Finyelela Ukushaja Ngokushesha Kwebhethri Leloli: Umthelela Kumpilo Yebhethri

Kungani I-Multi-Shift Warehouses Ingakwazi Ukugwema Ukushaja Okuphezulu{1}}

Ukufinyelela ukushaja okusheshayo kweloli sekuphenduke isisekelo sokusebenza, hhayi ukunethezeka, kunoma iyiphi indawo yokugcina impahla esebenzisa amashifu angaphezu kweyodwa. Ukuzulazula-kwendlela ephakathi nendawo, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okuphindaphindwayo ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-10, kanye nokusheshisa okuqhubekayo-ukuncipha kokukhetha{4}}kanye{5}}nendawo{5}}yokuphelelwa umsebenzi kwamabhethri ngokushesha kune-forklift ephikisanayo egijima amahora afanayo.

 

Ezindaweni zeshifu-zodwa, ukushaja okuvamile ebusuku kusingatha umsebenzi. Isikhathi lapho indawo yokugcina impahla ishintshela kumashifu amabili noma amathathu, futhi{2}}izikhungo zokusabalalisa izinto eziphakeme kakhulu zinamakhefu ezibalo. Aibhethri{{0}le-asidi eholayoidinga amahora angu-8 ukushaja kanye namanye angu-8 ukuze iphole. Lokho amahora angu-16 esikhathi sokuphumula ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Ucwaningo lwemboni olusuka kusihlanganisi sebhethri ye-lithium lulinganisela ukuthi ukushintsha ibhethri kukodwa kubiza-umsebenzi wokushintsha okuningi cishe u-$4,800 ngosuku ekukhiqizweni okulahlekile, inani elihluka ngosayizi wemikhumbi nezinga labasebenzi, kodwa elihambisana ngokuqondile nesikubona kumaphrojekthi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseYurophu.

 

Ukushaja ngokushesha izimoto zamaloli akuyona into ekhethwayo. Kuwumkhawulo wokusebenza obekwe igebe phakathi kobude beshifu kanye nesikhathi sokushaja esivamile.

I-CC{{0}CV Ukushaja kanye C-Amanani: Kwenzekani Ngaphakathi Kwephekhi

Ibhethri le-lithium ngalinye lishaja ngezigaba ezimbili ezibizwa nge-CC-CV, i- constant current kanye ne-voltage engaguquki. Phakathi ne-CC, ishaja iphusha okwamanje ngenani eligxilile elikalwa njengokuphindaphinda kwesilinganiso esingu-C{2}}. Ukushaja kwe-1C kuphakethe le-400Ah kusho i-400A; I-0.5C isho ukuthi i-200A.

Iningi lamaloli afinyelela ku-LiFePO4 aklanyelwe ukushaja okuqhubekayo okungu-0.5C kuya ku-1C, okuhunyushwa ngokuthifinyelela isikhathi sokushaja ibhethri yelolicishe amahora angu-1 kuya kwangu-2. Amanye amasistimu aphusha okuthi 1.5C–2C ngaphansi kokulawulwa okushisayo okusebenzayo, futhi yilapho indaba yokuwohloka iba nesithakazelo kakhulu kunalokho okusikiselwa ishidi.

Isigaba se-CC sithwala kanzima, ngokuvamile siletha i-SOC kusukela kuleveli yayo yamanje iye cishe ku-80%, futhi ikhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu. I-CV taper njengamanje njengoba i-voltage isondela kumkhawulo weseli ongaphezulu. Yingakho "0 kuya ku-80% emaminithini angu-45" akuyona isenzakalo sokucindezeleka esifanayo "njengo-80 kuya ku-100% kweminye imizuzu engu-45." U-20% wokugcina uthambile kumaseli ngokuklama.

Ingabe Ukushaja Ngokushesha Ngempela Kufinyeza Impilo Yebhethri Yeloli?

Amazinga aphezulu we-C-asheshisa ukuwohloka kuwo wonke amakhemikhali e-lithium, kuhlanganisa ne-LiFePO4. Ucwaningo lwango-2025 kuJournal of Power Sources luqinisekise lokhu kuyo yonke imindeni ye-NCA, NMC, kanye ne-LFP (Ijenali Yemithombo Yamandla).

Kodwa izinga lokushaja ngokwalo akuvamile ukuba libe yisici esivelele. Amaseli Ezentengiselwano angu-26650 e-LiFePO4/graphite ahlolwe ku-4C, okungaphezu kwalokho okulethwa ishaja yamaloli, afinyelele imijikelezo engu-4,320 ukuya ku-80% wokugcinwa komthamo lapho ebanjwe ngaphakathi kwewindi le-SOC elingu-0–80%. Amaseli afanayo ajikeleza u-0–100% athatha imijikelezo engu-956 kuphela (PMC). Lowo umehluko wempilo engu-4.5× oqhutshwa iwindi lokusebenza ngokuphelele, hhayi isivinini sokushaja.

