Iyini i-Voltage Sag?

I-Voltage sag iwukuncishiswa kwesikhashana kwamandla kagesi phakathi kuka-10% no-90% wamandla kagesi okuzisholo ahlala ukusuka kuhhafu womjikelezo kuye kumzuzu owodwa. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwekhwalithi yamandla kwenzeka lapho izimfuno zamanje eziphezulu kungazelelwe{3}}kusukela ekuqaleni kwemoto, ama-short circuit, noma amaphutha esistimu{4}}zenza ugesi wehle isikhashana ngaphambi kokubuyela kumazinga avamile.

Ukuqonda i-voltage sag kubalulekile ngoba lesi simo sithinta ukusebenza kwezimboni emhlabeni wonke. Imishini yesimanje yokukhiqiza, kusukela kuzilawuli ezihlelekayo ezihlelekayo kuya kumadrayivu esivinini ashintshashintshayo, isizwela ngokwandayo kulokhu kwehla kukagesi okufushane. Umcimbi owodwa we-sag othatha imijikelezo embalwa ungavala wonke umugqa wokukhiqiza, amasistimu edatha awonakele, noma kulimaze izinto zikagesi ezizwelayo.

Izimbangela Ezivamile Ze-Voltage Sag

Ama-voltage sags avela kuyo yomibili imithombo yesikhungo yangaphakathi kanye nokuphazamiseka kwegridi yangaphandle. Izimbangela ezintathu eziphambili amaphutha emigqa, ukuqala kwe-induction motor, kanye ne-transformer energizing.

Izimbangela Zegridi Yangaphandle

Amaphutha esistimu yamandla amelela umthombo onzima kakhulu wama-voltage sags. Uma umugqa owodwa-oya{2}}uphutha waphansi kwenzeka ndawana thize kugridi yensiza, ungathinta abasebenzisi ngaphakathi kwerediyasi engamamayela angu-100{6}. Ukushaywa kombani, amagatsha ezihlahla awile, izingozi zomgwaqo ezihilela izigxobo ezisetshenziswayo, nokulimala komoya ezintanjeni zokudlulisela izinto konke kudala izimo zamaphutha ezibhebhetheka ngohlelo lokusakaza. Le micimbi eseceleni kwensiza yenza iningi lamandla kagesi ajulile, lapho i-voltage yehla ibe ngaphansi kuka-50% wamanani amancane.

Imicimbi ehlobene-yesimo sezulu idala ama-sags ayinkinga kakhulu. Umbani awudingi ukuthi ushaye intambo kagesi ngokuqondile ukuze ubangele izinkinga-iziteleka eziseduze zidonsa amandla abalulekile ekuphakeleni kwasendaweni, ukucindezela igridi nokudala izimo zokuntengantenga kubasebenzisi abazungezile. Imimoya enamandla eqhubekayo phakathi neziphepho ingawisa imigqa noma ibangele ukuthintana kwesihlahla, ivuse okokuvikela okwenza ama-voltage anciphe kuma-feeders ahambisanayo ngisho nalapho lawo masekethi ehlala enamandla.

Izimbangela Zendawo Yangaphakathi

Imicimbi eminingi yokwehla kwamandla kagesi isuka ezintweni ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwebhilidi noma isitshalo esikhundleni sokusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza. Ama-currents aqalayo ezimoto adala ama-sags angaphakathi avame kakhulu kuzilungiselelo zezimboni. Izinjini ezinkulu zokungeniswa zingadweba izikhathi ezi-5-7 zamanje ezikaliwe ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, zidale ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla kagesi kuwo wonke ama-impedance wesistimu athinta ezinye izinto zokusebenza kusekethe efanayo.

Iziko le-arc ezikhungweni zokucubungula insimbi zenza ama-sags aqinile futhi avamile ngenxa yezidingo zawo eziphakeme, eziguquguqukayo zamandla. Le mithwalo idala izimo ezingalingani ezikhiqiza ama-asymmetric voltage sags athinta izigaba ngazinye ngokuhlukile. Ukunika amandla i-Transformer nakho kubangela ukuhlehla, ikakhulukazi uma i-transformer core ingakacindeki ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuthi-ifakwe amandla kabusha, okuholela kumaza angenayo acindezela i-voltage yesistimu okwesikhashana.

