Ibhethri ye-Heavy Duty Forklift: Izinketho Eziphezulu-Zomthamo 500Ah+

Qala ngegebe lokusebenza, hhayi ilebula ye-Ah

Ibhethri le-forklift elisindayo elingaphezu kuka-500Ah liyathetheleleka uma kulinganiswa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, isikhathi sokushaja esithembekile, inani eliphakeme-elidingeka manje, kanye nesisindo esincane sebhethri yeloli asikwazi ukuneliswa iphakethe elincane. Ilebula engu-500Ah iyodwa ayisiqinisekisi leso sidingo.

 

Ukuze uthole ukuthenga, isikrini esisheshayo ukubuza ukuthi yini emisa iloli namuhla. Uma ifika endaweni ebekiwe ye-BMS ngaphambi kwebhulokhi yokugcina yokusebenza, umthamo noma ukushaja kwethuba kungase kube kufushane. Uma iphutha kuphela kumarempu noma uhambo ngasikhathi sinye-kanye{3}}nokuphakamisa imicimbi, umkhawulo kungenzeka ukuthi ukulethwa kwamanje. Uma ukuguqulwa kwe-lithium kulingana ngogesi kodwa iwela ngaphansi-kwesisindo sebhethri lepuleti ledatha, iphrojekthi inenkinga yokulinganisa. Lokhuumsebenzi osindayo webhethri ye-forklift engu-500Ahisikrini sigcina ukwehluleka okuthathu okuhlukene ekuphathweni njengenkinga eyodwa yesikhathi sokusebenza.

 

Okweibhethri ye-forklift esindayo, impendulo iphinde ishintshe ngesayithi. Isikhungo sokusabalalisa ngokuvamile sidinga ukutholakala kwamandla okubikezelwa kuwo wonke amakhefu. Aibhethri ye-forklift yamachweba nezigayo zensimbikumele futhi ibekezelele uhambo olude, ukushaqeka, uthuli, umswakama, ama-gradient, nemicimbi emifushane{0}}yamanje ephezulu. Isitoreji esibandayo sengeza ukusetshenziswa kwehitha kanye nemikhawulo yokushaja{2}}ephansi. Lawa maphrofayili omsebenzi angase aholele ku-560Ah, 630Ah, 690Ah, noma 820Ah+, kodwa inani le-Ah liwumphumela wesibalo, hhayi ukuqagela kwalo kokuqala.

Guqula i-Ah ibe amandla iloli elingawasebenzisa ngempela

Sebenzisa amahora e-kilowatt-ukuqhathanisa umthamo wevolumu efanayo:

Phakathi kuibhethri ye-forklift esindayoukuqhathanisa, isistimu yekilasi engu-80V- ingase isebenzise iphekhi ye-LiFePO4 engu-83.2V okuzisholo ukuthi. Ku-83.2V, 560Ah ilingana no-46.592kWh, 630Ah ilingana no-52.416kWh, futhi 690Ah ilingana no-57.408kWh. Ukuhamba ukusuka ku-560Ah kuya ku-630Ah kwengeza amandla angu-12.5%; I-560Ah kuya ku-690Ah ingeza u-23.2%. Lokhu kugcinwa kwamagamaUkukhetha umthamo webhethri ye-forklift engu-80Vkuqondaniswe nakho kokubili ukuhlelwa kokusesha kanye ne-nameplate yomkhiqizo.

Amandla okuzisholo awumugqa wokuqala kuphela ku-aibhethri ye-forklift esindayoukubala. Khipha okuvikelwe okuphansi kwemikhumbi okuvikelwe-okugciniwe kwe-SOC, ukulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa, ukulahlekelwa umthamo okulindelekile endaweni yewaranti, i-heater nama-axiliary loads, kanye nemajini yezinsuku{2}}zokusebenza okuphezulu. Uma ukusebenza kudla u-40kWh phakathi kwemicimbi yokushaja okuthembekile, iphekhi elingu-46.592kWh lino-6.592kWh kuphela ngaphambi kwanoma yiziphi lezo zibanjwa. Leso isisekelo{8}}samandla esisebenzisekayo sokuqhathanisa ukulungiselelwa kwephekhi.