Emisebenzini eminingi-embili ye-shift ambient{1}}yezinga lokushisa, okushiwo okungokoqobo kuqondile: ibhethri leloli elifinyelelekayo eligibele ibhayisikili elingu-20–80% ngaphansi kokushajwa okusheshayo kuka-1C lizodlula iphekhi elifanayo eligibele ibhayisikili ngo-0–100% ngaphansi kokushaja okungasheshi okungu-0.5C. Uma iphrothokholi yakho yamanje icacisa ukukhishwa okugcwele ngaphambi kokushajwa kabusha, shintsha iphrothokholi ngaphambi kokukhathazeka ngesivinini sokushaja.

Lokhu kubamba-izinga lokushisa okubili-ukusebenza kwamashifu. Indawo ebandayo-nezindawo ezintathu-zokushintsha zidinga imikhawulo ye-SOC ehlukile, futhi izibalo ziyashintsha futhi uma amashaja akho ehlala endaweni engenamibandela.

Yini Eyehlisa Isithunzi Okokuqala: I-Graphite Bottleneck

Ama-cathodes e-LiFePO4 abekezelela ngokuphawulekayo amanani entengo aphezulu. Isakhiwo sekristalu se-olivine siphatha ukukhishwa kwe-lithium ngokushesha ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu. Isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kuwo wonke amaseli e-LFP{3}eshajwayo yi-graphite anode.

• I-Lithium platingkwenzeka lapho ama-ion efika endaweni ye-graphite ngokushesha kunokuba angangena ku-crystal lattice. Esikhundleni sokufaka phakathi kwezingqimba ze-graphite, zifaka njenge-metallic lithium phezulu, okubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okungenakuhlehliswa. Ngaphansi kuka-10℃, izipikili ze-plating zengozi ngenxa yokuthi ukusabalalisa kwe-ion kuhamba kancane kuyilapho i-charge yamanje ihlala njalo, ngaphandle uma i-BMS ingenelela (IsayensiDirect).
   
• Ukuqina kwesendlalelo se-SEIkwenzeka njalo umjikelezo, kodwa ukushaja okusheshayo kuyakusheshisa. I-interphase eqinile{{1}ye-electrolyte idla i-lithium esebenzayo njengoba ikhula, kancane kancane yehlisa i-lithium pool ejikelezayo.
   
• Ukuqedwa kwensimbi yenguquko, ngokuyinhloko insimbi esuka ku-LFP cathodes, ithuthela ku-anode futhi ibangele ukubola kwe-SEI okuqhubekayo. Ukuhlaziywa kokuthunyelwe-kokuhlolwa kwesidumbu samaseli e-LFP{2}}ashajwayo abonisa ukuthi lo mshini uba ngobalulekile ngaphezu kuka-4C (PMC) kuphela, ngaphezu kwamazinga ajwayelekile wokushajwa kwamaloli.

Amaseli aqhelelene ngaphezu kuka-20mV ngaphansi komthwalo aqala ukusebenza njengebhodlela lamanje phakathi{1}}nokushaja okuphezulu. Iseli elibuthakathaka likhawulela lokho iphakethe lonke elingakwamukela. Lokho kunguiseli-inkinga yokulinganisa, akuyona inkinga-yesivinini, futhi kungenye yezinto zokuqala esizihlolayo lapho ikhasimende libika ukwenqaba ukwamukelwa kwenkokhiso ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-1,{2}}.

Izinga Lokushisa Lishayela Ukuwohloka Okungaphezulu Kunesivinini Sokushaja

Njalo ngamadigri angu-10 ngaphezu kwewindi elifanele elingu-25℃kubiza cishe u-15% wempilo yomjikelezo, ngokusekelwe ku-Arrhenius{3}}etholakala kumamodeli okuguga avame ukusetshenziswa kumasistimu e-LFP. Isikhathi esisodwa sokushaja{5}sezinga eliphezulu singakhuphula izinga lokushisa lephekhi ngo-10–15℃ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ze-warehouse. Beka amaseshini amabili emuva-ukuze{10}}ubuyele emuva ngaphandle kokupholisa amaseli futhi amaseli angena ohlelweni lapho ukuguga kusheshisa ngokuzuzisayo.

Nakhu lapho i-BMS izuza khona ukugcina. I-throttles yebhethri eklanywe kahle ishaja okwamanje lapho amazinga okushisa eseli esondela embundwini ongaphezulu, ngokuvamile ongu-40–45℃wezinhlelo ze-LiFePO4. Abasebenzi abasezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla{5} ezilawulwa yisimo sezulu abavamile ukuqaphela. Ama-opharetha aseduze namadokodo okulayisha ehlobo ngokuvamile abona "inkokhelo yehora elingu-1" inweba ukuya kumaminithi angu-90+ futhi asole iphekhi, lapho i-BMS yenza lokho kanye okufanele ikwenze.

Uphawu lwendaba-: uma amashaja akho ashesha kakhulu esebenza njalo emaminithini angu-90+ phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, kala izinga lokushisa le-ambient endaweni yeshaja ngaphambi kokuthatha ukuthi iphekhi lehlile. Sibone izimo ezintathu ezihlukene lapho ukuthutha amashaja amamitha angu-15 ukusuka kumnyango wedokhu kuxazulule "inkinga yebhethri" okwakungeyona eyodwa.