Ezindaweni zokuhlala, ama-voltage sags ayenzeka lapho iziqandisi, ama-air conditioner, noma amafeni omlilo ejikeleza. Nakuba inzima kakhulu kunama-industrial sags, le micimbi isengathinta izinto zikagesi zasekhaya ezibucayi futhi ibangele ukufiphala okubonakalayo kwezibani.

Ukuthi I-Voltage Sag Ithinta Kanjani Izisetshenziswa Ezihlukene

Umthelela we-voltage sag uyahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwemishini, idizayini, nobukhulu be-sag nobude besikhathi. Ama-voltage amaningi ancipha ahlala phakathi kwemijikelezo emi-2 neyi-10 (33-167 millisecond kusistimu engu-60 Hz), kodwa ngisho nemicimbi emifushane ingase ibangele ukwehluleka kwe-cascading.

I-Industrial Equipment Sensitivity

Amadrayivu esivinini alungisekayo kanye namadrayivu ashintshashintshayo abonisa ukuzwela okuphezulu kuma-voltage sags. Lawa madivayisi athembele kuma-capacitor webhasi e-DC ukuze agcine ukusebenza okuzinzile. Ngesikhathi se-sag, ama-capacitor ayaphuma ukuze anxephezele ukuncipha kwe-voltage yokufaka. Uma i-sag ijule ngokwanele noma ihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukukhipha lawa ma-capacitor ngaphansi komkhawulo omncane wokusebenza wedrayivu, idrayivu ihamba ngokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ucwaningo lwezokukhiqiza lukhombisa ukuthi ukwehla okungahleliwe kwemicimbi ye-voltage sag kubiza izikhungo zezimboni isilinganiso esingu-$260,000 ngehora.

Izilawuli ze-Programmable logic (PLCs) nezinhlelo zokulawula inqubo nazo zibonisa ukubekezelelana okungekuhle. Lawa madivayisi asuselwa ku-microprocessor{1}adinga amandla kagesi e-DC ukuze agcine inkumbulo futhi asebenzise ama-algorithms okulawula. I-voltage sag ingonakalisa idatha, isethe kabusha iphrosesa, noma ibangele i-PLC ukuthi ingene esimweni sephutha esidinga ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla ukuze iqalise kabusha izinqubo zokukhiqiza.

Izixhumi ezixhunywe neziqalisi zezimoto kanye nama-relay ziyehla ngesikhathi sokuhlehla kwamandla kagesi lapho i-voltage yekhoyili iwela ngaphansi komkhawulo oyeka ukuphuma, ngokuvamile cishe ku-70-80% wevoltheji elinganiselwe. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amamotho axhunyiwe aphelelwe amandla yize amandla ehlala etholakala, okudala ukuvala shaqa okungadingekile nokuqalisa kabusha ukubambezeleka.

Amasistimu wekhompyutha kanye nedatha

Izinsiza zamandla kumakhompuyutha namaseva zisebenzisa amandla agciniwe kuma-capacitor ukuze bushelelezi ukuhlukahluka kokufaka. Lapho kwenzeka ama-voltage sags, lawa mandla kagesi adonsa amandla akhuphukayo ukuze agcine i-voltage ephumayo, aqede amandla e-capacitor ngokushesha. Uma i-sag idlula isikhathi sokubamba amandla-(ngokujwayelekile ama-millisecond angu-8-20 wama-millisecond wezinga lomthengi), isistimu ilahlekelwa amandla, iphahlazeke, futhi ilahlekelwe noma iyiphi idatha engalondoloziwe.

Izikhungo zedatha zibhekene nengozi ethile ngoba ukuphahlazeka kweseva kungathinta izinkulungwane zabasebenzisi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi okukodwa kungadala ukonakala kusizindalwazi, ukwehluleka kokwenziwe, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesevisi okuthatha amahora ukuxazululwa ngisho nangemva kokuba amandla kagesi abuyele kokujwayelekile.

