Izindleko Zangempela Zokuthola Ukuphila Kwebhethri Okungalungile
Uma iphekhi ye-48V LFP esikhungweni sokusabalalisa amashifu ama-3 ifa izinyanga eziyi-18 ngaphambi kosuku oluqagelwe lokushintshwa, izindleko zokushintshwa okuqondile ziyi-invoyisi yokuqala kuphela. Kukhona isikhathi sokuphumula esingahleliwe, ukuthengwa kwempahla ngokushesha ngamanani entengo ephezulu, kanye nombuzo ongezansi wokuthiimodeli ye-TCO yemikhumbiyakhelwe ekuqageleni okungavikeleki noma ezinombolweni zokumaketha. Emisebenzini eminingi-eqhuba izinsuku ezingu-300+ ngonyaka, ukubala okungalungile okukodwa kobude bempilo yebhethri ye-forklift kungadlulela ekulahlekeni kwezibalo eziyisihlanu- noma eziyisithupha{4}eziyisithupha esikhathini sokuphila kwendiza.
Inkinga ejulile ukuthi "ubude bokuphila" busho idethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi emisiwe. Eqinisweni, ukuthi ibhethri ye-forklift kagesi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani kuwumsebenzi wamakhemikhali, izimo zokusebenza, nemikhuba yokushaja yansuku zonke, konke kusebenzisana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Iphakethe-le-asidi eliholayo kanye nephakethe le-lithium le-LFP elihlezi esitezi esisodwa se-warehouse lizoguga ngamanani ahluke kakhulu, ngenxa yezizathu ze-electrochemical ezihluke kakhulu. Imboni isishintshile ngokufanele: amabhethri e-lithium-i-ion manje alinganiselwa ku-40–50% wemakethe yebhethri ye-forklift yomhlaba wonke ngemali engenayo, esuka ngaphansi kwama-20% eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Lolo shintsho lwaluqhutshwa yizibalo ze-TCO, hhayi ukumaketha (Inhlangano Yamaloli Yezimboni). Kodwa isikhathi eside esingase sibe khona akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ubude bangempela bude. Igebe phakathi kwezinombolo zedatha nemiphumela yenkambu yilapho imali eningi imoshwa khona.
Lesi sihloko sihlukanisa izinto eziguquguqukayo ezithile ezinquma ubude bempilo yebhethri ye-forklift ezimweni zangempela ze-warehouse, hhayi izimo zaselabhorethri, futhi ibeka ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze usondele ku-10,000 noma ngaphezulu imijikelezo yokushaja ngobuchwepheshe be-LiFePO4.
I-Lead-Acid vs. Lithium-Ion: Forklift Battery Lifespan by the Numbers
Ngaphambi kokungena kumasu okuthuthukisa, kuyasiza ukusungula isisekelo. Amakhemistri amabhethri amabili ahamba phambili emakethe ye-forklift namuhla, umthofu ogcwele-i-asidi ne-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4/LFP), athatha izikhundla ezihluke kakhulu ku-spectrum yokuphila.
| Ipharamitha | Umthofu Okhukhulayo{0}}I-Acid | I-LiFePO4 (LFP) I-Lithium |
|---|---|---|
| Impilo yomjikelezo ojwayelekile (kuya ku-80% wokugcinwa komthamo) | 1,000–1,500 imijikelezo | 3,000–6,000+ imijikelezo |
| Impilo yekhalenda (iminyaka,{0}}umsebenzi wokushintsha okukodwa) | Iminyaka engu-3-5 | Iminyaka engu-8-15 |
| Ukujula okuphezulu okunconyiwe kokukhipha | 50% (ukujula ngebhayisikili kusheshisa ukucwenga) | I-80% (isakhiwo sekristalu ye-olivine esizinzile sibekezelela ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okujulile) |
| Isikhathi sokushaja (umjikelezo ogcwele) | 8–10 amahora + 6–8 amahora ukupholisa phansi | Amahora angu-1-2, akukho ukupholisa okudingekayo |
| Umthelela wokushaja kwethuba | Yehlisa ubude bempilo ngo-10–20% | Umthelela omncane; empeleni inganweba isibalo somjikelezo ngokunciphisa i-DOD emaphakathi |
| Izidingo zesondlo | Ukunisela njalo ngemijikelezo engu-5-10, izindleko zokulinganisa, ukuhlanza i-asidi | Ukulungisa ngempela{{0}mahhala (i-BMS-iphethwe) |
Lawa amabanga-okuvumelana, hhayi izibalo zokumaketha. OkwangempelaUkuphila kwebhethri ye-forklift ye-lithium vs lead acidkunoma yikuphi ukusebenza okukhethekile kuzoncika kakhulu ezintweni okuxoxwe ngazo esigabeni esilandelayo. Kodwa igebe lesakhiwo lingokoqobo: Isakhiwo se-olivine cathode se-LFP simelana ngokwemvelo nezinqubo zokuwohloka, ikakhulukazi ukukhula kongqimba lwe-SEI nokulahlekelwa okusebenzayo kwe-lithium, okunciphisa umthofu{1}}i-asidi kanye namanye amakhemikhali e-lithium njenge-NMC.