Indawo ecacile:phakathi kwesilinganiso sokushaja nezinga lokushisa, izinga lokushisa yilona opharetha bezindlu eziguquguqukayo okufanele bagxile kukho.

Amaloli Abandayo-Afinyelela Isitoreji: Ukushesha Okukhethekile{1}Ikesi lokushaja

Finyelela ukushajwa kweloli ngokushesha ezindaweni zefriji kubhekene nengozi ehlukile yokushisa. Ngaphansi kokuthi -amadigri angu-20 , ingozi isuka ekushiseni{3}}ukuguga okusheshisiwe kuye ku-lithium plating ebangelwa ukubanda, indlela efanayo echazwe ngenhla kodwa ebangelwa i-ion kinetics ehamba kancane kunamanje kakhulu.

 

Izinto zokushisisa ze-PTC ezihlanganiswe kumojuli yebhethri zivimbela ukushaja ngaphansi komkhawulo ophephile, ngokuvamile ongu-5℃, ngokufudumeza amaseli ngaphambi kokuba i-CC iqale. Ngaphandle kwalesi sici, yonke{2}}seshini yokushajwa kwesitoreji ebandayo iqongelela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka we-anode. Amasistimu e-asidi{{4}esidi womthofu abhekene nenkinga ehlukile kodwa ebiza ngokulinganayo: i-electrolyte viscosity inyuka kakhulu, futhi amabhethri angalahlekelwa ngaphezu kuka-30–50% womthamo osebenzisekayo ngaphansi kweqhwa. Amabhethri abandayo aphinde akhiqize ukufundwa kwamandla kagesi aphakeme ngokuzenzisa okukhohlisa amashaja ukuthi ame kusenesikhathi, isimo "sokugcwala okungamanga" esibangela ukushajwa okungaphansi okungamahlalakhona futhi kusheshise ukucwebezela.

 

Ngobaisitoreji esibandayo-sifinyelele ukushajwa kwebhethri leloli, umthetho wengqalasizinda ulula: iziteshi zokushaja zisendlini yedokhu noma indawo yokulayisha engaphezu kuka-5℃, hhayi ngaphakathi kwefriji. Ukugijima kwekhebula okwengeziwe kubiza ingxenyana yokushintsha amaphekhi njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-18 ngenxa yomonakalo wokucwenga. Noma yimuphi umhlinzeki webhethri onikeza{4}}amaphakethe amaloli abandayo ngaphandle kokuzishisa{5}}okuhlanganisiwe kufanele aphathwe ngokuqapha. Kule ndawo, akusona isici ozikhethela sona.

Finyelela Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokushaja Iloli: Ithuba vs. Ukushaja Ngokushesha

Kuma-DC ajwayelekile-ama-shift amabili, ukushaja kwamathuba ku-20–80% SOC kuyiphrothokholi elungileI-LiFePO4 ifinyelela impilo yebhethri yeloli. Ucwaningo lwamabhayisikili lwe-LFP oluningi lubonisa ukuthi ukujula okungu-50%-ko{3}}komjikelezo wokukhipha amanzi kugcina cishe amaphesenti angu-20–25 amaphuzu amaningi emijikelezweni engu-2,000 uma kuqhathaniswa{8}}nokujula kwamabhayisikili, futhi idatha ye-PMC ngenhla iqinisekisa ukuthi le phethini ibamba ngisho namazinga anamandla e-4C (I-PMC). Shejula inkokhiso eyodwa ephelele masonto onke ukuze ulinganise kabusha isimo se-BMS{1}so-sokulinganisa imali.

Ukuze uthole{0}}umphumela ophezulu osebenza amahora angu-16+ nsuku zonke,ukufanisa iphrothokholi yokuxhumana yeshaja yakho ne-BMSiba yisinyathelo{0}okungaxoxiswana ngaso. Amaphrofayela eshaja eholayo{2}e-asidi aphoqa amajika kagesi ukuthi angahambisani namaseli e-lithium. Ishaja kufanele ilandele i-CC-CV ne-CAN noma i-RS485 yokuxhawula-isikhathi sangempela sokulungiswa kwamanje.

Ukuthola izilungiselelo ze-BMS threshold zilungile ukuze usebenze amahora angu-16 kudinga idatha yangempela yomjikelezo wemisebenzi evela ezikhungweni zakho.Cela ukucaciswa kokushaja ngokwezifisoifaniswe nephethini yakho yeshifu nendawo eshisayo.

Amaphutha Acekela phansi Amabhethri Ngokushesha kunokushaja Ngokushesha

Ukuhluleka kwebhethri leloli elibiza kakhulu lokufinyelela esihlangabezane nalo e-Polinovel akuzange kubangelwe amanani aphezulu okuthi C-. Abangelwa amaphutha okusebenza.

• Iphrofayela yeshaja engalungile.Izinsiza eziguquke zisuka-ze-asidi zaba i-lithium kodwa zagcina amashaja efa zibona ukunqwabelana kwamaseli. Ukungafani kuvame ukungabonakali ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zokuqala. