizathu - wuhlobo lwento oluvela ngemva kwe-PO, hhayi ngaphambili.
Kungani Ukufunda I-Voltage Ngesikhathi Sokushintsha Okubukhoma Kuyinganekwane
Ijika lokukhishwa kwe-LFP licishe liyisicaba phakathi kuka-20% no-80% we-SOC. Kusistimu ye-48V, lonke uhla lokusebenza olukhiqizayo lweshifti - ingxenye ebaluleke ngempela ekusebenzeni - idlula cishe ku-52V ukuya ku-54V. Ama-volts amabili ku-60% womthamo otholakalayo. I-voltage{11}esekelwe ku-SOC algorithm esebenza kuleyo bhendi ayikali lutho; ixhuma ngomsindo, futhi ikhemistri ayiniki lutho ukuthi ibambelele kukho. (diysolarforum.com)
Ukuthola i-voltage yokuphumula ehlanzekile ebonisa imephu ngokunembile ku-SOC kudinga ukuthi iphekhi lihlale lingenzi lutho imizuzu engama-30 ukuya emahoreni angu-4 ngaphandle komthwalo futhi lingakhokhisi okwamanje. Kumsebenzi wokushintsha{3}}okukabili ngeithuba lokushajayakhelwe kumashejuli wekhefu, lelo windi alikho. I-BMS ifunda inhlanganisela yanoma iyiphi i-voltage encipha umcimbi wokugcina wokulayisha oshiywe ngemuva, ishaja yendawo eyinsalela ukusuka phezulu{1}}phezulu, kanye nemiphumela yokumelana yangaphakathi ekhukhuleka phezulu njengoba amaseli eguga. Beka lezo ndawonye futhi isibonisi se-SOC sithwala iphutha le-±15–20% lesistimu lapho i-voltage yenza ukubala. Sibone imibukiso ifunda u-45% emaphaketheni abehleli ku-28%. Kubonwe u-60% ngaphambi kokuthi{10}}kucushwe i-voltage ephansi.
I-BMS yezimboni ye-Polinovel isebenzisa i-precision shunt{{0}ngokusekelweukubala kwe-coulombnjengendlela eyinhloko ye-SOC. I-shunt ikala i-ampere{1}}yesibili ye-ampere futhi i-algorithm igcina ibhalansi yamandla esebenzayo elungiselwe izinga lokushisa nokuguga. Ukunemba kwenkundla kuhlala ku-±3–5%, okufana nalokho idatha yethu yokukhipha ekubonisayo kuwo wonke amasistimu asetshenzisiwe. I-Voltage isalogiwe - isetshenziselwa{7}}ukutholwa kweleveli yamaphutha kanye nokuhlonza ukungalingani. Ayethenjwa nje ekulinganisweni kombuso, ngoba i-physics ye-LFP chemistry ayisekeli ngesikhathi sokusebenza okusebenzayo.
Ikesi le-80V lenza i-arithmetic igqame. Amaseli{2}angamashumi amabili nanhlanu ochungechungeni. Ukungaqiniseki kokulinganisa okungu-0.1V- ngakunye kweseli kunqwabelana kuye ku-2.5V kuleveli yephekhi. Lokho kwanele ukuhlanekezela i-SOC ngamaphesenti angu-15–20 kuye ngendawo yejika. Ngokusebenza: iloli elibonisa u-40% esibonisini esivala phakathi{12}}ne-lifti ngoba inkokhiso yangempela iku-22%.
Isitoreji Esibandayo: Izinkinga Ezimbili, Futhi Abathengisi Bakutshela Ngeyodwa Kuphela
Izingxoxo eziningi zokuthengisa mayelanaI-LFP-ebandayoqaphela inkinga ebonakalayo: ngaphansi kuka-0℃, ukumelana neseli kwangaphakathi kwenyusa ngokwanele kangangokuthi i-voltage yehla ngaphansi kwezehlakalo zokuphakamisa okusindayo kubangela ukuvikeleka okuphansi-kagesi kuyilapho ukushajwa okunengqondo kusala kuphakethe.
Ama-opharetha acabanga ukuthi ibhethri lehlulekile. Kungumphumela wokushisa, kuba kubi kakhulu ngoFebhuwari, futhi kuyacasula. Iyalawuleka, futhi ibhalwe ezintweni eziningi zabahlinzeki uma ubuza.