I-nuance eyodwa okufanele ihlatshwe umkhosi: akuwona wonke amabhethri e-lithium forklift ayi-LFP. Amanye amaphekhi{1}ezindleko aphansi asebenzisa amaseli e-NMC (nickel manganese cobalt), anikeza ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kodwa impilo yomjikelezo emifushane kakhulu, ngokuvamile imijikelezo engu-1,500–2,500 ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Okubambekayo ukuthi i-NMC-kuya{8}}ukushintshwa kwe-LFP akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Amaphrofayili e-voltage, izimiso zokuxhumana ze-BMS, nezici zesimo somzimba ziyehluka, yingakho amaphrojekthi okubuyisela kabusha adinga ubunjiniyela bezinga lephakethe kunokushintshaniswa kwamaseli okulula. Uma umphakeli ecaphuna "i-lithium{12}}i-ion" ngaphandle kokucacisa i-cathode chemistry, lowo mehluko ubaluleke kakhulu{13}}okulindeleke isikhathi eside sebhethri ye-forklift.
Izinto Ezinhlanu Ezinquma Ukuthi Ibhethri Lakho Le-Forklift Lihlala Isikhathi Engakanani
Izilinganiso zokuphila komjikelezo kuma-database zikalwa ngaphansi kwezimo zaselabhorethri ezilawulwayo: izinga lokushisa le-ambient elingu-25 degree, izinga lokushaja elingu-1C/lokukhipha, kanye nokujula okungu-80% kokukhishwa. Izitolo zangempela zephula okungenani ezimbili zalezo zimo nsuku zonke. Nazi izinto ezinhlanu eziguquguqukayo ezinquma kakhulu ubude bempilo yomjikelezo webhethri ye-forklift ekusebenzeni, zibalwa ngomthelela.
Ukujula kokukhishwa yi-lever eyodwa enkulu kunazo zonke.
Iphuzu ngalinye lephesenti le-DOD libalulekile. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile (25℃, 0.5C rate), iseli ye-LFP ekhishelwe ku-100% DOD kuwo wonke umjikelezo ngokuvamile izoletha cishe imijikelezo engu-2,500–3,000 ku-80% wokugcina umthamo. Khawulela lokho kukhishwa ku-80% DOD, ushiye u-20% endaweni ebekiwe, futhi impilo yomjikelezo inganwebeka ibe ngu-5,000 noma ngaphezulu. Yehlela ku-50% DOD futhi abanye abakhiqizi babika ubude bempilo obusebenzisekayo obudlula imijikelezo engu-8,000 (Ijenali Yemithombo Yamandla). Ubudlelwano abukho emgqeni; ukuncishiswa kokuqala kwama-20% ku-DOD kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ngokungenakulinganiswa.
Empeleni, opharetha bezindlu zokugcina impahla abavamile ukudedela ekujuleni okulinganayo. UMsombuluko ungabona u-85% we-DOD ngosuku lokuthumela olusindayo, kuyilapho uLwesibili lufinyelela ku-40%. I-BMS ilokha umjikelezo ngamunye ngokwengxenye, kodwa ukucindezelwa okukhulayo kuncike ekusabalaliseni. Ukuze uhlele ngokucophelela, yenza imodeli ye-DOD yemikhumbi yakho emaphakathi ku-70–75%. Lokhu kukhombisa{8}}amaphethini ashintshiwe endlu yokugcina izinto axubile futhi kunikeza umjikelezo wempilo ovikeleke kakhudlwana kunokusebenzisa amanani{9}}aphezulu okukhishwa kwezinsuku.
Izinga lokushaja nesu lidala-umthelela omkhulu wesibili esikhathini sempilo yebhethri ye-forklift.
Ukushaja okuphezulu-kwezinga elingu-C (ngaphezulu kuka-1C) kudala ukushisa kwangaphakathi, kusheshisa ukuwohloka kwe-electrode, futhi kukhulisa ukucindezeleka kokusebenza esakhiweni seseli. Ukushaja kokuthi 0.3C–0.5C kuthambile ngokuphawulekayo, kodwa kumbalwa ukusebenza kwe-warehouse okunethezeka yamafasitela ashaja amahora angu-4. Indawo ethokozisayo yamaphakethe amaningi e-LFP forklift ngu-0.5C–0.7C, eletha ukushaja okugcwele cishe emahoreni angu-2 kuyilapho igcina ingcindezi eshisayo ilawuleka.