Izindleko Ezifihliwe Ze-Voltage Sag ku-48V eBike Lithium Battery

Amabhayisikili kagesi abhekene nohlobo oluthile lwenselelo ye-voltage sag ehlukile ezinkingeni ezisekelwe kugridi{{0}. Kumasistimu e-eBike angu-48V asebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-i-ion, ukuwohloka kwe-voltage kwenzeka lapho ukudonswa kwamanje okuphezulu okuvela kumotha kubangela ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngenxa yokumelana nebhethri kwangaphakathi.

Iphakethe lebhethri le-eBike elingu-48V elivamile liqukethe amaseli angu-13 ochungechungeni (ukulungiselelwa kwe-13S), enamandla kagesi aphelele acishe abe ngu-54.6V kanye nokunqamuka kwevoltage ephansi-kuseduze no-39-42V. Lapho umgibeli egijima kakhulu, ekhuphuka amagquma, noma esebenza emazingeni aphezulu okusiza, injini ingadonsa ama-amps angu-20-30 ebhethri. Lokhu kwamanje okuphezulu kubangela ukuthi i-voltage yehle ngo-3-6 volts ngenxa yokumelana kwangaphakathi, okwehlisela okwesikhashana ugesi webhethri kumaleveli abangela ukuvikelwa kokushisa okungaphansi kwesistimu yokulawula ibhethri (BMS).

Umthelela ongokoqobo usho ukuthi abagibeli bathola ukunqanyulwa kwamandla okungalindelekile nanoma ibhethri libonisa ukushajwa okusesilinganisweni okusele. Uma i-voltage ephumule ihlezi eduze kuka-43-46V (isimo esicishe sibe ngu-20-40% weshaji), okokufaka kwe-throttle okungazelelwe kungenza i-voltage ibe ngaphansi komkhawulo wokunqamula isilawuli ongu-40-42V, ivale injini. Abagibeli kufanele-ke behlise isidingo samandla futhi balinde ukutholwa kwamandla kagesi ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, okungase kukhungathekise lapho kukhuphuka noma kumgwaqo.

Ubudala bebhethri buyandisa le nkinga. Njengoba amaseli e-lithium ehla ngokusebenzisa imijikelezo evamile yokusetshenziswa, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuyanda, okubangela ukuhlehla kwamandla kagesi ngaphansi kwemithwalo efanayo. Ibhethri elisebenze kahle uma elisha lingase liqale ukubonisa ukuziphatha okuxekethile okuyinkinga ngemva kwemijikelezo yokushaja engu-300-500, noma izilinganiso zamandla zibonisa impilo eyamukelekayo.

Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe kanye Namazinga

Amazinga ochwepheshe achaza imingcele ye-voltage sag ngokunembile ukuze unike amandla ukulinganisa okungaguquki nokuqhathanisa kuwo wonke amasistimu wamandla.

I-IEEE kanye ne-IEC Standards

Izinga le-IEEE 1159 lichaza i-voltage sag njengokwehla kwamandla kagesi e-RMS phakathi kuka-10% no-90% wegama, okuhlala kusukela kumjikelezo ongu-0.5 kuya kuminithi elingu-1. Imicimbi emifushane kunemijikelezo engu-0.5 ihlukaniswa njengedlulayo, kuyilapho ukuncishiswa kwamandla kagesi okuhlala isikhathi eside kunomzuzu ongu-1 kuthathwa njenge-undervoltage eqhubekayo noma ama-brownout. Lo mehluko ubalulekile ngoba izindlela ezihlukene zokunciphisa zisebenza kuma-sags nezimo eziqhubekayo zikagesi ophansi.

Izinga le-IEC 61000-4-30 linikeza izincazelo ezifanayo kodwa lihlanganisa iziqondiso ezengeziwe ezindleleni zokulinganisa nemikhawulo. I-IEC ichaza ukuhlehla njengokuthi kwenzeka lapho amandla kagesi ehla ngaphansi kuka-90% wamandla kagesi adaluliwe isikhathi esiphakathi komjikelezo owodwa nomzuzu owodwa, futhi ukululama kube ngaphezu kuka-90% kamuva.