Inkinga yesibili ukuthi yini engatholi amavolontiya, futhi kubi kakhulu.
Shaja iseli ye-LFP ngaphansi kokuqhwa kanye nama-ion e-lithium okufanele ahlangane abe yi-graphite anode esikhundleni sepuleti phezulu njenge-metallic lithium. I-lithium ehlanganisiwe ayihlanganisi ekukhishweni. Iqoqa, ijikeleze ngemva komjikelezo, inciphisa unomphela umthamo osebenzayo. Ingxenye eyenza ibe nobuthi bezentengiselwano: kukhevu yokufiphala komthamo, ayihlukaniseki kahle nokuguga kwekhalenda okuvamile. I-Hit cycle 1,800 enomthamo ongu-70% ephaketheni eligunyazwe ukugcinwa okungu-80% ngomjikelezo ongu-3,500, futhi alikho iqembu elinedatha ehlukanisa ngokucacile "okukhokhiswa okungu--5℃izikhathi ezingamashumi amane ngoJanuwari odlule" kusukela "ekonakaleni okuvamile." Lezo zingxoxo zesiqinisekiso azixazululi ngokuhlanzekile, futhi opharetha ubamba umthelela wokusebenza ngenkathi impikiswano iqhubeka.
I-Polinovel's cold-chain BMS ivimba ukuqaliswa kweshaji kumjikelezo wehadiwe kuze kube yilapho amaseli esula ngo-5 degree. Ukungalungiselelwa kahle kwe-firmware noma isibuyekezo asikwazi ukukubhala ngaphezulu - ukuvala ngaphandle kuhlala ngaphansi kwesendlalelo sesofthiwe. Isekhethi yokushisisa isebenza ngamandla okufaka ishaja, akukho ukubandakanyeka komsebenzisi okudingekayo. Ezindaweni ezisebenza ngaphansi -10℃ambient, silinganisa ukuphathwa okushisayo endaweni ebanda kakhulu esakhiweni. Ukucacisa izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo egcina impahla kukhiqiza isistimu esebenza esitezi esikhulu bese kwehlisa izinga emhubheni wesiqandisi, okuyiphutha lesicaciso elibonakala njengesikhalazo somkhiqizo ezinyangeni eziyi-14 ngemuva kokusebenza.
Uma imininingwane yebhethri yakho yamanje ibibhalwe ngaphandle kwengxoxo enciphisa izinga lokushisa ebangeni lakho langempela lendawo, phushela kulokho ngaphambi kokuthi kusayinwe noma yini.
Isilingi Seshaja: Isilungiselelo Akekho Ohlolayo Ngemva Kokufakwa
Umbuzo osheshayo kunoma ubani osebenzisa umkhumbi we-lithium ozuzwe njengefa: i-BMS yakho ilungiselelwe ukuba ibe muphi uphahla lwe-voltage?
Abantu abaningi abakwazi ukuphendula lokho. Unjiniyela ogunyazayo wayisetha, waqhubekela phambili, futhi isistimu ibisebenza kunoma yikuphi lokho okuzenzakalelayo. Kubalulekile ngoba usilingi lweshaja lunquma ukuthi ingabe iphekhi isebenzisa imijikelezo engu-3,500 noma isondele ku-7,500 ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezifanayo - futhi akubizi lutho ukushintsha uma wazi ukuthi kufanele ibe yini.
Ukuwohloka kwe-electrode ye-LFP kugxila phezulu kwejika lokushaja. Wonke umjikelezo wokuya kusilingi ogcwele we-3.65V/cell uqhuba ingcindezi enkulu ye-lithiation ngokusebenzisa i-anode. Donsela lolo silingi uye ku-3.45V/cell futhi lokho kucindezeleka okuphezulu kuyanyamalala kuwo wonke umjikelezo owodwa wempilo yonke yephakethe. I-tradeoff ilinganiselwa ku-15% womthamo olinganiselwe ngomcimbi ngamunye wenkokhiso - kodwa emisebenzini eqhuba ukushaja kwamathuba phakathi nezikhathi zekhefu, leyo 15% imuncwa kakhulu imvamisa yokushaja okuphezulu. Abashayeli ababoni. Ikhalenda liyakwenza.