Ukushaja kwethuba, ukukhuphuka okufushane{0}ngesikhathi sekhefu kunokukhipha ngokugcwele{1}}kanye{2}}nomjikelezo wokushajwa, kulapho i-lithium ihlukana khona-ne-asidi yomthofu. Kumabhethri omthofu{{2}e-asidi, ukushajwa kwamathuba kuphazamisa{3}}umjikelezo wokushaja/wokupholisa odingekayo ogcwele futhi kunganciphisa ubude bempilo ngo-10–20%. Ku-LFP, okuphambene kuyiqiniso. Ngenxa yokuthi amaseli e-lithium awanawo umthelela wenkumbulo futhi imijikelezo eyingxenye ibala ngokulinganayo, ukukhuphuka kusuka ku-40% kuya ku-80% ngesikhathi sekhefu lesidlo sasemini empeleni kunciphisa i-DOD emaphakathi ngomjikelezo ngamunye, okwandisa inani eliphelele lomjikelezo. Imisebenzi esebenzisa{11}}amashejuli amashifu amaningi anokushajwa kwamathuba ngokuvamile abona izinombolo zesikhathi sebhethri ze-forklift ezingcono kunalezo eziphoqelela imijikelezo yokushajwa ngokugcwele{12}}kanye ngosuku.
Kulezi zici ezinhlanu, izinga lokushisa yilona okwenziwa imisebenzi eminingi kancane kuze kube yilapho kukhona okungahambi kahle.
Amaseli e-LFP asebenza kahle kakhulu phakathi kuka-15℃no-35℃(59℃F–95℃F). Ngaphezulu kwamadigri angu-40 , ukuguga kwekhalenda, ukuwohloka okwenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhamba ngebhayisikili, kushesha cishe ngo-2–3x uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokushisa legumbi. Ngaphansi kuka-0 degree, ingozi yangempela iyashaja: i-lithium plating ingenzeka uma amaseli ekhokhiswa{10}}ezimo ezingaphansi{10}}ngaphandle kokushisisa{11}}kwangaphambili, okubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okungenakulungiseka okungekho i-algorithm ye-BMS engalulama (Journal of The Electrochemical Society).
Izindawo zokugcina ezibandayokufanele ukunakwa okukhethekile lapha. Ku-–20℃, ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri-ye-asidi kungase kwehle kuze kufike ku-45%. I-LFP ihamba kangcono kakhulu. Imithombo yezimboni eziningi kanye nezilinganiso zethu zenkambu kuwo wonke amakhaza{6}okusetshenziswa kochungechunge kubonisa cishe u-80–90% womthamo wokukhipha olinganiselwe ogcinwe ku- -20℃. Kodwa ukushaja kuleyo ndawo ngaphandle kwe-heater yebhethri edidiyelwe yilapho ukuwohloka kwebhethri ye-forklift kubangela khona kube kubi. Amaphakethe e-LFP esitoreji sanamuhla esibandayo{12}axazulula lokhu ngezinto zokushisisa ze-PTC ezifudumeza amaseli ezingeni lokushisa eliphephile lokushaja ngaphambi kokugeleza kwamanje. Uma uhlola amaphekhi endawo yesiqandisi futhi ishidi lokucaciswayo alikhulumi ngesistimu yokushisisa edidiyelwe, lokho akulona igebe lesici - kuyingcuphe yesikhathi sempilo yesakhiwo.
Ukungaguquguquki kweseli-kuya{1}kuseli ngaphakathi kwephakethe lebhethri into yesine, futhi leyo cishe engekho umhlahlandlela wezimbangi exoxa ngayo.
Iphakethe lebhethri le-forklift liqukethe inqwaba noma amakhulu amaseli angawodwana anentambo ochungechungeni. Impilo yomjikelezo wephekhi iyonke ikhawulelwe iseli layo elibuthaka kakhulu. Uma ingqamuzana elilodwa linokumelana okuphakeme kwangaphakathi noma amandla aphansi kunomakhelwane balo, i-BMS kufanele ihlale iphambukisa amandla ukuze igcine amangqamuzana elinganisene, futhi lelo ngqamuzana elibuthaka lizowohloka ngokushesha, lehlisele phansi sonke isimo sempilo yephakethe.