Womabili la mazinga agcizelela ukuthi i-voltage sag ibonakala ngamapharamitha amabili abalulekile: ubukhulu (noma ukujula) nobude besikhathi. Ukwehla kuye ku-70% wamandla kagesi ahlala emijikelezweni eyisi-6 kumele isehlakalo esimaphakathi, kanti ukuhlehla kuye ku-30% emijikelezweni emi-2 ehlala njalo kwenza isehlakalo esinzima esizokhubekisa amathuluzi abucayi kakhulu.

Ukulinganisa I-Voltage Sag

Abahlaziyi bekhwalithi yamandla bathwebula imicimbi ye-sag ngokuqhubeka nokugada amandla kagesi e-RMS ngamasampula amasampula angu-5 kHz noma ngaphezulu. Lawa mathuluzi aqopha ubuncane be-voltage, ubude besikhathi, isikhathi sokwenzeka, nama-engeli esigaba phakathi-nemicimbi yezigaba ezintathu. Idatha iveza ukuthi ingabe ama-sags ayalingana (athinta zonke izigaba ezintathu ngokulinganayo) noma awabhalansi (athinta izigaba ngazinye ngokuhlukile).

I-Voltage sag magnitude ivamise ukuvezwa njengephesenti lamanani avamile noma{0}ngeyunithi ngayinye. Ukwehla ku-0.7 ngeyunithi ngayinye kusho ukuthi amandla kagesi ehle afika ku-70% wamanani ajwayelekile. Ubude besikhathi bulinganiswa ngemijikelezo (ku-60 Hz, umjikelezo owodwa ulingana nama-millisecond angu-16.67) noma ngama-milliseconds ngokunemba okukhulu.

Umugqa owodwa-ukuya{1}}kumaphutha aphansi, amelela amaphutha angaphezu kuka-80% wesistimu yokusabalalisa, udala amaphethini e-sag angalingani. Lawa maphethini asiza abahlaziyi bekhwalithi yamandla ukuthi banqume indawo enephutha nohlobo ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bevolthi ehlobene esigabeni ngasinye kanye nokushintsha kwama-engeli esigaba okwenzeka phakathi nomcimbi.

I-Voltage Sag Versus Phenomena Ehlobene

Ukuhlukanisa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ezenzakalweni zekhwalithi yamandla ezifanayo kusiza ekukhetheni amasu okuvikela afanelekile.

I-Voltage Sag Versus Brownout

I-voltage sag kanye ne-brownout kokubili kuhilela ukwehla kwamandla kagesi, kodwa kuyahluka kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-Browouts angukunciphisa ngamabomu noma ngokungenhloso okusimeme kagesi okuhlala imizuzu noma amahora, ngokuvamile okusetshenziswa izinsiza phakathi nezikhathi zokufunwa okuphezulu ukuvimbela ukuwohloka okuphelele kwesistimu. Ama-voltage sags yimicimbi emifushane, engahlosiwe ethatha imizuzwana ehlala njalo noma ngaphansi ebangelwa amaphutha noma izinguquko ezisheshayo zomthwalo.

Izindlela zokunciphisa zihluka kakhulu. I-Browouts ingase idinge ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza, ukucishwa kokulayisha, noma ukukhushulwa kwesizukulwane ukuze kuxazululwe. Ama-voltage sags adinga{2}}izinto zokusebenza zamandla asebenzayo asheshayo ezingafaka i-voltage enxephezela ngama-millisecond.

I-Voltage Sag Ngokuphikisana Nokuphazamiseka

Ukuphazamiseka kumelela ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwamandla kagesi (ngaphansi kuka-10% wegama), kuyilapho i-sag igcina i-voltage ethile kuwo wonke umcimbi. Lo mehluko ubalulekile ngoba ukuziphatha kwemishini kwehluka kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka, amandla kagesi aphuma ngokuphelele futhi amasistimu aphelelwa amandla ngokuphelele. Phakathi nama-sags, ezinye izinto zokusebenza zingase ziqhubeke nokusebenza uma i-voltage esele ihlala ngaphezu komkhawulo wayo omncane.

Iziphazamiso zibangelwa ukusebenza kwedivayisi evikelayo-izinqamuli zesekhethi noma izivalo zokuvala kabusha ezivula amaphutha. Ama-sags ayenzeka ngenkathi amaphutha ekhona kodwa ngaphambi kokuba izivikeli zisebenze, noma lapho ama-inrush currents aphezulu enza ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngaphandle kokucupha ukuvikela.

