Iyini Isondlo Esibikezelwayo?

Ukugcinwa kokuqagela kusho ukubamba izinkinga zebhethri ngaphambi kokuba zibe izinkinga ezibizayo. Umqondo uphonswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokuthengisa, kodwa umsebenzi wangempela uhlanganisa ukugqolozela amajika kagesi kanye nokuphikisana nomthengisi wakho we-BMS mayelana nokuthi kungani izexwayiso zabo ziqhubeke zidubula ngo-3 AM.

Amaseli e-Lithium-ion awafi ngokuzumayo. Banikeza izixwayiso. Iqhinga ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke.

Iseli elilahlekelwa amandla lizoqala ukubonisa amandla kagesi aphansi esimweni esifanayo sokushaja uma kuqhathaniswa nomakhelwane balo. Mhlawumbe ama-millivolts angu-20 ekuqaleni. Kulula ukugeja uma ubheka kuphela-idatha yeleveli yephekhi. Ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva lelo gebe lingamamilivolthi angu-80 futhi manje unekhanda elibuhlungu lokulawula ukushisa ngenxa yokuthi iseli elilodwa lisebenza kanzima kunamanye.

I-Internal resistance creep ingenye enkulu. Sikhiphe imojuli entwasahlobo edlule ohlelweni lokugcina igridi obelusebenze iminyaka emine. Amaseli ayebukeka kahle ephepheni. Umthamo wawuseku-84%. Kodwa ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-DC kwakukhuphuke kusuka ku-1.2 milliohms kuya ku-2.8 milliohms. Leyo mojula ibilahla ukushisa komakhelwane bayo njalo uma isistimu iphendula ucingo lokulawula imvamisa.

Li-ion motion during the charge (a) and discharge (b) process.

Lonke isistimu yokuphatha ibhethri iqoqa i-voltage, yamanje, nezinga lokushisa. Leyo ngxenye ilula. Izinto eziwusizo zivela kulokho okwenzayo ngaleyo datha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinga lokufiphala kwamandla likutshela okungaphezu komthamo ophelele. Iseli elehle lisuka ku-100% laya ku-94% onyakeni wokuqala lase laya ku-91% onyakeni wesibili liziphatha ngendlela evamile. Iseli ebelibambe ku-97% izinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili lase lehla lafinyelela ku-88% ezinyangeni ezintathu kunokuthile okungahambi kahle ngaphakathi. Mhlawumbe isici sokukhiqiza ekugcineni sibanjwe. Mhlawumbe iphekwe ngesikhathi sokushisa ngenkathi isistimu ye-HVAC iphansi ukuze ilungiswe.

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Coulombic kubalulekile kumaseli ahamba ngamabhayisikili njalo. Amasistimu okugcina igridi angabona imijikelezo engama-300 ngonyaka. Ihabhu yokushaja esheshayo ye-EV ingase iphushele amaseli ku-500 noma ku-600. Uma iseli libuyisela u-99.1% walokho okufaka esikhundleni sika-99.7%, kukhona okudla i-lithium ngaphakathi. Ngokuvamile ukukhula kwe-SEI. Kwesinye isikhathi i-lithium plating uma iphakethe lishajwa esimweni sezulu esibandayo ngaphandle kokushisisa kwangaphambilini okufanele.

Ngibone ukwehluleka kwebhethri okwengeziwe kusolwa kumaseli amabi lapho imbangela yangempela kuwumklamo omubi wokushisa. Ikhabethe elangeni lantambama ngqo. Umlandeli wokupholisa ohlulekile futhi akekho obonile amasonto amabili. Izimbobo zokungena ezivinjwe uthuli lwempahla.

Izinga lokushisa leseli ngesikhathi sokushaja libaluleke ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa le-ambient. Iphakethe elishaja ngo-0.5C lingase libe ngu-8 noma 10 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kwe-ambient. Lelo phakethe elifanayo ku-1C lingashaya ama-degree angu-20 ngaphezulu. Manje phindaphinda lokho emakhulwini emijikelezo.

Sibe nekhasimende e-Nevada elikhononda ngokulahleka kwamandla ngaphambi kwesikhathi onyakeni walo wesibili wokusebenza. Isikhungo sabo sibheke ngasentshonalanga. Ntambama kakhulu ilanga lasehlobo lishise ingxenye eseningizimu yegumbi labo lebhethri laya ku-95℃F kanti ingxenye esenyakatho ihlezi ku-78℃F. Amaseli ekugcineni ashisayo akhula ngokushesha ngokuphindwe kabili. Ukunakekela okubikezelwayo kubambe umehluko, kodwa umonakalo wawusuvele wenzekile ngesikhathi noma ubani ebheka idatha ngokungathi sína.

Ukusebenzisa i-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ohlelweni olubukhoma akusebenzi kubasebenzisi abaningi. Imishini ibiza imali yangempela futhi udinga umuntu owazi ukuhumusha imiphumela.

Okwenziwa amasayithi amaningi kunalokho ukulandelela ukumelana ne-DC ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Linganisa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngaphansi komthwalo. Qhathanisa nezilinganiso eziyisisekelo kusukela ekusetshenzisweni. Iseli elibonisa ukumelana okuphezulu okungama-40% kunomakhelwane balo likutshela okuthile.

Ezinye izinkundla ze-BMS zibala ukumelana ngokuzenzakalelayo kusuka eshadini nasekukhipheni imicimbi. Ukunemba kuyehluka. Ngibone amasistimu akubethela phakathi kuka-5% namasistimu akunikeza udoti ngoba athatha amasampula ezikhathini ezingalungile emjikelezweni.

BMS operation inside the EV.

Umkhawulo wezempilo ongu-80% uphindaphindwa yonke indawo sengathi wehla entabeni ezibhebheni zamatshe. Izinqumo zokumiselela zangempela zimbi kakhulu.

Isistimu yokugcina igridi ekhokhelwa umthamo ingase ishintshe amamojula ku-82% ngenxa yokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwemali engenayo okuvela ekukhiqizweni okuncishisiwe kudlula izindleko zemojuli. Ukufakwa kwamandla ekhophi yasenqolobaneni esikhungweni sedatha kungase kwehlise amaseli aze afike ku-70% ngenxa yokuthi akhipha izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela ngonyaka phakathi nokucisha.

Imigomo yewaranti ishayela izinqumo eziningi. Abakhiqizi abaningi bamaseli bagunyaza umthamo wama-70% noma 80% kwesinye isibalo somjikelezo. Uma idatha yakho ibonisa ukuthi imojuli izokwehla ngaphansi komkhawulo wewaranti ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, leyo ngxoxo nomphakeli wakho iba mnandi kakhulu.

Abadlali abakhulu bathengisa amaphakheji ezibalo athembisa ukufunda komshini kanye-nemininingwane eshayelwa yi-AI. Okunye kwakho kuyasiza. Okuningi kwakho imigqa yethrendi enezithombe zikanokusho.

Okusiza ngempela ukuthi idatha yomlando ihlelwe ngendlela ekuvumela ukuthi uqhathanise amasistimu afanayo. Uma usebenzisa iziqukathi zebhethri ezifanayo eziyishumi nanhlanu futhi esinye sazo siguga ngokushesha kunezinye, ufuna ukwazi lokho. Uma i-cell lot 2847 evela kumphakeli wakho ibonisa izinkinga kumasayithi amaningi, ufuna ngempela ukwazi lokho.

Izimfuneko zokugcina idatha aziyona into encane. Ukugawulwa kweseli-kweleveli{2}}kwezikhawu zesibili kukhiqiza cishe amagigabhayithi angu-2 ngemegawathi-ngehora ngonyaka. Ama-opharetha amaningi asampula njalo ukuze agcine izindleko zokulondoloza ziphansi, kodwa bese uphuthelwa imicimbi yesikhashana.

General flowchart of the BMS.

Ukugcinwa kokuqagela akukwazi ukulungisa amaseli amabi. Ayikwazi ukuhlehlisa umonakalo oshisayo. Angeke kwazi ukukhokhela indawo eyakheke kabi.

Engakwenza ukukunikeza isikhathi sokuhola. Imojula ebingahluleka ngesikhathi somcimbi wesidingo esiphezulu ehlobo iyehluleka ngesikhathi sewindi lokulungisa elihleliwe ngo-April. Lowo mehluko ungase ulondoloze inkokhelo yenhlawulo noma isimangalo somshuwalense.

Amasayithi athola inani langempela ekunakekeleni okubikezelwayo yiwo asebenza kudatha. Ngike ngahamba ezikhungweni ezinamadeshibhodi amahle akhombisa zonke izinhlobo zezixwayiso okungekho muntu owayezibhekile ezinyangeni. Lokho akukhona ukulungiswa okubikezelwayo. Lokho wukuqoqwa kwedatha okumba eqolo.