Esigabeni sokukhiqiza, lo ngumbuzo wokuhlelwa kwamaseli nokumatanisa. Abakhiqizi bebhethri ye-premium bahlela amaseli abe ngaphakathi komthamo ongu-2-3% kanye nokubekezelela ukumelana kwangaphakathi ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa iphakethe. Abakhiqizi bezindleko eziphansi-bangase bamukele ukubekezelelwa kuka-10–15% noma ngaphezulu, okugcina izindleko zokukhiqiza kodwa okudala iwashi eliphawulayo: phakathi kwemijikelezo engu-1,000–2,000, ukungafani kuyakhula, futhi iseli elibuthaka liba ibhodlela. Lesi esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani amaphekhi amabili e-LFP afanayo, umthamo ofanayo, ikhemistri efanayo, isilinganiso esifanayo somjikelezo wegama, angahluka kakhulu ekuqineni kwangempela komhlaba{12}.
Ukudlidliza nokucindezeleka komshini kuzungeza amahlanu aphezulu.
Ama-Forklift akhiqiza ukudlidliza okukhulu kunezimoto zabagibeli noma amasistimu okugcina amile. Ngaphezulu kwezinkulungwane zamahora okusebenza, lokho kucindezeleka komshini kuqeda amabhasi ashiselwe, kuxegise uxhumo lwebhawodi, futhi kungabangela ukukhukhuleka kwenzwa ye-BMS. Akukho kulokhu kwehluleka okubonakala ekuhlolweni komjikelezo welebhu, kodwa kuyimbangela evamile yokwehluleka kwephekhi ngaphambi kwesikhathi ensimini. Ukwakhiwa kwephekhi eliqinile - oxhumano olushiselwe (hhayi crimped), ukudlidliza-okuncishisiwe kwe-BMS okukhwezwayo, kanye nezilinganiso ze-IP65+ ze-enclosure - kuyimfuneko yempilo yebhethri ye-forklift ende -kumisebenzi yamashift amaningi.
Okudingekayo Ngempela Ukuze Ushaye Imijikelezo engu-10,000
Lesi sigaba yilapho siphuma khona endaweni engumhlahlandlela futhi singene kudatha yobunjiniyela be-Polinovel.
Isimangalo esithi "10,{1}} somjikelezo" esivela kwamanye amadatha ebhethri e-LFP forklift singokoqobo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Lezo zimo yilezi: I-DOD ebanjwa noma engaphansi kuka-80%, ishaja ku-0.3C–0.5C, izinga lokushisa le-ambient ligcinwa phakathi kuka-20℃no-30℃, kanye neseli-kuya{9}}ukungaguquguquki kweseli ngaphakathi kuka-3% ekuhlanganisweni kwephakethe. Ngaphansi kwalawo mapharamitha, ukwakheka kwekristalu ye-olivine ye-LFP izinze ngempela ngokwanele ukugcina umthamo ongu-80% edlule{15}}imijikelezo engu-10,000 egcwele{15}okulingana. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kuIjenali Yemithombo Yamandlaukuqinisekisile ukuthi ukucekelwa phansi kwe-LFP cathode kuhamba kancane kakhulu uma kusebenza ngaphakathi kwale mvilophu.
Kodwa igebe phakathi kwaleyo mvilophu yokuhlola kanye nendlu yokugcina impahla kulapho abakhiqizi abathembekile bezihlukanisa khona-nezimbangi eziqhutshwa ukukhangisa. Isikhungo sokusabalalisa amashifu angu-3-e-Phoenix, lapho amazinga okushisa endlu yempahla yasehlobo evamise ukweqa ama-degree angu-40, ngeke abone ukubala komjikelezo ofanayo nezinga lokushisa{6}}lendawo yemithi elawulwayo e-Netherlands. Umsebenzi obandayo-e-Minnesota oshaja amabhethri ngaphakathi kwe- -15℃freezer ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe bokushisisa ngaphambilini kuzobona i-lithium plating phakathi nonyaka wokuqala.
Ekuhloleni kwethu kwangaphakathi kuzo zonke izilungiselelo zamaphekhi e-LFP amaningi, amaphekhi akhiwe Ngaphansi noma alingana no-3% weseli-kuya{2}}ukubekezelela amaseli abonise cishe u-1.5x ukuya ku-2x isibalo somjikelezo ngaphambi kokufinyelela ku-80% SOH uma kuqhathaniswa namaphekhi akhiwe Ngaphansi noma alingana no-12% wokubekezelela, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingu-85 ze-DOD, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingu-25 ze-DOD, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingu-05 ze-DOD. isilinganiso sokushaja). Idathasethi ephelele iyatholakala kulabo abazoba amakhasimende uma uyicela. Ubukhulu begebe yibo obubalulekile ekuhleleni: ukungaguquguquki kweseli akuyona into "enhle ukuba nayo" yekhwalithi. Kuyisinqumo sesakhiwo sokuthi ingabe iphekhi yakho ifinyelela imijikelezo eyi-4,000 noma eyi-8,000.