I-Voltage Sag Versus Swell

Ukukhukhumala kwamandla kagesi kuyisimo esiphambene-nokwenyuka kwesikhashana kwamandla kagesi angaphezu kuka-110% wezinga elincane. Ukukhukhumala kwenzeka kancane kunama-sags futhi ngokuvamile kubangelwa umugqa owodwa-kuya{4}}kumaphutha aphansi kumasistimu angagxiliwe, lapho izigaba ezingenaphutha zithola ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi, noma lapho imithwalo emikhulu inqamuka kungazelelwe futhi amandla asebenzayo amuncwa yilowo mthwalo ngaphambilini abangela ukuba i-voltage yeqe.

Ngenkathi ama-sags edala ukuthi okokusebenza kuhambe kungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi noma kungasebenzi kahle, ukuvuvuka kungabangela ukulimala okungapheli ezingxenyeni ngokweqa izilinganiso zokuhlukanisa kanye nokugcizelela ukuhlangana kwe-semiconductor. Umthelela onqwabelene wokuvuvuka okuphindaphindiwe wehlisa isithunzi kancane kancane amathuluzi ngisho noma izehlakalo ezingazodwana zingabangeli ukwehluleka ngokushesha.

Amasu Okuvimbela Nokunciphisa

Ukubhekana nokwehla kwamandla kagesi kudinga indlela enezingqimba ehlanganisa insiza-ukuthuthukiswa okuseceleni, indawo{1}}ukuvikelwa kweleveli, kanye{2}}nokuqina kwezinga lokusebenza.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwedizayini Yesistimu Yamandla

Ukwandisa umthamo wesekethe emfushane endaweni yokuxhuma kunciphisa ubukhulu be-voltage sag. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa osayizi abakhulu be-conductor ukunciphisa i-impedance, ukuxhuma kumazinga aphezulu kagesi lapho iphutha lamanje lilikhulu, noma ukufaka umthamo we-transformer eyengeziwe. Nakuba zisebenza kahle, lezi zixazululo zibandakanya ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwezimali futhi zingase zingenzeki ezikhungweni ezikhona.

-Izisetshenziswa zokuqalisa ezithambile zamamotho amakhulu zikhawulela i-inrush current, ezinciphisa{1}}ukuncipha kwamandla kagesi okuzenzela ngaphakathi kwezinsiza. Iziqalisi ezithambile kancane kancane zenyusa i-voltage kumamotho ngamasekhondi ambalwa, zehlisa ukuphakama kokuqala kwamanje zisuka ku-600% ezilinganiselwe ziye ku-200-300%. Lesi sixazululo esingabizi kakhulu sikhuluma ngemithombo eyodwa evamile yangaphakathi.

I-Dynamic Voltage Restoration

Ama-Dynamic Voltage Restorers (DVR) amele ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa obuthuthukisiwe. Ama-DVR aqapha i-voltage engenayo ngokuqhubekayo futhi afake i-voltage enxephezelayo ochungechungeni ngokunikezwayo lapho kwenzeka ama-sags. Isebenzisa isitoreji samandla (ngokuvamile ama-capacitor) kanye{2}}nokushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi, ama-DVR angakwazi ukulungisa i-voltage phakathi kwama-millisecond angu-1-2, ngaphambi kokuba okokusebenza okubucayi kuthole ukuphazamiseka.

Amasistimu e-DVR asebenza ngokusebenza kahle okungu-96-99% kumodi yokudlula evamile, engeza ukulahlekelwa okuncane. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwe-sag, bangagcina i-voltage ephumayo imizuzwana engu-0.5-5 kuye ngokuthi umthamo wokugcina amandla kanye nokujula kwe-sag. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-90% wemicimbi evamile yokuwohloka kwamandla kagesi. Ama-DVR ahamba phambili ekuvikeleni yonke imigqa yokukhiqiza noma imishini yenqubo ebalulekile lapho ezinye izixazululo zingeke zisebenze.