Ukusebenza{0}}okukodwa okushaja ngobusuku kufanele kusebenze ku-3.65V. Isikhathi sokubuyisela sikhona, imvamisa yomjikelezo iphansi, futhi umehluko wokuwohloka awuvali phakathi kwezikhathi ezijwayelekile zokushintshwa kwemishini. Imisebenzi ekabili-emijikelezweni engu-1.5 ngosuku isemngceleni wesinqumo: 3.50V inweba impilo yekhalenda ngo-40–60% ngaphezu{9}}okukhokhiswayo kwamabhayisikili, futhi emikhunjini esetshenzisiwe silungiselele ngale ndlela ukuncishiswa{10}}komthamo womjikelezo ngamunye akuvezanga izikhalazo zomqhubi. Ukusebenza{12}}okubandayo kanye nokusebenza okubalulekile okungu-24/7 kucaciswa ku-3.45V kusukela ekuqaleni, ngokunciphisa ngo-15% okwakhelwe ekulinganisweni kwephakethe kunokuba kutholwe ngokusebenza ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Konke ukufakwa kwe-Polinovel kuthunyelwa ngerekhodi lokucushwa le-BMS elibhaliwe elihlanganiswe nenombolo ye-serial yefa - usilingi weshaja, i-balance trigger, i-low-voltage cutoff, ukuvala izinga lokushisa, izilungiselelo ze-CAN. Uma umphathi wemikhumbi ezuza isistimu eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ukucushwa kuba kwirekhodi futhi kuyahloleka. Imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu kunokuzwakala lapho amaphethini e-shift eshintsha futhi othile udinga ukwazi ukuthi izilungiselelo zangempela zisalingana yini nomsebenzi.
Ukucaciswa Kwekhono: Igebe Phakathi Kwedatha Yedatha Nokulethwa
Umthamo olinganiselwe kumininingwane yedatha ye-LFP ukalwa ku-25℃ambient, ukukhishwa okungu-0.5C, kuya ku-2.5V{3}}iseli ngalinye elinqanyuliwe. Indawo yakho isebenza ngezinga lokushisa elihlukile, amaloli akho adonsa kanzima kuno-0.5C ngaphansi komthwalo ogcwele wokuphakamisa, futhi i-BMS yakho inqamula ngaphezu kuka-2.5V ukuvikela amaseli. Ayikho yaleyo mibandela efana nesilinganiso.
Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kulapho kuvela khona izikhala ezinkulu ekuthengeni{0}}okubandayo. Izibalo eziqinile ezivela ekufanisweni kwebhethri lokukhiqiza kulo lonke ibanga lokusebenza: 1–2% ukulahleka komthamo ngedigri ngayinye engaphezu kuka-25℃, 2–4% ngedigri engaphansi kuka-25℃, nesiphetho esiphansi salobo bubanzi sikhuphuka ngesivinini esingaphansi -ku-10℃. Iphakethe elingu-600Ah elilethwa -endaweni yesiqandisi engu-15℃ekulayisheni okuphezulu liletha eduze kuka-420–460Ah. Ukucacisa umthamo we-nameplate ngaphandle kokusebenzisa leso sibalo kuwumthombo ongashintshi wezikhalazo zokusebenza konyaka wokuqala esiwubona ekushintsheni kwemikhumbi ebandayo.
Ku-pack architecture - yilapho i-shift eyodwa-ye-shift ibhekene nekabili-i-shift ibhekene nokuthathu-i-shift imisebenzi yehluka ngokunenjongo. Iphekhi{{5}elilodwa--iloli ngalinye lisebenza kahle ekusebenzeni okukodwa nokujwayelekile okukabili-kushifu. Igumbi lebhethri liyanyamalala, ukushajwa kwamathuba kugcina iphakethe ligcwele ngesikhathi sekhefu, izidingo zokunakekelwa ziyehla kakhulu. Emisebenzini emithathu-enamafasitela okuphuka angaphansi kwamaminithi angu-45, ukulungiselelwa kwephekhi eyodwa{13} kuvame ukufinyelela izithiyo zokuphuma enyangeni engu-18. Iphekhi ngeke nje ikwazi ukubuyisela umthamo owanele ngesikhathi sekhefu ukuze iqhubeke{16}}nokusebenza kweshifti yesithathu ngokucaciswa, futhi okuphumayo kuqala ukuguguleka ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani ahlukanise imbangela. Leso simo sidinga amaphekhi amaphakathi{18}}aphakathi nendawo anengqalasizinda eshisayo-yokushintshaniswa, futhi imodeli ye-TCO idinga ukulandisa ngokushintshana kwezinto zokusebenza kanye nokunyathelisa kwezinyawo ngokumelene nenye yephakethe elilodwa elikhulu elinezimfuneko zokushaja ende.