Sebenzisa izincazelo ezifanayo kuzo zonke izingcaphuno. Cela wonke umphakeli ukuthi asho i-kWh yegama, iwindi le-SOC elisetshenziselwa ukubala i-kWh esebenzisekayo, izinga lokushisa elicatshangwayo leseli, ukuphela-komkhawulo wokuphila, kanye nendawo yokusebenza. Uma kungenjalo, ikhotheshini eyodwa ingase yethule amandla e-nameplate kuyilapho enye iveza amandla asebenzisekayo, okwenza isibalo esiphansi sibonakale sisibi nakakhulu ngisho nalapho ukuqagela kwakho kuvumelana kakhulu. IIsisindo sebhethri ye-forklift kanye nezidingo zokulinganisahlinzeka nge-voltage ehlobene, indawo, kanye nokokufaka kwesisindo.

Sebenzisa amabhendi omthamo njengesikrini, hhayi ukucaciswa

Ububanzi obungezansi ngamabhande okuhlola ukuthengwa kwempahla okubhekiselwe ku-80V-impahla yekilasi; azilona izinga le-OEM futhi azishintshi{2}}ukugunyazwa okukhethekile.

Ngaphakathi kweibhethri ye-forklift esindayoibanga, anIbhethri ye-forklift engu-80V 560Ahkungaba ukukhetha okuphumelelayo uma iloli lidla cishe u-28–32kWh ngosuku lommeleli futhi libuyela eshajani eqinisekisiwe phakathi nesidlo sasemini noma ukushintsha kweshifu. Ukuthwala u-57kWh noma ngaphezulu ngeke kudale isikhathi esiwusizo uma iloli selivele liqede{4}}usuku olufunekayo ngaphezu kwenani elivunyelwene ngalo.

Okweibhethri ye-forklift esindayo, a 500Ah vs 630Ah ibhethri yeforkliftisinqumo kufanele sisebenzise i-trigger ithimba elisebenzayo elingacwaninga. Sungula indawo evikelekile, isibonelo u-20% uma lokho kufana nenqubomgomo ye-BMS egunyaziwe kanye nenqubomgomo yemikhumbi. Bese ubuyekeza okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa zokumela, okuhlanganisa usuku oluphakeme. Uma iloli liwela ngokuphindaphindiwe kuleyo ndawo ebekiwe futhi ukushaja okuhleliwe akukwazi ukubuyisela ukushoda, nyusa ibhande lomthamo. Uma iphetha -izinsuku ezifunwayo eziphezulu eduze kuka-30% SOC, iphakethe elikhudlwana kunzima ukulithethelela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kuphela.

Izibonelo ezimbili ze-Polinovel futhi zibonisa ukuthi kungani lokhu kungekona ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Ah okulandelanayo. Ukucushwa kwe-560Ah okushicilelwe kungu-46.592kWh, 830 × 767 × 570mm, 420kg, no-250A wamanje weshaji kanye no-200A wokuphuma okwamanje. Okushicilelwe500Ah vs 630Ah ibhethri yeforkliftukumisa kungu-52.416kWh, 1028 × 999 × 784mm, 2100kg, neshaje engu-200A kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla. Ekubuyekezweni kokushintshwa kwekilasi elingu-80V-, leso sinyathelo sishintsha amandla okuzisholo ngo-12.5%, isisindo esifakiwe ngo-1,680kg, ubukhulu bendawo ebiyelwe, kanye neshaji elijwayelekile ngo-20%; kufanele ithathwe njengenhlangano ehlukile yobunjiniyela kunokuthuthukiswa komthamo okuzenzakalelayo.

Ngaphezulu kuka-800Ah, ukuthengwa kwempahla kufanele kube nokungabaza, hhayi ngaphansi.

Inkuluibhethri ye-forklift esindayoinciphisa ukuncika ekushajweni okunesikhathi esiphelele, kodwa ishaja efanayo ithatha isikhathi eside ukuyigcwalisa futhi. Umthamo owengeziwe awukwazi ukulungisa isevisi kagesi egcwele kakhulu, amakhefu aphuthelwe, isixhumi esingaphansi, noma umkhawulo we-BMS ofinyelelwe ngesikhathi sokuphakanyiswa.