Izimpahla Zamandla Ezingaphazamiseki

Amasistimu e-UPS ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kuwo womabili ama-voltage sags kanye nokuphazamiseka okuphelele ngokusebenzisa ukugcinwa kwamandla ebhethri kanye nobuchwepheshe be-inverter. Ngesikhathi sokuhlehla, i-UPS iyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngomthwalo osuka kumthombo we-AC kuyilapho i-conditioning voltage (kumadizayini okuguqulwa okuku-inthanethi akabili-) noma ishintshela kumandla webhethri ngaphakathi kwama-millisecond angu-4-8 (kumadizayini asebenzisanayo).

Ngokuvikela ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kuphela, amasistimu e-UPS avame ukuba nobukhulu futhi abizayo. Ukuhamba ngebhethri ngesikhathi semicimbi ye-sag kunciphisa impilo yebhethri, kukhuphule izindleko zokulungisa. Izixazululo ze-UPS zisebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ukuvikelwa kokuphazamiseka nakho kuyadingeka, noma emithwalweni emincane lapho umnotho we-UPS unengqondo.

Indawo-Izixazululo Zezinga

Ukufaka amadivaysi okulungisa i-voltage sag ezindaweni zamaqhinga-ekungeneni kwesevisi, amaphaneli okusabalalisa, noma izilawuli zomshini ezingazodwana{1}}kunikeza ukuvikeleka okuqondiwe. Indawo efanele incike kumthombo we-sag, ukuzwela komthwalo, kanye nezomnotho.

Ezinsizeni ezinemithwalo ebucayi eminingi, ukuvikelwa kokungena kwesevisi kuvikela yonke indawo ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo-ekuntengantengayo okuseceleni kodwa akubheki ukuhlehla kwangaphakathi kusukela ekuqalisweni kwezimoto ezinkulu. Izisetshenziswa{2}}zokuvikela ileveli zibiza kancane ngomthwalo ngamunye ovikelwe kodwa zidinga amadivayisi amaningi futhi akuvimbeli ama-sags ukuthi angathinti ezinye izinto zokusebenza ezingavikelekile.

Ukuqapha ikhwalithi yamandla kusiza ukukhomba imvamisa yokuwohloka, ubukhulu, nemithombo ngaphambi kokutshala imali ekunciphiseni. Idatha ebonisa ukuthi u-80% wama-sags asuka emaphutheni ezinsiza uma kuqhathaniswa nemithombo yangaphakathi kuholela kumasu okuvikela ahluke kakhulu. Ukuqapha futhi kusungula izimo eziyisisekelo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinyathelo ngemva kokuqaliswa kokunciphisa.

I-Voltage Sag Ezicelweni Ezikhethekile

Izimboni ezithile zibhekana nezinselele ezihlukile zokuwohloka kwamandla kagesi ezidinga izixazululo ezikhethekile.

Ukukhiqiza I-Semiconductor

Ukwenziwa kwe-chip kudinga amandla ahlanzekile ngokungavamile, azinzile. Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi okukodwa kungonakalisa inqwaba yamawafa abiza izigidi zamaRandi. Indwangu ye-semiconductor ngokuvamile ifaka amasistimu wamandla angasasebenzi ngokushintsha kokudlulisa okusheshayo, ukuvikelwa kwe-DVR kumishini ebalulekile, kanye nezinhlelo ze-UPS zokulawula nezinhlelo zedatha.

Amazinga omkhakha afana ne-SEMI F47 acacisa ukuhamba kwe-voltage sag{1}}ngezidingo zemishini yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor. Amathuluzi kufanele asebenze ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngokusebenzisa amandla kagesi ehle aze afike ku-50% kuze kufike kuma-millisecond angu-200, namajika okubekezelela amaningi emicimbi yesikhathi esifushane.

Izikhungo Zedatha kanye ne-Cloud Computing

Izikhungo zedatha yesimanje zisebenza kokuhlosiwe kokutholakala okungu-99.999%, okusho ukuthi isikhathi sokuphumula saminyaka yonke kufanele sihlale ngaphansi kwamaminithi angu-5.26. Ama-voltage sags amelela usongo olukhulu kulo mgomo. Ama-opharetha amakhulu esikhungo sedatha ngokuvamile asebenzisa izendlalelo eziningi zokuvikela: insiza-izinga lamandla okulinganisa, amasistimu e-UPS wesikhungo, kanye{5}}nezinga lokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi okunesikhathi eside sokubamba{6}}.