Kukhona futhi okuhlukile cishe awekho amakheli wokuqukethwe abhekene-nomphakathi:Ikhwalithi ye-algorithm ye-BMS. Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri alugcini nje ngokugada. Kwenza{2}}izinqumo zesikhathi sangempela mayelana ne-charge cutoff voltage, isu lokulinganisa iseli, ukuncishiswa kwe-thermal, nokuphathwa kwewindi le-SOC. Amaphekhi amabili anamaseli afanayo kodwa i-firmware ye-BMS ehlukile ingahluka ngo-20% noma ngaphezulu -empilo yomjikelezo wesikhathi eside, ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni kwethu okuqhathanisayo kukho konke ukulungiselelwa kwe-BMS. Amanye amasu e-BMS abeka phambili umthamo omkhulu osebenzisekayo kuwo wonke umjikelezo (okuyinto opharetha abayithandayo, ngoba isikhathi sokusebenza ngenkokhiso ngayinye siyandiswa) ngenani lokuwohloka ngokushesha. Abanye badela u-5–10% womthamo osebenzisekayo ngokunciphisa iwindi le-SOC, okunweba kakhulu ubude besikhathi sephekhi. Iphakethe{11}}eliklanywe kahle le-LFP ukuze lisetshenziswe endlini yokugcina impahla kufanele lisebenzise iwindi le-SOC elisebenzayo elicishe libe ngu-10–90%, lidele cishe u-10% womthamo we-nameplate ukuze lishintshe ukuphila komjikelezo owandisiwe. Uma umphakeli efuna i-SOC engu-100% esebenzisekayo ngaphandle kwe-tradeoff yokuphila komjikelezo, lokho kuphathe njengefulegi elibomvu.
Ngezinjongo zokumodela ze-TCO: izindawo zokugcina izimpahla-ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezingashadile- noma eziphindwe kabili-ezinokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa okunengqondo zizofeza ngokweqiniso imijikelezo engu-4,000–5,000 ukusuka kuphakethe lekhwalithi ye-LFP ngaphambi kokufinyelela ku-80% SOH. Lokho kakade kumelela ukuthuthukiswa okungu-3x–4x kune-asidi{11}yomthofu. Ukusebenza okuphatha ngokuqinile i-DOD, ukusebenzisa ithuba lokushaja, nokutshalwa kwephakethe elifaniswe ngokuqinile kungaphushela ubude bempilo yebhethri ye-forklift ebangeni lomjikelezo ongu-6,000–8,{16}}. Ezindaweni ezinokushisa okwedlulele noma{18}}izingqinamba zomjikelezo, ezifana 3-nama-shift aqhubekayo, izindawo ezibandayo{27}}ezingamaketango, noma amazinga okushisa aqhubekayo angaphezu kuka-35 degrees , azenzi imodeli ku-10,000. Ibhajethi kokungu-4,000, qinisekisa ngedatha yasendle, futhi ulungise phezulu uma izimo zivuma. Uma udinga ukuqagela komjikelezo wesayithi othize wemodeli ye-TCO, ithimba lethu lonjiniyela bohlelo lingasebenzisa ukuhlaziya ngokuqhathanisa nemingcele yokusebenza yesikhungo sakho.
Amaphutha Avamile Abulala Ibhethri Lakho Le-Forklift Kusenesikhathi
Ngemva kokugunyaza nokunikeza isevisi amaphakethe e-forklift e-LFP ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina izimpahla, amaphethini athile okuhluleka aphinde abuye ngokujwayelekile. Lezi akuzona izingozi zethiyori. Amaphutha athile afinyeza ubude bempilo yebhethri ye-forklift ensimini.
Ishaja ezindaweni{0}}ezingaphansi kweziro ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kokushisa.
Lona umkhuba owodwa olimaza kakhulu esihlangabezana nawo-emisebenzini ebandayo. Uma iseli le-LFP lishajwa ngaphansi kwedigri engu-0, ipuleti le-lithium ions endaweni ye-anode esikhundleni sokuhlangana esakhiweni segraphite. Le plating ye-lithium ayibuyiseleki emuva. Kwehlisa umthamo unomphela, kwenyusa ukumelana nangaphakathi, futhi ezimeni ezinzima kungadala izingozi zangaphakathi{5}}ezifushane.