Ezinguqulweni eziningi, umthamo omncane ohlangabezana nesidingo samandla esilinganisiwe nendawo ebekiwe ingcono kunephekhi elikhulu elilingana nethreyi.

Ukweqisa akuwona umshwalense wamahhala. Ingakhuphula ubunkimbinkimbi be-ballast, inwebe isikhathi sokushajwa kabusha, futhi ihambise umgoqo emandleni wesikhungo. Qhathanisa lezo zindleko ngesikhathiUkukhetha umthamo webhethri ye-forklift engu-80Vusebenzisa iImigqa yezindleko ze-TCO emihlanu ngemuva kwekhotheshiningaphambi kokugunyaza inketho enkulu.

Vala ibhalansi yamandla yansuku zonke

Iphekhi elilodwa lingasekela amashifu amaningi kuphela uma okulandelayo kuhlala kuvuma{{0}ngosuku olufunwa kakhulu:

Lapho kuhlolwa aibhethri ye-forklift esindayo, sebenzisa izitembu zesikhathi ze-BMS kunezilinganiso zomsebenzisi yedwa aumthamo omkhulu webhethri le-forklift-yemisebenzi yamashifu amaningi. Rekhoda i-SOC yokuqala nesiphetho yebhulokhi ngayinye yomsebenzi, isikhathi sokuqala nesokumiswa kweshaja, izinga lokushisa lephakethe, umkhawulo wamanje, nawo wonke umcimbi oncishisiwe noma onephutha. Amahora okusebenza ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ukulinda noma ukushiya imicimbi emifushane yokushaja; I-SOC namalogi eshaja enza ukunyakaza kwamandla kubonakale.

Okweibhethri ye-forklift esindayoimikhumbi, -ucwaningo lwedatha olusebenzayo oluhlanganisa amaphekhi ezentengiselwano angu-31 luthole ukuhluka okwanele phakathi komlando wenkambu ukuze kusekelwe idatha-yesimo esiqhutshwa{3}}so{4}}sokubikezela impilo esikhundleni sokuthatha iphethini eyodwa yokwehliswa kwesithunzi. Umthelela wokuthenga uyasebenza: dinga umlando othekelisa futhi uchaze ukuthi ubani umnikazi wedatha ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwemikhumbi. (Irekhodi locwaningo lwe-Aalto University nge-arXiv)

Elolini elisha, ithuluzi umshayeli ngaphambi kokumisa umkhumbi. Linganisela ukusetshenziswa kusuka kumodeli yeloli, umthwalo, ukuphakama kokuphakama, ubude bomzila, ukuthambeka, okunamathiselwe, izinga lokushisa, kanye neshejuli yeshifu; bese uqhathanisa isilinganiso namarekhodi e-BMS kusukela ngosuku oluphakeme lokusebenza. Ukuhlola okushicilelwe kwe-Hyster E55XN kwaqala ngephekhi yokubonisa engu-80V 360Ah futhi kamuva kwafanekiswa kumayunithi angu-80V 630Ah -yebhethri eyodwa,{8}}isevisi yeshift eminingi. Ubufakazi obuwusizo ukulandelana: isilinganiso, isilingo, isilinganiso, shintsha usayizi. Akuwona umcabango wokuthi yonke isayithi idinga i-630Ah. Lokhu kunikeza imikhumbi ukulandelekaibhethri ye-forklift esindayoibhalansi yamandla. (Idizayini Yomshini)

Hlola okwamanje ngaphambi kokugunyaza ibhethri le-forklift elisindayo

Amp-amahora achaza inkokhiso egciniwe; i-lift, i-acceleration, i-ramp travel, kanye nemicimbi ye-hydraulic ehlanganisiwe{{-kanye{2}}ne-traction kulawulwa amandla amanje kanye ne-voltage engaphansi komthwalo. Aibhethri ye-forklift esindayongakho-ke udinga imvilophu yamanje, hhayi izichasiso.

