Yimaphi amasu okulawula ukushaja kwamasistimu ebhethri lamandla?
Isu Lokulawula Ukushaja Kwesistimu Yebhethri Yamandla
Ngohlelo olukhulu-oluhlanganisiwe lokusetshenziswa kwamaphakethe ebhethri lamandla, ngaphezu kokucabangela izici zekhemikhali nezomzimba zebhethri lamandla ngokwalo, kuyadingeka futhi ukucabangela indlela yokugcina ibhethri, indawo yokugcina, izimo zemishini yokushaja, izinkinga zokuphepha ezihlobene nesitoreji esimaphakathi nokushajwa, kanye nomthelela kugridi yamandla.
Phakathi kwezici eziningi, isiqinisekiso esiyinhloko nokucatshangelwa kufanele kube ukuphepha kokushajwa kwebhethri lamandla, okusho ukwenza okubalulekile kwepharamitha yokulawula ukushaja komuntu siqu ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zamabhethri wamandla nokuqapha nokulawula inqubo phakathi nokushaja. Ezingeni lamanje lezinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri lamandla kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushaja, sekwenzeke ukuthola imingcele yamaseli ngamanye ohlelweni lwebhethri phakathi nenqubo yokushaja. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokushaja, imingcele yamaseli ebhethri ngalinye kufanele iqashwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Mayelana namasu okulawula ukushaja, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamabhethri ahlanganisiwe namaseli ngamanye. Njengamanje, kusetshenziswa izindlela eziningi, ikakhulukazi ngokuxhumana phakathi kwe-Battery Management System (BMS) kanye neshaja, ukuze kulawulwe ukushaja okusekelwe kumingcele evamile yamaseli ngamanye ephaketheni lebhethri. Umbono oyisisekelo wokulawula uwukukhulisa umthamo osebenzisekayo wephakethe lebhethri ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukuphepha kwebhethri. Amapharamitha amaseli ebhethri ngamanye abaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kokushaja. Ngakho-ke, isu lokulawula ipharamitha yokushaja ngokuvamile lithatha indlela yokulungisa amapharamitha wokushaja ngokusekelwe kumanani eqile, okusho ukugxila kumingcele yamaseli ngamanye ngokwedlulele ohlelweni lwebhethri ngokuya ngezinhlobo zebhethri ezihlukene. Izimoto zikagesi zivame ukusebenzisa umgomo obalulekile onikezwe uhlelo lwebhethri lamandla omjikelezo wokushaja wengqondo Ithebula 11-3 ukuze zenze izinguquko zepharamitha yokushaja iyonke, ukugcina amapharamitha adlulele ngaphakathi kwephakethe lebhethri ngaphakathi kwebanga elilinganiselwe.
Ukuthatha ibhethri le-lithium manganese oxide njengesibonelo, ukushaja kwenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-voltage engaguquki yamanje-. Phakathi nenqubo yokushaja, ukugxila kokuqala kusekutholeni amandla kagesi eseli ngalinye kuphakethe lebhethri. Uma noma iyiphi i-voltage yeseli ngayinye idlula isethi ephezulu kagesi evumelekile (efana no-4.25V), isamba somkhawulo wokushaja wamanje kufanele sehliswe ukuze kulawulwe ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi eseli ngalinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa lebhethri litholwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma noma yiliphi izinga lokushisa leseli ngalinye lidlula izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lephakethe lebhethri ngo-5℃, umkhawulo wamanje wokushaja kufanele wehliswe, kukhawulwe izinga lokushisa lokunyuka. Ngaphansi kokuphathwa nokulawulwa okucolisisiwe, ukulungiswa komkhawulo kagesi kungase futhi kusekelwe ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa lokushaja kwebhethri. Isibonelo, uma izinga lokushisa lebhethri likubanga eliphansi, umkhawulo ongaphezulu wevoltheji yokushaja uyaphakanyiswa ukuze kwandiswe umthamo wokushajwa wephakethe lebhethri; uma izinga lokushisa lebhethri likubanga eliphezulu, umkhawulo ophezulu wevoltheji yokushaja wehliswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwebhethri.