Sibone amaphekhi alinganiselwe angu-4,000+ imijikelezo elahlekelwa ngu-35% womthamo wawo phakathi nemijikelezo engu-800 ngenxa yokuthi opharetha bebexhuma amashaja kumabhethri ahlezi ngaphakathi kwe- -10℃freezer bay. Ukulungisa kuqondile: sebenzisa amaphekhi anama-heaters e-PTC ahlanganisiwe afudumeza amaseli okungenani afike ku-5℃ngaphambi kokwamukela inkokhiso yamanje, kanye ne-BMS evimba ukushaja ngaphansi komkhawulo ophephile. Ukulungiswa kufanele kuklanywe ezingeni lephakethe. Ukubuyisela kabusha ukuvikelwa kokushisa ngemva kokuthunyelwa akuvamile ukuba kusebenze. Uma ufaneleka{10}}iphekhi ye-LFP ebandayo, cela umphakeli ukuthi abonise umkhawulo wokuvala inkokhelo ye-BMS emibhalweni yakhe yokuhlola, hhayi nje ukusho ukuthi ikhona.
Ukukhishwa okujulile okujwayelekile ngaphansi kuka-10% SOC.
Abanye o-opharetha baqhuba ama-forklift kuze kube yilapho umshini uzivala wona, okuyinto evame ukwenzeka ku-5% SOC noma ngaphansi. Kulokhu kujula okwedlulele, amaseli angawodwana angakwazi ukubuyisela emuva-i-polarity, okubangele ukuncibilika kwethusi kusuka kuqoqo lamanje le-anode elifaka kusihlukanisi futhi lidale amashort-amancane. Iseli elilodwa-elikhishiwe ngaphezulu-kuchungechunge lwamaseli angu-16{12} linganciphisa umthamo osebenzisekayo wephekhi ngo-25–30%. Umthetho oqondile: gcwalisa kabusha lapho inkomba ye-SOC ifika ku-20%. Ezindaweni lapho o-opharetha behlala bekushaya indiva lokhu, i-BMS ene-voltage cutoff ephoqelelwe{15}ku-10% we-SOC ukuphela kwesivikelo esithembekile. Ngesikhathi sokuthenga, qinisekisa ukuthi i-BMS iphoqelela lokhu kunqanyulwa njengesivikelo sezinga lehadiwe, hhayi nje isexwayiso sesofthiwe opharetha abangasibhala ngaphezulu.
Ukusebenzisa amashaja{0}e-asidi omthofu kumaphakethe e-lithium.
Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi kunanoma yimuphi umphathi wezisetshenziswa afuna ukukuvuma, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zezinguquko lapho umkhumbi wezimoto usuka ku-lead-i-asidi uya ku-lithium. Amashaja omthofu-asebenzisa-iphrofayela yesiteji esiningi enesigaba sokulinganisa sokugcina ku-voltage ephakeme, ngokuvamile engu-2.7–2.8V ngeseli ngokwesisekelo esingu-2V, esiphushela ngaphezu kwamandla kagesi wokunqanyulwa kweshajile ephephile kumaseli e-LFP (3.65V ngeseli). Ukushajwa ngokweqile okungapheli okuvela kuphrofayela engafanele kusheshisa ukubola kwe-electrolyte futhi kungaphushela amaseli ezindaweni zokucindezeleka okushisayo. Njalo qinisekisa ukuhambisana kweshaja, futhi usebenzise kahle amashaja{10}} anokuxhumana kwebhasi kwe-CAN{10}}exhawulana ngokuqondile ne-BMS ukuze kuphoqelelwe ijika elilungile le-CC{11}}le-CV.
Ukuziba isimo sokuqapha impilo.
Amaphakethe amaningi e-LFP anamapulatifomu esimanje e-BMS angena idatha ye-SOH ngokuqhubekayo: ukufiphala kwamandla, ukuthambekela kokumelana kwangaphakathi, amamethrikhi okungalingani kwamaseli. Le datha ikhona. Kodwa ngenani elimangalisayo lemisebenzi, akekho oyibhekayo kuze kube yilapho ibhethri lihluleka ngokuphelele. Ukuqapha okusebenzayo kwe-SOH kukuvumela ukuthi ubambe izimpawu zakuqala zokuwohloka kwebhethri ye-forklift, iseli elilodwa eliphuma ebhalansini, izinga lokwehla kwamandla elidlula amajika ajwayelekile okuguga, ngaphambi kokuba zehlele ekuhlulekeni kwephakethe. Izibuyekezo zekota ze-SOH zincane; inyanga nenyanga ingcono{4}kumisebenzi yomjikelezo ophezulu. Lapho uhlola abahlinzeki bebhethri, buza ukuthi ingabe i-BMS yabo iyakusekela ukuthunyelwa kwedatha ye-SOH okukude noma idinga-impahla yokuxilonga yesayithi. Umehluko unquma ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuqapha impilo yebhethri{8}ebanzi ukusuka kudeshibhodi noma udinga uchwepheshe kuwo wonke umshini.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Ukuphila Kwebhethri Le-Forklift: Nsuku zonke, Ngenyanga, Nonyaka
Ukuhumusha yonke into engenhla iyenze isebenze, nasi isikhathi-sesikhathini{0}}sokunakekela okuhleliwe nohlaka lokuqapha olulinganiselwe amaphakethe e-LFP ane-BMS esebenzayo.