Umhlinzeki othi "ukukhishwa okuphezulu" akanikezi okusebenzisekayoibhethri ye-forklift esindayoukucaciswa kuze kube okwamanje, ubude besikhathi, izinga lokushisa, ukuqala kwe-SOC, nokunqamuka kushiwo. Isandiso esibalulekile ukuthi i-Ah eningi ayiqinisekisi okuvunyelwe kwamanje okwengeziwe: Izibonelo ze-Polinovel ezishicilelwe ezingu-560Ah nezingu-630Ah zombili ziklelisa ukukhishwa okungu-200A kwamanje, kuyilapho ukushaja kwazo{4}}izilinganiso zamanje kuhluka. Isilinganiso esiphezulu seloli nobude besikhathi somcimbi kufanele bulingane nokucushwa okukhethiwe.

Ngaphambi kwe-oda lokuthenga, dinga i-matrix ehambelanayo esayiniwe ekhomba imodeli yeloli, isilawuli, imodeli yephakethe, imodeli yeshaja, isixhumi, inguqulo yesofthiwe, isimo sokuhlola, umphumela wokudlula/wokufeyila, kanye nokuchezuka okungaxazululiwe. Lobu ubufakazi obuncane bokuthi aibhethri ye-forklift esindayoesetshenziswa kumarempu noma emijikelezweni yokukhuphula njalo, futhi iphendula isibuyekezo sobunjiniyela obujwayelekile sibe irekhodi lokwamukela umphakeli angabanjelwa kulo.

Phatha isisindo esifakiwe njengemfuneko yokuphepha

Emalolini amaningi aphikisanayo, isisindo sebhethri sinomthelela ekuzinzeni. Aumsebenzi osindayo we-lithium forklift esikhundleni sebhethrikufanele ihlangabezane nebanga lesisindo sebhethri le-OEM-ngemuva kokuthi indawo ebiyelwe, i-ballast egunyaziwe, izintambo, nezixhumi zifakiwe.

 

Noma yikuphiibhethri ye-forklift esindayo, cela izisindo ezintathu: amamojula e-electrochemical, indawo ebiyelwe ngaphambi kwe-ballast, nomhlangano wokugcina ofakiwe. Bese udinga umdwebo obonisa okubalulekile kwe-ballast, indawo, indlela yokunamathisela, izindawo zokuphakamisa, isikhungo-sokuqagela{2}}kokuqagela kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukuvunyelwa kwesevisi, kanye nokubekezelela okuphelele. Izibonelo ezishicilelwe ze-560Ah kanye ne-630Ah Polinovel zihluka ngo-1,680kg, okuwubufakazi obuqondile bokuthiIsisindo sebhethri ye-forklift kanye nezidingo zokulinganisaayikwazi ukucatshangelwa kusuka ku-voltage naku-Ah. Akusho ukuthi noma yiliphi iphakethe lingashintsha elinye; ipuleti ledatha yeloli kanye nekhompathimenti egunyaziwe ichaza ububanzi obamukelekayo.

 

Nasi isimo izifinyezo ze-AIO ezivame ukusigeja: ukwengeza insimbi kuze kube isikali sifika kokuhlosiwe akufakazeli ukuthi ukuguqulwa kuphephile. Indawo ye-Ballast ishintsha ukulayishwa kwesakhiwo nokufinyelela kwesevisi; indawo ebiyelwe kanye nesistimu yokugcina kufanele ilawule ukunyakaza okuqondile nokuvundlile. E-United States, izinguquko ezithinta umthamo noma ukusebenza okuphephile zidinga imvume ebhaliwe ebhaliwe yomkhiqizi kanye namapuleti abuyekeziwe noma imiyalelo. (I-OSHA 29 CFR 1910.178)

 

Iphakheji yokwamukela kufanele iqukathe idatha yeloli-isithombe sepuleti, ubuncane obuvunyelwe nesisindo esiphezulu sebhethri, umdwebo we-dimensional, inani lokugcina elikaliwe, umdwebo we-ballast, indlela yokugcinwa, kanye nesimo sokugunyazwa kwe-OEM. Ivala isango lesisindo ngo-aibhethri ye-forklift esindayoukuguqulwa; ngaphandle kwaleyo phakheji, ukufakwa kusewushintsho oluvulekile lobunjiniyela.