Ithebula 11-3 Okumqoka Kwamaqhinga Okulawula Ipharamitha Yamaphakethe Ebhethri
| Okubalulekile | Ibhethri ye-Lithium-ion | Ibhethri ye-Nickel-yensimbi ye-Hydride | Ibhethri-ye-asidi eholayo |
| Phezulu | I-voltage yeseli eyodwa-ephezulu | Izinga eliphezulu{0}}lokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kweseli elilodwa | I-voltage yetheminali yeseli{0}eningi ephezulu |
| Ubukhulu bezinga lokushisa{0}}leseli elilodwa | Ubukhulu bezinga lokushisa{0}}leseli elilodwa | Ubukhulu bezinga lokushisa{0}}leseli elilodwa | |
| Phansi | I-voltage yephakethe yebhethri ephezulu | I-voltage yetheminali yephakethe lebhethri | I-voltage yetheminali yephakethe lebhethri |
| Ukushaja okwamanje | Ukushaja okwamanje | Ukushaja okwamanje |
Imodi Yokulawula Ukushaja Kwesistimu Yebhethri Yamandla
Ukuqaliswa kwesu lokushaja kudinga ukudluliswa kwedatha okuphumelelayo kanye{0}}nokwahlulela kwepharamitha yesikhathi sangempela phakathi kwesistimu yebhethri neshaja. I-Battery Management System (BMS) iqeda umsebenzi wokuqoqa amapharamitha kusistimu yebhethri. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakathi nenqubo yamanje yokushaja ehlakaniphile, ngokuxhumana neshaja, iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenqubo yokushaja futhi ifinyelela ukulawula okuphumelelayo kwebhethri.
Isakhiwo sesistimu esiyisisekelo semodi yokuphatha ukushaja siboniswa kuMfanekiso 11-12.
Umsebenzi we-BMS ukuzuza ukuqapha ku-inthanethi kwesimo sebhethri (izinga lokushisa kwebhethri, i-voltage yeseli ngayinye, ukusebenza kwamanje, ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwebhethri nenqwaba yokushaja), ukulinganisa kwe-SOC, ukuhlaziya isimo (ukuthi i-SOC iphakeme kakhulu, noma izinga lokushisa lebhethri liphezulu kakhulu/liphansi kakhulu, noma ngabe i-voltage yebhethri ngayinye iphezulu kakhulu/iphansi kakhulu, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwebhethri kuyashesha kakhulu, noma ngabe ukushintshwa kwebhethri kunephutha, noma ngabe ibhethri likhona yini ngesikhathi esifanayo. iphakethe linamaphutha, noma amaphutha okuxhumana, njll.) nokusebenzisa ukuphathwa okushisayo okudingekayo. Imisebenzi esemqoka yeshaja ukuguqulwa kwamandla,{2}}ukulawula iluphu evaliwe ye-voltage ephumayo kanye ne-current, ukuvikela okudingekayo, nokuxhumana ne-BMS ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqonda okuphelele kwesimo sebhethri nokulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kokuphumayo kwamanje. Uma iphakethe lebhethri lidinga ukushajwa, ngaphezu kwezintambo zamandla ezinkulu eziphozithivu nezinegethivu zokuphuma kweshaja ezidinga ukuxhunywa kuphakethe lebhethri, ulayini wokuxhumana wokwabelana ngedatha nawo wengezwa phakathi kwe-BMS neshaja.