Njalo shift
Qinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri ye-forklift ye-SOC ingaphezulu kuka-20% ngaphambi kokuxhuma ishaja. Uma iphekhi inenkomba ye-SOC yedeshibhodi, opharetha kufanele baloge ukuqala-kwevelu ye-SOC yokushaja.
Ukuqala amashaji angaphansi kuka-15% e-SOC abonisa ibhethri elingaphansi noma iphethini yokusebenza (ubude bomzila, isisindo somthwalo) edinga ukulungiswa.
Futhi qinisekisa ukuthi uxhumo lweshaja luvikelekile. Ukuthintana kwezikhawu phakathi nokushaja kudala ama-voltage spikes i-BMS engase ingabhafa ngokugcwele.
Maviki onke (noma njalo ngamahora okusebenza angama-50)
Hlola isibonisi se-BMS noma imbobo yokuxilonga ukuze uthole isimo sebhalansi yeseli. Uma noma iyiphi iseli eyodwa ichezuka ngaphezu kuka-50mV esilinganisweni sephakethe ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ingase ibonise inkinga yangaphambi kwesikhathi yokungaguquguquki.
Ezindaweni ezibandayo, qinisekisa ukuthi isistimu yokushisisa{0}}yangaphambili yephekhi iyasebenza ngaphambi kwemicimbi yokushaja. Abanye o-opharetha bakhubaza amasekhethi heater ukuze wonge amandla, bengaqapheli umthelela ongezansi wokuthi unganweba kanjani impilo yebhethri ye-forklift ezinhlelweni zesiqandisi.
Nyanga zonke
Donsa idatha yethrendi ye-SOH kusuka ku-BMS. Qhathanisa umthamo wamanje (Ah ngezinga lokukhishwa elijwayelekile) ngokuqhathaniswa nomthamo wesisekelo kusukela ekusetshenzisweni.
Ukuguga okuvamile kwe-LFP yephakethe eliphethwe kahle cishe kungu-1–3% wokulahlekelwa umthamo ngemijikelezo engu-500. Uma izinga likhuphuka kakhulu, phenya izimbangela eziyinhloko: izingodo zezinga lokushisa elizungezile, i-DOD evamile, umlando wezinga lokushaja.
Futhi hlola ukuxhumana kwangaphandle namatheminali ukuze kutholwe ukugqwala noma ukuxega kwemishini. Ukudlidliza kwe-Forklift kusebenza ngokumelene nawe ngokuqhubekayo.
Minyaka yonke - inkomba yakho yokushintsha ibhethri ye-forklift
Yenza ukuhlolwa komthamo ogcwele ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo (izinga elingu-C-elijwayelekile, izinga lokushisa elaziwayo).
Uma iphekhi ingaphansi kuka-85% SOH ngemva konyaka wokuqala, umzila wokuwohloka uphakamisa izinkinga ezingeke{1}}zizilungise ngokwazo.
Hlangana-nereferensi yenguqulo ye-firmware ye-BMS futhi uqinisekise ukuthi iphekhi isebenzisa ama-algorithms okulinganisa akamuva. Isibuyekezo se-firmware esivela kumkhiqizi kwesinye isikhathi singabuyisa umthamo osebenzayo ongu-2–3% ngokulungiselela iwindi le-SOC.
Kumaphekhi e-Polinovel, landa iphrothokholi yethu yokuhlola umthamo we-SOH ojwayelekile kusuka ku-ikhasi lomkhiqizo webhethri ye-forklift kagesi. Kumashejuli okugcina i-asidi yomthofu, i-Polinovel ishicilela iphrothokholi ehlukile; xhumana nethimba lethu ukuze uthole ikhophi.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Q: Ibhethri ye-forklift ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ngokwesilinganiso?
A: Amabhethri-e-asidi yeforklift ngokuvamile ahlala emijikelezweni yokushajwa engu-1,000–1,500, okuhumusheka cishe eminyakeni engu-3–5 ekusebenzeni kweshift eyodwa-. Amabhethri e-LiFePO4 e-lithium aletha imijikelezo engu-3,000–6,{13}} ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwezimboni, okuhlala iminyaka engu-8–15 kuye ngezimo zokusebenza.
Q: Mangaki amahora ibhethri ye-forklift ehlala njalo ngokushajwa?