Usayizi weshaja kanye nesevisi kagesi ndawonye

Isixhumi siyiphoyinti elilodwa kuphela lokuhambisana. Aibhethri ye-forklift esindayokufanele iqondanise i-voltage, iphrofayili yokushaja, iphakethe lomkhawulo wamanje, i-polarity, isilinganiso sesixhumi, ukuziphatha kwe-CAN/RS485, imikhawulo yezinga lokushisa, nezixhumi ezixhumene namaphutha.

Sebenzisa okuphansi kokukhiphayo kweshaja kanye ne-BMS-evunyelwe yamanje ezibalweni zokuphinda uthole. Ku-83.2V, 250A imizuzu engu-30 imele ithiyori engu-10.4kWh ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa, ukutepha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-heater, kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa. Ku-200A, inani lethiyori elihambisanayo lingu-8.32kWh, okungamandla angaphansi ngo-20% efasiteleni elifanayo. Lezi yizibalo{11}ezisuselwe ekucacisweni, hhayi izilinganiso zesayithi{12}}zekhasimende; ilogi yokugunyazwa kufanele irekhode isiqalo/ukuphela kwangempela kwe-SOC kanye ne-kWh ilethwe njengobufakazi bokwamukelaibhethri ye-forklift esindayokanye neshaja ndawonye.

Leli igebe lokuqalisa: iphakethe-eliphezulu lisengakwazi ukuqeda shift yesibili lingenalutho uma isayithi lingakwazi ukubuyisela amandla ngokushesha ngokwanele. Ukuze ngamunyeibhethri ye-forklift esindayo, bala amashaja aphezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, okokufaka kwe-AC, ukuvikelwa komfula okhuphukayo, umzila wekhebula, umoya noma imikhawulo yezinga lokushisa, kanye nemithetho yokuphatha yesidingo{0}}. Amashaja angu-20kW ayishumi adala ukulayisha okuqondile okungu-200kW ngaphambi kwesayithi-ukusebenza kahle okukhethekile namandla-okucatshangelwa nezici.

Ukwamukelwa kwe-CAN nakho kudinga imiphumela ebonakalayo. Okweibhethri ye-forklift esindayo, ukuhlola okubonisiwe kwe-SOC ezimeni zephekhi echaziwe, pakisha-isimo sokulungela, imvume yokushaja, imikhawulo yamanje eyaliwe, isixwayiso sezinga lokushisa, impendulo ephansi-ye-SOC, ukuvalwa kwesimo esiphuthumayo, ukuloga ngephutha, nokusetha kabusha ukuziphatha kweloli eliqondiwe nenhlanganisela yeshaja. Idinga umphakeli ukuthi abuyisele i-matrix yokuhlola enezinguqulo zesofthiwe namasignesha; "I-CAN iyasekelwa" ichaza ubukhona behadiwe, hhayi ukuhambisana kwephrothokholi.

Faka amasango emvelo kanye nokuthobela imithetho

Ukukhipha-izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokushajwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi{1}}kuyimibuzo ehlukene. Aibhethri ye-forklift esindayoukucaciswa kufanele kusho ukushajwa okujwayelekile kanye nehlehlisiwe-amajika amanje, izinga lokushisa le-heater lisebenze, amandla we-heater,{1}}isikhathi sokufudumala, izinga lokushisa eliphansi elivunyelwe leseli lokushaja, namandla asetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi. Ucwaningo ngokuziphatha kwe-lithium{3}}kumazinga okushisa aphansi axhumanisa akhuphukayo ukumelana nangaphakathi kanye nokuthutha okunensayo kuya kumandla ancishisiwe atholakalayo kanye nengozi enkulu ye-lithium-ye-plating ngesikhathi sokushaja okungafanele. (Ukubuyekezwa kwejenali ku-PMC)