Ukushintshela ekusabalaliseni i-DC ephezulu kagesi ezikhungweni zedatha (380V DC uma kuqhathaniswa ne-208V AC evamile) kunikeza ukubekezelelwa kwe-voltage engokwemvelo ngenxa yokuthi amandla kagesi e-DC angakwazi ukugibela ama-AC-ama-side sags ngempumelelo kakhulu kune-AC-kuya{4}ama-DC converter athola ama-input sags.

Izinsiza Zezempilo

Izibhedlela zidinga amandla angaphazanyiswa amasistimu okuphepha empilo-. Nakuba amajeneretha ezimo eziphuthumayo ekhuluma ngokucisha ngokuphelele, awasebenzi ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuze avimbele ukuwohloka kwethonya likagesi. Imishini ebalulekile emakamelweni okuhlinza, ama-imaging suite, namayunithi okunakekela kakhulu adinga ukulungiswa kwe-sag noma ukuvikelwa kwe-UPS ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo.

Imishini yezokwelapha yesimanje iqukethe izilawuli ezisuselwa ku-microprocessor{0}ezizwela kakhulu ekuphazanyisweni kukagesi. Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kungamisa izibonisi zemishini, kubangele idatha yokuxilonga, noma kubangele ukusethwa kabusha kwedivayisi okudinga imizuzu yokubuyisela ukusebenza okugcwele.

Ukuvikelwa kwe-voltage sag ezindaweni ezisebenzisa amasistimu ebhethri le-lithium angu-48V{1}}noma ngabe kuku-eBikes, ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ye-telecom, noma isitoreji samandla avuselelekayo-kudinga ukunakwa kuzo zombili izici zikagesi zamaseli e-lithium{3}}ion kanye namaphrofayela athile omthwalo. Amabhethri anamandla aphezulu (akalwa ngama-amp-emahoreni) ngokwemvelo abonisa ukuwohloka kwe-voltage encane ngaphansi kokudonsa okufanayo kwamanje ngenxa yokuthi umthwalo usatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amaqoqo amaseli ahambisanayo, ehlisa ukusebenza kweseli ngalinye futhi ngenxa yalokho kunciphisa ukumelana nengqikithi yangaphakathi.

Njengoba amasistimu kagesi eba inkimbinkimbi ngokukhiqiza okusatshalaliswayo, okwandayo ukungena okuvuselelekayo, kanye nezishintshayo ezikhulayo, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kuzohlala kuyindaba yekhwalithi yamandla ebalulekile. Inselele iyakhula njengoba ngasikhathi sinye isisetshenziswa sizwela kakhulu ukuphazamiseka futhi sibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni.

Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokunciphisa buyaqhubeka buthuthuka kukho kokubili amandla kanye{0}}nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwezindleko. Ukuthuthuka kwamandla kagesi kunika amandla ukulungiswa kwe-voltage okusebenza kahle kakhulu ngezikhathi zokuphendula ngokushesha. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, ikakhulukazi kumasistimu we-capacitor namabhethri, kunikeza uhambo olude-ubude besikhathi ngezindleko eziphansi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini yekhwalithi yamandla nezinhlelo zegridi ehlakaniphile kuvumela izimpendulo ezihlanganisiwe kuwo wonke amadivayisi amaningi kanye nokubikezela okungcono kokuthi ukuhlehla kuzokwenzeka nini futhi kuphi.

Ezinhlanganweni ezihlola ubungozi bokwehla kwamandla kagesi, indawo yokuqala kufanele kube ukuqonda ikhwalithi yangempela yamandla endaweni yazo ngokuqapha. Idatha yemboni ejwayelekile mayelana nemvamisa ye-sag inikeza inani elilinganiselwe ngoba indawo ngayinye ihlangabezana nezimo ezihlukile ngokusekelwe ekuxhumekeni kwayo, imithwalo yangaphakathi, nokuzwela kwemishini. Ukuqapha izinsuku ezingama-30-90 kuthwebula izimo ezijwayelekile futhi kuhlonze ukukhubazeka okuthile ukuze kubhekwane nokunciphisa okuhlosiwe kunezindlela zokuvikela ingubo.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-voltage sag ne-voltage drop?