A: Ibhethri yeforklift ye-LFP egcwele ngokugcwele inikeza amahora angu-6–8 wokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Isikhathi sangempela sokusebenza siyahlukahluka kuye ngesisindo somthwalo, amandla omjikelezo wokushayela, nezinga lokushisa le-ambient. Amabhethri omthofu{{4}e-asidi aletha isikhathi esifanayo sokuqala sokusebenza kodwa alahlekelwa amandla okuphakamisa kancane kancane angaphansi kuka-50% SOC, kuyilapho i-LFP igcina ukukhishwa kwamandla kagesi okungaguquki ngejika eliningi lokuphuma.
Q: Ingabe ukushaja kwamathuba kunciphisa ubude bempilo yebhethri ye-forklift?
A: Nge-asidi-yomthofu, yebo. Inganciphisa impilo yomjikelezo ngo-10-20%. Kumabhethri e-lithium e-LFP, ukushaja kwamathuba kunomthelela omubi omncane futhi empeleni kunganweba inani eliphelele lesibalo somjikelezo ngokunciphisa ukujula okumaphakathi kokukhipha umjikelezo ngamunye.
Q: Iyiphi into enkulu ethinta impilo yebhethri ye-forklift?
A: Ukujula kokukhishwa kunomthelela owodwa omkhulu. Ukunciphisa i-DOD kusuka ku-100% kuya ku-80% kungaba cishe impilo yomjikelezo ophindwe kabili kukhemikhali ye-LFP. Izinga lokushisa nezinga lokushaja yizinto ezilandelayo ezibalulekile. Ukungaguquguquki kwamaseli ezingeni lokukhiqiza kuwukuguquguquka okubalulekile kodwa okuvame ukunganakwa.
Q: Kufanele ngishintshe nini ibhethri lami le-forklift?
IMP: Faka esikhundleni lapho isimo sempilo sehla ngaphansi kwama-80% womthamo olinganiselwe wangempela. Ngaleso sikhathi, isikhathi sokusebenza ngenkokhiso ngayinye siba sifushane ngokuphawulekayo, futhi izinga lokuwohloka ngokuvamile liyashesha. Ngamabhethri e-LFP-asebenza kahle, lo mkhawulo ufinyelelwa ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-3,000–5,{7}}.
Ukukhetha Ibhethri Eliklanyelwe Ukuphila Okuphezulu
Ukuphila kwebhethri le-Forklift akuyona inombolo eyodwa. Kungumphumela oqoqiwe wokukhethwa kwamakhemikhali, ubunjiniyela bephakethe, ubuhlakani be-BMS, kanye nesiyalo sokusebenza sansuku zonke. Ama-opharetha athola impilo ende yesevisi yilabo abaqondayo ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziguquguqukayo abazilawulayo futhi okufanele zenziwe zibe yiphakethe.
Nansi indlela i-Polinovel ephendula ngayo imibuzo emine wonke umphathi wemikhumbi okufanele ayibuze ngaphambi kokusayina i-PO:
Ikhemikhali yeseli nokubekezelelana okufanayo
Ibanga-Amaseli e-LiFePO4, ahlungwe abe Ngaphansi noma alingana nomthamo ongu-3% kanye nokubekezelela ukumelana kwangaphakathi ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwephekhi. Awekho amaseli-ebanga -ahlanganisiwe noma B{5}}kunoma yikuphi ukucushwa kwe-forklift.
Ukusebenza kwewindi le-SOC
I-BMS yethu iphoqelela iwindi le-SOC elisebenzayo elingu-10–90% ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kudela cishe u-10% womthamo we-nameplate kodwa kunikeza impilo yomjikelezo omude ngokulinganisa. Iwindi liyalungiseka kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, kodwa sincoma ukuthi linganwetshwa ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa konjiniyela.
Ukuphathwa okushisayo kwesitoreji esibandayo
Ukushisisa kwe-PTC okudidiyelwe kujwayelekile kukho konke ukulungiselelwa kwebhethri ebandayo ye-Polinovel-chain forklift, ne-BMS{1}}i-BMS ephoqelelwe ukuvala ishaji engaphansi kwezinga lokushisa leseli elingu-5 degree. Hhayi inketho, hhayi ukungezwa{4}}. Yakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Idatha yenkundla
Idatha yempilo yomjikelezo evela ekusetshenzisweni okufanayo iyatholakala ngesicelo. Asikuceli ukuthi uthembe inombolo yedatha. Sihlinzeka ngenkambu-ngezindlela ze-SOH eziqinisekisiwe ezivela emisebenzini efana neyakho.
HlolaUkucushwa kwebhethri ye-forklift kagesi ye-Polinovelukuze ubone ukuthi lezi zinqumo zobunjiniyela zihumusha kanjani ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside, noma ufinyelele konjiniyela bethu bezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze uthole isilinganiso sempilo yomjikelezo ehambisana nezimo ezithile zokusebenza zesikhungo sakho.
