Iyini I-Seal Design?
Amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium ezimotweni zikagesi ahlala amayintshi ukusuka endaweni yomgwaqo, echayeke emvuleni, emanzini, nasezimpambanweni zomgwaqo ezigcwele amanzi ngezikhathi ezithile. Amaseli angaphakathi asebenza kumakhulu ama-volts. Amanzi namandla kagesi aphezulu akuhlangani. Idizayini evaliwe iyona ebenza bahlukane.
Umqondo uqonde ngokwanele: yakha indawo ebiyelwe evimba amanzi nothuli ukuthi lufinyelele kumaseli nezinto zikagesi ngaphakathi. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ukufeza lokhu kudinga ukunakwa kwezinto ze-gasket, ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza, kanye nemininingwane embalwa ebonakala kuphela ngemva kokuba okuthile kwehluleka ensimini.
Iningi lamaphakethe ebhethri e-EV aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezilinganiso ze-IP67 noma ze-IP68, izindinganiso ezichazwe ku-IEC 60529. I-IP67 isho ukuthi indawo ebiyelwe ingasinda ekucwilisweni imitha elilodwa lamanzi imizuzu engamashumi amathathu. I-IP68 inweba ukuthi-emahoreni angamashumi amabili nane. Lezi zilinganiso zivivinywa kumayunithi amasha okukhiqiza, kodwa inselele yangempela ukugcina ubuqotho bezimpawu phakathi neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili noma eyishumi yokuhamba ngamabhayisikili ashisayo, ukudlidliza, nokuchayeka kwe-UV. Iphakethe elidlula i-IP67 ngosuku lokuqala lingase lingadluli onyakeni wesishiyagalombili.
Uphawu oluyinhloko kumaphekhi amaningi luwukuxhumana phakathi kwama-halves angaphezulu nangaphansi okuvalekile. Cabanga ngethreyi elikhulu le-aluminium elinesivalo. Izindawo zokukhwelana zinama-flange abopha kanye ne-gasket ecindezelayo ehlanganiswe phakathi kwazo. Lapho amabhawodi eqina, i-gasket igobhozela phansi futhi igcwalise noma yiziphi izikhala endaweni ye-flange.
Ukucindezelwa kwe-gasket kungenye yalezo eziguquguqukayo ezizwakala zilula kodwa ezidala izinkinga lapho ziphuma ebangeni. Cindezela kancane futhi i-gasket ngeke ihambisane nokungahambi kahle kwendawo{1}}amanzi athola indlela. Cindezela kakhulu futhi impahla ye-gasket yonakala unomphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okubuyela emuva ngemva kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ithagethi evamile endaweni ethile icishe ibe ngamaphesenti angamashumi amane ukuminyaniswa, nakuba lokhu kuhluka ngohlobo lwempahla.
Akukho kulokhu okuwubunjiniyela bangaphandle. Iwuhlobo lomsebenzi wemininingwane ophathwa kahle ezimotweni eziningi zokukhiqiza bese wehluleka ngezinye izikhathi ngezindlela ezenza izindaba.
I-Case Studies
Ngasekupheleni kuka-2022, u-GM wakhumbula amakhulu amaningana ama-Hummer EVs ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi ama-flanges avalelwe amabhethri awazange afakwe kahle ngaphambi kokuthi kufakwe uphawu lwe-urethane. Ukunamathela kwakubuthakathaka. Amanzi angena emaphaketheni ambalwa. Izimoto kungenzeka zingaqali noma ziphelelwe amandla ngenkathi zishayela. IMagna, umphakeli wendawo ebiyelwe, ubenenkinga yokulawula inqubo endaweni yabo. Ukulungiswa bekuqondile{6}}kwaqala ngokuyikho{7}}kodwa ukukhumbula kusengenzeka.
Ngaso leso sikhathi ikwindla, iSiphepho u-Ian no-Idalia sakhukhula izinkulungwane zezimoto kulo lonke elaseFlorida. Ezinye zikagesi zasha ngemuva kwezinsuku. Amanzi anosawoti ahamba kahle kakhulu kunamanzi ahlanzekile, futhi uma engena endaweni evalekile yebhethri, angakha izindlela ezimfushane{2} zokujikeleza phakathi kwamaseli noma kumabha amabhasi{3}}anamandla kagesi aphezulu. Imililo ewumphumela iyashisa futhi ivuse kalula. I-State Fire Marshal yaseFlorida iqale ukuncoma ukuthi ama-EV agcwele izikhukhula apakwe amafidi angamashumi amahlanu ukusuka kunoma yisiphi isakhiwo, uma kwenzeka.