I-Voltage sag umcimbi wesikhashana othatha ama-millisecond kuya kumasekhondi azilungisayo. Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kusho-ekuncishisweni okungaguquki kwamandla kagesi okwenzeka kumakhondatha ngenxa yokumelana nokugeleza kwamanje. Ukwehla kwe-voltage kuhlala njalo ngesikhathi sokulayisha futhi kubhekwana nokulinganisa okufanele kokhondatha ngesikhathi sokuklanywa kwesistimu. I-Voltage sag umcimbi wekhwalithi yamandla aguqukayo odinga okokusebenza kokuvikela ukuze kwehliswe.

Ingabe amathuluzi kagesi angawohloka unomphela?

Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi akuvamisile ukubangela umonakalo unomphela ngoba ugesi uhlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele evamile. Kodwa-ke, ukusabela kwesisetshenziswa ekuncipheni-ukuvalwa okungazelelwe, ukuqalisa kabusha ama-inrush currents, ukulandelana kokulawula okonakele{2}}kungabangela umonakalo ngokungaqondile. Imicimbi ye-sag ephindaphindwayo isheshisa ukuguga koxhumana nabo, ama-relay, nama-motor windings. Umthelela omkhulu wezomnotho uvela ekulahlekeni kokukhiqiza, inkohlakalo yedatha, nokubambezeleka kokuqala kabusha kunezindleko zokushintshwa kwemishini.

Ngazi kanjani uma indawo yami inenkinga ye-voltage sag?

Izimpawu zibandakanya uhambo lwemishini engachazwanga, ukuma kolayini wokukhiqiza okuzikhululayo, ukuphahlazeka kwamakhompuyutha, ukucwayiza kokukhanyisa ngesikhathi kuqaliswa izinjini, kanye nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe kumasistimu okulawula. Ukuqapha ikhwalithi yamandla kunikeza izimpendulo eziqondile ngokuthwebula nokuveza imicimbi ye-sag ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma okokusebenza okuzwelayo kuhamba kodwa ukuhlolwa kukagesi kungabonisi amaphutha, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kuyimbangela engenzeka.

Ingabe amaphaneli elanga namasistimu ebhethri ayasiza noma alimaza izinkinga zokuwohloka kwamandla kagesi?

Isizukulwane esisabalalisiwe njengelanga singasiza futhi silimaze kuye ngokusetshenziswa. Uma igridi-i-inverter exhunyiwe ihlelelwe ukuthi ihambe ngama-voltage sags ngokwezinga le-IEEE 1547, angasiza ukusekela i-voltage phakathi nama-sags ngokujova i-reactive current. Kodwa-ke, ama-inverter amadala anqamula ngesikhathi se-sags angenza inkinga ibe yimbi ngokususa isizukulwane lapho sidingeka. Amasistimu esitoreji samandla ebhethri anezilawuli ezifanele anganciphisa ukuntengantenga ngokufaka amandla angempela nasebenzayo phakathi nemicimbi, kodwa kuphela uma yakhelwe le njongo ngokukhethekile kunamandla alula ayisipele.

Kungani ibhethri lami le-48V eBike libonisa ukushaja kodwa amandla angekho?

Le nkinga evamile ibangelwa ukuwohloka kwe-voltage ku-Ibhethri ye-lithium engu-48vngesikhathi sokudonsa okuphezulu kwamanje. Ibhethri ingase ibonise i-voltage yokuphumula engu-45V (ekhombisa ukushajwa okungu-30-40%), kodwa ngaphansi komthwalo i-voltage ihlehla ngaphansi kwendawo yokunqamuka yesilawuli engu-40-42V, okubangela ukuvala shaqa. Ukunciphisa amaleveli omsizi we-pedal noma ukuvumela ibhethri ukuthi liphumule isikhashana kuvumela i-voltage ukuthi ilulame ngokwanele ukuze iqhubeke nokugibela.