Le modi yokushaja isungula isixhumanisi sokuxhumana phakathi Kwesistimu Yokuphatha Ibhethri kanye nesistimu yeshaja, okuvumela ukwabelana ngedatha. Lokhu kuvumela amapharamitha ahlobene nokuphepha, njengamandla kagesi, izinga lokushisa, nokusebenza kokufakwa kwebhethri kuyo yonke inqubo yokushaja, ukuthi abambe iqhaza ekulawulweni nasekuphathweni kokushaja kwebhethri. Lokhu kusiza ishaja ukuthi iqonde ngokugcwele isimo sebhethri nolwazi, futhi ilungise amandla okushaja ngokufanele, ivimbele ngempumelelo ukushajwa okungaphezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu kuwo wonke amabhethri angaphakathi kwephekhi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kochungechunge{2}}lokushajwa kwebhethri elixhunyiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le modi yokushaja ithuthukisa ukuphathwa nokulawula imisebenzi ye-BMS, ithuthukisa ukuphepha nokuhlakanipha kokushaja, futhi yenza lula umsebenzi oyisicefe wokusetha imingcele yokushaja ngu-opharetha weshaja, okunikeza ishaja ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kangcono. Kule modi, ishaja ayidingi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zebhethri; idinga kuphela ukuthola imiyalelo yamanje ehlinzekwa yi-BMS ukuze ithole ukushaja okuphephile.
Izindlela Zokushaja Zesistimu Yebhethri Yamandla
Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokusebenza, ukushajwa kwebhethri lamandla ezimotweni zikagesi kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezimbili: ukushaja okuphansi kanye{0}}nokushaja ebhodini.
Indlela yokushaja ephansi
Uma imoto idinga ukushajwa okwengeziwe, ibhethri elidinga ukushajwa liyakhishwa emotweni, bese kufakwa ibhethri eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele. Imoto ibe isihamba ukuze iqhubeke nokusebenza noma ukusebenzisa, futhi ibhethri elikhishiwe lilekelelwa kusetshenziswa isistimu yokushaja phansi. Ukwamukela indlela yokushaja okuphansi kunenzuzo ekunakekeleni ibhethri, ukuthuthukisa ubude bebhethri nokusebenza kahle kwemoto, kodwa kubeka izidingo eziphakeme emotweni nasezinsizeni zokushaja/izisetshenziswa. Ukushaja okuphansi kuphinde kuhlukaniswe ngokushaja kwebhokisi kanye nokushaja kwephakethe elibalulekile.
(1)Ukushaja IbhokisiNgesikhathi sokushajwa kwebhokisi, ishaja ngayinye ishaja ibhokisi elilodwa lamabhethri kuphakethe lebhethri futhi ixhumana namayunithi okuphatha amabhethri aseduze ukuze kuqedelwe isilawuli sokushaja. Le ndlela inenzuzo ekuthuthukiseni ukulinganisa kwephakethe lebhethri nokwelula impilo yalo yesevisi. Nokho, idinga inani elikhulu lamashaja, ukuxhumana okuningi phakathi kwephakethe lebhethri namashaja, inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yokuqapha, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu. Ukwakheka kwayo kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 11-13.kanye nezidingo zayo zobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa
inkundla. Phakathi kwazo, inkundla yokushaja ixhunywe kumthombo wamandla we-DC ngokuhambisana namandla{1}egesi aphansi wemoto, indawo yokubeka ibhethri, isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana seshaja, isixhumi esikhipha ishaja, kanye nenzwa ye-alamu. Uma ibhokisi elilodwa lamabhethri libekwe endaweni yokushaja, amandla aphansi{3}}amandla kagesi ahlinzeka ngamandla eyunithi yokuphatha ibhethri. Ishaja neyunithi yokuphatha ibhethri ziyaxhumana ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawula ukushaja, futhi amandla adluliswa esuka eshaja aye ebhethrini ngesixhumi esikhipha ishaja. Izinzwa ze-alamu, izinzwa zezinga lokushisa, njll., zibona{7}}ekuqashweni kwesayithi phakathi nenqubo yokushaja.
Uma usebenzisa ukushajwa kwebhokisi, isistimu yokushejula ibhethri idinga ukwengamela nokuphatha inani, ikhwalithi, nesimo sawo wonke amabhethri-esikhathini sangempela, yenza imisebenzi efana nokugcinwa kwebhethri, ukushintshwa,{1}}ukuhlanganisa{1}}kabusha, ukulinganisa kwephakethe lebhethri, ukuhlola umthamo wangempela, kanye nokuphathwa okuphuthumayo kwamaphutha ebhethri.