Ithimba lesicelo le-Polinovel lisebenza ngeshejuli yeshifu, isikhathi sokuphumula, iwindi lokushaja, kanye nebanga lokushisa lesikhungo ngaphambi kokuphothula noma yisiphi isincomo sokumisa. Impendulo ihlale icacile uma lokho kufakiwe kuphezu kwetafula. Noma ubani ocaphuna izinombolo zomthamo ngaphandle kokubuza ngamaphethini okusebenza kuqala usebenza ngesithombe esingaphelele senkinga.
Isamba Sezindleko Zobunikazi: Ukuqalisa Izinombolo
Ireferensi yesimo: 10-iloliukulinganisaizimoto,-umsebenzi wokushintsha okabili, izinsuku zokusebenza ezingama-250 ngonyaka. Amandla angu-$0.12/kWh, umsebenzi wokulungisa ngo-$28/ihora, isikhathi sokuphumula kubiza u-$75/ihora iloli ngalinye ekukhetheni-kanye{7}}kanye nomthelela wokukhipha iphakethe. Lokhu ukuqagela kwereferensi - isiphetho senkomba esiphethe kuzo zonke izakhiwo zezindleko zezimboni zase-US, izinombolo eziphelele zishintsha ngokusekelwe kumazinga wamandla endawo nezindleko zabasebenzi.
| Isigaba Sezindleko | Umthofu-I-Acid (Iminyaka emi-5) | I-Polinovel LiFePO4 (iminyaka emi-5) | Umehluko |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukutholwa kwebhethri + ukuzungezisa okusele | $28,000–$34,000 | $48,000–$56,000 | –$20,000 |
| Ukunisela, ukulinganisa, umsebenzi wokunakekela | $38,000–$46,000 | ~$0 | +$42,000 |
| Amandla okushaja (umehluko wokusebenza kahle) | $17,500 | $10,200 | +$7,300 |
| Ibhethri-ihlobene nesikhathi sokuphumula esingahleliwe | $24,000–$32,000 | ~$2,400 | +$26,600 |
| Igumbi lebhethri + indawo yokufaka umoya | $11,000–$14,000 | $0 | +$12,500 |
| Ukuphela-kokulahlwa{1}kokuphila | $7,500 | $1,800 | +$5,700 |
| Isamba Seminyaka engu-5 | $126,000–$144,000 | $62,400–$70,400 | +$63,000–$74,000 |
Umehluko osebenzayo: 87% uhambo lokubuya{1}} lwe-LFP vs. 72%i-acid egcwele-yomthofu. Izindleko zesikhathi sokuphumula ze-LFP zibonisa izehlakalo zephutha ze-BMS kanye nokwenza{1}}ukulungiswa okuhlobene onyakeni wokuqala; i-lead{{2}ikhava isibalo se-asidi esihleliwe nesikhathi sokushintshwa esingahleliwe phakathi neminyaka emihlanu.
Into yomugqa wegumbi lebhethri ihlala imangaza abantu abangakayimodeli ngokusobala. Ukusebenza kweloli elingu-10-okuholayo{5}}kuhlanganisa amafidi-skwele angu-400–600 endaweni engenisa umoya, i-asidi{6}iqukethe indawo yokulungisa - izindawo zokushaja, izindawo zokuchelela, ukuwasha amehlo, okokuvimbela. Ukushaja kwamathuba e-lithium kubeka isiteshi sokushaja esihlangene ekugcineni kwendlela ngayinye noma indawo yedokhu futhi kubuyisele yonke leyo vidiyo. Ku-$18–$25 ngonyawo-skwele ngalunye ezindlekweni zokuhlala ngonyaka endaweni yokusabalalisa yesigaba esimaphakathi, lokho kungu-$7,200–$15,000 ngonyaka esikhaleni esibuyela ekusetshenzisweni okukhiqizayo. Emisebenzini yokugcwalisa yasemadolobheni lapho izithombe eziyisikwele ziwumthwalo onzima ekwandiseni umthamo, lesi sibalo sivamise ukuhamba ngokushesha kunokuqhathanisa kwamandla.
Inkokhelo ye-premium yokutholwa ngaphansi kokuqagela{0}}okubili koshintsho: izinyanga eziyi-12 kuye kweziyi-16. Ngemuva kwalelo phuzu, ukonga okusebenzayo kunqwabelana ngaphandle kwemicimbi yemali enkulu kuze kufinyelelwe impilo yomjikelezo. Ekucushweni kosilingi kwe-Polinovel ye-3.50V yemisebenzi ekabili-yeshift, umgomo wempilo yomjikelezo ngu-5,500+ imijikelezo ku-80% DoD - cishe iminyaka engu-7 kuya kwengu-9 emijikelezweni engu-1.5 ngosuku.
Esikushicilelayo, nokuthi Kungani Kuhlukile Kwizinga Lokuthengisa
Izimangalo zokuphila komjikelezo kulo mkhakha cishe aziqiniseki nhlobo njengoba kushiwo ngoba izimo zokuhlola azifakwanga. Ukuhlolwa kokukhishwa okungu-0.2C okungu-25℃kukhiqiza izinombolo eziphakeme kakhulu futhi akubonisi lutho mayelana nokuthi iloli elilinganisiwe lisebenza kanjani ngaphansi-kwamathani angu-3. I-Polinovel ishicilela impilo yomjikelezo ku-80% DoD ngebanga le-C-rate elilinganiselwe ukuze lilinganisele futhi lifinyelele amaphrofayela omsebenzi wamaloli. Uma ikhasimende lisicela ukuthi sicacise izimo zokuhlola ezingemuva kwesibalo sethu sesihloko, singakwenza lokho ngamadokhumenti asekelayo. Leyo yibhentshimark okufanele isetshenziswe kunoma yiluphi uhlu olufushane lomthengisi.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla ochungechungeni lwezimboni lwe-Polinovel lwe-48V kuthwala isiqinisekiso sokuzibophezela esingu-80% ekupheleni kwempilo yomjikelezo oshiwo ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezibhaliwe. Kulo mkhakha, izibalo eziningi zokugcina umthamo ziyizilinganiso zokusebenza ezingenakho ukusekelwa kwenkontileka. Idokhumenti yesiqinisekiso ifundeka imizuzu eyi-10 ekutshela ukuthi iyiphi inhlangano ebamba ubungozi bokusebenza lapho iphekhi ifinyelela umjikelezo ongu-2,000.
Ukuxhumana kwebhasi le-CAN noCurtis, Zapi, kanye nezilawuli zezimoto ze-Toyota SAS kungokwemvelo kuzakhiwo zethu ze-BMS. I-SOC enembile kukhonsoli yomsebenzisi, ukubika amaphutha okuhlanganisiwe, ukukhawulela umthwalo olungisekayo njengoba iphekhi lisondela ekuncipheni. Ukuhambisana kwephrothokholi yenkundla ethile yamaloli kuqinisekiswa ithimba lethu lesicelo ngaphambi kokuthi kufakwe i-oda lokuthenga. Izitifiketi zihlanganisa i-UL, CE, kanye ne-UN38.3 kwezokuthutha; iphakethe lemibhalo elakhelwe umshuwalense kanye nokubuyekezwa kokuthotshelwa kwezinsiza lijwayelekile.
Ishidi eligcwele lokucaciswa kwe-BMS linezinhlaka eziyi-17. Okune kwakho akuveli kumininingwane yedatha yemboni. Lezo ezine kulapho ukusebenza kwesistimu esetshenzisiwe kwehluka khona ngokusobala{3}}ezithembisweni zeshidi kumaki wezinyanga eziyi-18-. Ziyatholakala phakathi nesigaba sokuhlola - uma umatasatasa wokuthenga, lelo yiphuzu elilungile lokuzicela.
I-Polinovel ikhiqiza izinhlelo zebhethri zezimboni ze-LiFePO4 ukusuka ku-24V ukuya ku-80V zamapulatifomu e-forklift, i-AGV, kanye ne-warehouse automation. Sithumelele isakhiwo sakho seshifu, izinga lokushisa kwesikhungo, kanye nenkundla yamaloli - ithimba lethu lesicelo libuyisela isayithi-izincomo zokucushwa okukhethekile kanye nemodeli ye-TCO phakathi nezinsuku ezinhlanu zebhizinisi.