Umngcele osebenzayo unzima kakhulu kunesihloko{0}}sezinga lokushisa esiphansi. Iphekhi ingase iphume ngo-−20℃kuyilapho ivimbela-ukushaja kwezinga elivamile kulelo zinga lokushisa leseli. Ngaphambi kokugunyaza aibhethri ye-forklift esindayo, idinga irekhodi lokuhlola elibonisa izinga lokushisa le-ambient neselula, isimo se-heater, ubude besikhathi esivunyelwe,{0}}sokufudumala, namandla aphelele ngemva kokushisisa. Alikho ilogu yekhasimende le-Polinovel elinikezwe lokhu kubhalwa kabusha, ngakho lawo manani akhethekile{2}}esayithi kufanele engezwe kusukela kurekhodi lephrojekthi eligunyaziwe ngaphambi kokufuna ukusebenza kwenkambu.

Okweibhethri ye-forklift esindayoesetshenziswa ngaphandle, amachweba namagceke ezimboni engeza amanzi, uthuli, usawoti, umthelela, nokudlidliza. Aibhethri ye-forklift yamachweba nezigayo zensimbikufanele ihlolwe isilinganiso sendawo ebiyelwe, ukuvala isixhumi, ikhebuli-imumo wendlala, ukuvikela ukugqwala, ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukuvimbela, nezikhawu zokuhlola endaweni efakiwe. Isilinganiso se-IP asiqinisekisi isixhumi sokukhwelana esingavaliwe noma ukufakwa okuvalela amanzi.

Amadokhumenti omthetho kufanele ahlonze umkhiqizo kanye nenjongo. I-IEC 62619: 2022 ikhuluma ngezidingo zokuphepha nokuhlolwa kwamaseli e-lithium yesibili yezimboni namabhethri. (I-IEC) I-UN 38.3 ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwezokuthutha; ukuthengwa kwempahla kusadinga{1}}izimvume zeleveli zeloli ezidingekayo endaweni kanye nokulungiswa okuhlongozwayo. (UNECE) Okusebenzisekayoibhethri ye-forklift esindayoimininingwane ibiza indinganiso, imodeli, inombolo yombiko noma yesitifiketi, ilabhorethri ekhiphayo, ukuba semthethweni, kanye nokufaneleka kwemakethe.

Thumela i-RFQ yebhethri ye-forklift esindayo engaveza impendulo yobunjiniyela

Ikhwalithi yengcaphuno ayikwazi ukweqa ikhwalithi yokufaka. Nikeza wonke umphakeli osohlwini olufushane iloli elifanayo,{1}}umjikelezo wesibopho, ukushaja, indawo, kanye nedatha yokugunyaza, bese udinga imiphumela yokubala efanayo. Aibhethri ye-forklift esindayoI-RFQ idala okunikezwayo okuqhathanisekayo esikhundleni samalebula-abukekayo e-Ah.

Yenza umphakeli ngamunye abuyisele i-kWh okuzisholo ngayo nesebenzisekayo, ukusetshenziswa okucatshangwayo, ukugodla, ithuba{0}}lokuthola kabusha inkokhiso, okuqhubekayo kanye nenani eliphakeme-imajini yamanje, isisindo sokugcina esifakiwe, isidingo sokushaja, nezici ozikhethela zona ezifakwe enanini elicashuniweibhethri ye-forklift esindayo. Uma umphakeli engakwazi ukukhombisa ukubala, imodeli ecashuniwe ayikakalungeli ukugunyazwa.

I-Polinovel'sUmsebenzi osindayo webhethri ye-forklift 500Ah izinkethovala{0}ukulungiswa kwe-voltage ephezulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphikisanayo ezidingayo. Sebenzisa isigaba ukuze wenze uhlu olufushane lwephekhi kuphela ngemva kokuba imvilophu yeloli nokuntuleka kwamandla sekwaziwa.

Thumela imodeli yeloli, idatha-izithombe zepuleti, ukucaciswa kwebhethri kwamanje, ishejuli yeshifti, iphrofayili yokulayisha nomzila, amazinga okushisa, umlando we-SOC, namafasitela okushaja ukuze-ubuyekezwe ubukhulu bomjikelezo. Okukhiphayo okuwusizo kungamandla abhaliwe, amanje, isisindo, ishaja, nesinqumo sokuhlanganisa, hhayi inombolo ye-Ah enkulu.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa