Kunjani Ukusebenza Kwamabhethri Amandla E-Lithium-ion?
Ngenyanga edlule sibe nekhasimende elibuyise inqwaba yamaseli athi "ukusebenza kabi." Ngenkathi ithimba lethu lokuhlola liqhuba ukuxilongwa, amaseli ayehamba kahle-inkinga yayiwukuthi isistimu yawo yayiphuma ku-2C ngokuqhubekayo endaweni ye-ambient engu-40 degree, bese iqhathanisa imiphumela nezinombolo zedatha yedatha elinganiselwa ku-0.5C no-25℃. Lolu hlobo lokungafani lwenzeka kaningi kunalokho imboni ethanda ukukuvuma, futhi lukhomba udaba olubalulekile: ukusebenza kwebhethri ye-lithium{7}}yokungeyona inombolo eyodwa. Indawo yokuphendula eshintshayo nezinga lokushisa, iphrofayela yokulayisha, isimo sokushaja, nobudala.
I-CC-iphrothokholi yokushaja i-CV-ehlala ikhona ukuya kumkhawulo we-voltage, bese kuba i-voltage engashintshi kuze kube yilapho ama-tapers amanje{2}}iwumkhuba ojwayelekile, kodwa okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni yingxenye yamanje-yamanje. Yilapho othola khona iningi lamandla akho ngokushesha. Senze izivivinyo zokuqhathanisa kumaseli angu-242 Ah NCM ngamanani ahlukene wokushaja: ukusuka ku-0.1C ukuya ku-0.5C kunciphise isikhathi sesigaba se-CC cishe ngo-80%. I-tradeoff ingukulahlekelwa kwe-I²R, okukala ngokuphindwe kabili kwesikwele samanje. Kumsebenzisi wendiza odinga izimoto ezibuyela emgwaqeni, lokho kushaywa kahle kuyamukeleka. Ngohlelo lwesitoreji segridi ethuthukisa{13}}uhambo lokuya nokubuya kuze kufike kudesimali, akunjalo.
Ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa kulapho sichitha khona amahora ethu amaningi osekelo lobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi namakhasimende asezindaweni zezulu ezisenyakatho nezimakethe zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia-nezinkinga eziphikisanayo, i-physics eyisisekelo efanayo. -Emadigri angu-20 , amaseli e-LFP ehla aze afike cishe ku-60% womthamo osebenzisekayo. I-NMC ibambe kangcono cishe ku-85%, yingakho uyibona kuma-premium EVs amakethwa kukho konke-ukusetshenziswa kwesizini. Izindlela ziqondwa kahle: i-electrolyte viscosity iyakhuphuka, i-impedance ye-SEI iyakhuphuka, ukudluliswa kwenkokhelo kuncipha kukho konke ukuxhumana. I-CATL's Shenxing Pro ifuna ibanga elingu-478 km ukusuka kumaminithi angu-20 wokushaja ama-degree angu-20 (catl.com), okubonisa inqubekelaphambili yangempela kulokhu.
Ukusebenza{0}okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kudala amakhanda ahlukene. Amaseli asebenza kahle{2}}ngesinye isikhathi kangcono{3}}ku-35-40℃, kodwa ukuguga kwekhalenda kusheshisa kakhulu. Silandelele amaphekhi ezindaweni ezishisayo{11}}ezilahlekelwa amandla angu-8-10% onyakeni wokuqala uma kuqhathaniswa no-3-4% wamaphakethe afanayo ezimeni ezipholile. Izinhlanganisela zokuwohloka: Ungqimba lwe-SEI luyajiya, lusebenzisa i-lithium yokusungula, lukhuphule i-impedance, lukhiqize ukushisa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikili, okusheshisa ukuwohloka okwengeziwe. Ikhasimende laseMpumalanga Ephakathi lafunda lokhu kabuhlungu lapho izimangalo zalo zewaranti yonyaka wesibili zikhuphuka.
Izinombolo zempilo yomjikelezo kumininingwane yedatha zinemibandela ethile-ngokuvamile engu-25℃, 1C/1C icala-ukukhipha, 100% ukujula kokukhishwa. Shintsha noma yikuphi okuguquguqukayo futhi izinombolo zishintshe kakhulu. Sitshela amakhasimende ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-DOD okungu-50% kuvamise ukunweba impilo yomjikelezo ngo-3-5x uma kuqhathaniswa nokujula okugcwele kwamabhayisikili. Umehluko phakathi kwemijikelezo engu-500-1,000 ku-100% DOD kanye nemijikelezo engu-3,000-5,000 ku-50% DOD inemiphumela emikhulu yezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi, kodwa kudinga ukukhushulwa ngokweqile kwephakethe, okwengeza izindleko zangaphambili nesisindo. Ubunjiniyela bumayelana nokuhwebelana; ukukhethwa kwebhethri nakho.
Ukusebenza kokuphepha kwehlela ekuzinzeni kwe-thermal, futhi ukuzinza kwe-thermal kwehla kumakhemikhali. Isakhiwo se-olivine se-LFP sibamba ama-athomu omoya-mpilo aqine{1}}ukubola okushisayo akuqali kuze kube ngu-270℃, uma kuqhathaniswa no-210℃we-NMC. Yingakho amaseli e-LFP edlula ukuhlolwa kokungena kwezinzipho okungathumela-amaseli e-nickel aphezulu ku-thermal runaway. I-crystallography, hhayi ukumaketha. Izinga elisha lase-China le-GB38031-2025, eliqala ukusebenza ngo-Julayi 2026, lidinga amahora amabili okungabikho komlilo futhi akukho kuqhuma ngemva kokuqaliswa kokushisa okushisayo. Ngokwenhlolovo yezimboni, cishe amaphesenti angama-78 abakhiqizi asebevele banobuchwepheshe obuvumelanayo (greencarcongress.com). Ama-22% asele anomsebenzi wobunjiniyela phambi kwawo.
Ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza ibaluleke kakhulu kunalokho abathengi abaningi abakuqaphelayo{0}}ukufana kokugqoka, ukomisa ukuphelela, ukulawula ukungcoliswa. I-Battery University iphawula ukuthi "ayikho indlela engokoqobo ekhona yokulinganisa zonke izimo zebhethri ngokuhlolwa okufushane, okuphelele," yingakho irekhodi lomhlinzeki libalulekile kanye nokucaciswa.
Isimo esiqinile-, i-silicon anode, i-sodium-i-ion{2}}lobu buchwepheshe buthuthuka ukusuka kulebhu kuya ekukhiqizeni kokuhlola. U-Amprius ubonise i-500 Wh/kg nge-silicon anode. I-CATL ye-sodium-ion Naxtra ifinyelela ku-175 Wh/kg ngempilo yomjikelezo engu-10,000{11}. Ukuthi lokhu kubumba kabusha imakethe eminyakeni emithathu noma emihlanu,{12}}i-lithium-ion yesizukulwane samanje izohlala inamandla ezinsizeni eziningi kule minyaka eyishumi. Imvilophu yokusebenza ilokhu ikhula, kodwa okuyisisekelo kokufanisa izici zeseli nezimfuneko zohlelo lokusebenza azikashintshi.