(2)Ukushaja Kwephakethe OkuhlanganisiweNgokushaja kwephakethe elibalulekile, wonke amabhokisi ebhethri akhishiwe emotweni kagesi axhunywe ngendlela asetshenziswa ngayo emotweni. Ishaja eyodwa isetshenziselwa ukushaja lonke iphakethe lebhethri, futhi wonke amayunithi okuphatha ibhethri axhumana ne-Battery Management Host kanye neshaja ukuqedela ukulawula ukushaja. Le ndlela idinga amashaja ambalwa futhi inenethiwekhi yokuqapha elula, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yokushaja ibhokisi, ukulingana kwephakethe lebhethri kubi, futhi impilo yesevisi ifushane. Ukwakheka kwayo kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 11-14.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindlela ezimbili zokushaja kukhonjiswe kuThebula 11-4.
Ithebula 11-4 Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindlela Ezimbili Zokushaja
| Cha. | Ukushaja Kwephakethe Okuhlanganisiwe | Ukushaja Ibhokisi |
| 1 | I-voltage yokushaja ephezulu, ukuphepha okungalungile | I-voltage yokushaja ephansi, ukuphepha okuhle |
| 2 | Amandla aphezulu emishini yokushaja eyodwa, ubuchwepheshe obungavuthiwe, izindleko zemishini ephezulu | Amandla aphansi emishini yokushaja eyodwa, ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, izindleko eziphansi zizonke |
| 3 | Umehluko wokuvumelana ukhula ngokushesha | Ukwandiswa komehluko wokuvumelana kwehlisa ijubane |
| 4 | I-Harmonics inkulu kakhulu | Ama-Harmonics mancane kakhulu |
| 5 | Ayifanele ukwakheka kwebhethri ukuze imiswe kumodi yokufaka esikhundleni | Ifanele ukwakheka kwebhethri ukuze imiswe kumodi yokufaka esikhundleni |
| 6 | Impilo yesevisi yebhethri emfushane | Icabangela ukungaguquguquki, inweba ngempumelelo impilo yesevisi yebhethri |
Ebhodini-Indlela Yokushaja
Lapho imoto idinga ukushajwa okungeziwe, ishaja ixhunywa kupulaki yokushaja, futhi ibhethri ingashajwa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokukhishwa emotweni, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 11-15. Izinzuzo zayo yinqubo elula yokushaja futhi ayibandakanyi izinqubo ezifana nokugcinwa kwebhethri noma ukushintshwa kwebhethri. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokushajwa kwemoto sithatha isikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto noma isikhathi sokufaka isicelo, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwemoto okuphansi futhi kuyenze ingasizi kakhulu ukunakekela ukulingana kwephakethe lebhethri nokwelula impilo yayo yesevisi.
Indlela-yokushaja ebhodini yenziwa ngemigqa yokuxhuma-yeshaja ebhodini{2}}nenethiwekhi{2}}yebhodi, kanye nenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-CAN yemoto kagesi, ixhumana{3}}nomsingathi wokuphatha ibhethri ebhodini ukuze kuqedelwe ukulawula ukushaja. Isakhiwo sokuxhumana{5}}sokushaja ebhodini siboniswa kuMfanekiso 11-16.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamashaja asetshenziselwa{0}}ukushaja ebhodini. Enye ishaja-efakwe ebhodini efakwe futhi ephathwa nemoto, ngokuvamile enamandla aphansi, ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-5KW kuma-sedan kagesi, enamandla amancane okushaja kanye nesikhathi eside sokushaja. Lokhu kulungele izimoto zikagesi ezishaja ebusuku futhi ezisetshenziswa emini. Enye -ishaja esheshayo engasebenzi, ngokuvamile eqinisekisa ukuthi imoto ishajwa kungakapheli imizuzu engu-30, ekwazi ukwengeza amandla anele ukuze imoto ihambe ngaphezu kuka-50km. Ama-sedans kagesi akhiqiziwe adinga kokubili{10}}okuxhunywe kushaja ebhodini kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo seshaja esisheshayo ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza zalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamashaja, okusho ukuba nezixhumi ezibonakalayo ezimbili ezihlelwe ngokufana. Umfanekiso 11-17 ubonisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja semoto kagesi yakwaNissan Leaf.