Lezi zigameko zikhomba umkhawulo wokuthi izilinganiso ze-IP zisebenza kanjani. Izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zisebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile. Amanzi anosawoti aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Futhi ukucwiliswa emanzini imizuzu engamashumi amathathu akufani nokuhlala egalaji lokupaka eligcwele izikhukhula ubusuku bonke. Izimo zomhlaba-zangempela zivame ukweqa lokho okushiwo izinga.
Izivalo ezivaliwe nazo zidinga ukuphefumula. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kubangela ukuthi umoya ongaphakathi kwephakethe wande futhi unciphe. Izinguquko ze-altitude zishintsha umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Indawo evalekile engangenisi ngempela ekugcineni izovala uphawu noma yonakalise indlu. Izimbobo zokukhulula ingcindezi zixazulula lokhu ngokusebenzisa ama-hydrophobic membranes-izinto ezidlula umoya kodwa ezivimba amanzi awuketshezi. I-Gore-I-Tex iyisibonelo sabathengi esidumile; izinguqulo zezimboni ezivela ezinkampanini ezifana noDonaldson noma i-Porex zisebenzisa umsebenzi ofanayo kumaphakethe webhethri.
Isikhala ngokwaso siba elinye iphuzu elingase livuze. U-Tesla wenze umkhankaso wesevisi ngo-2025 ezimotweni ezithile ze-Model S kanye ne-Model X ukuze zithathele "ama-flood port plunger" abengenamandla ngokwanele ngokumelene nokungena kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa. Idizayini yasekuqaleni yayivumela amanzi ukuthi aphume uma engene ngaphakathi kodwa ibingavimbeli ngokwanele amanzi ukuthi angangeni phakathi nemicimbi yezikhukhula.
Isimo se-GM Hummer sibize ukumisa-ukubambezeleka kokuthengisa nokulethwa. I-Porsche ne-Audi zikhumbula ngo-2023 ngokuvuza kwamabhethri e-Taycan kanye{3}}ne-eTron GT{4}}inkinga yokunamathela eqinile kumnikezeli wabo u-Draxlmaier{5}}adinga ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kanye nokushintshwa kwebhethri okungenzeka kube khona ezimotweni ezithintekile. Lezi yizinkinga ezilawulekayo zama-OEM amakhulu anengqalasizinda yokukhumbula. Kwabancaneabakhiqizi bebhethri ye-lithium ngokwezifisoamaphakethe wokwakha wezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto zezimboni noma ezikhethekile, ukwehluleka kwenkundla okuvela ezindabeni zezimpawu kungaba nzima ukumunca.
Idizayini evaliwe ayiveli kuzicaciso zokumaketha. Amakhasimende awaqhathanisi i-IP67 ne-IP68 ngendlela aqhathanisa ngayo ibanga noma isivinini sokushaja. Kodwa kuyisisekelo. Iphekhi elivuzayo alikwazi ukuletha impilo yalo yesevisi ethenjisiwe. Iphakethe elihlulekayo ngemuva kwezikhukhula lidala isikweletu nezihloko. Ubunjiniyela abukhazikhazi, kodwa ukubulungiswa yikho okuvumela yonke enye into ukuthi isebenze.
Ukuvala iphakethe kwendawo ebiyelwe kungenye yezindawo ezimbalwa lapho kusebenza khona nomuntu onolwaziibhethri ye-lithium umlingani we-OEMkuyakhokha. Izindlela zokwehluleka ziqondwa kahle. Izinto zokwakha nezindlela zokuhlola sezivuthiwe. Okuhlukanisa amaphekhi athembekile kulawo ayinkinga ngokuvamile ukwenza: ukulawulwa kwenqubo ekukhiqizeni, ukuhlolwa okungenayo kwezingxenye, nokuhlola kokuqinisekisa okubonisa ngempela-izimo zomhlaba zangempela kunokumane uhlole ibhokisi eshidini elicacisiwe.
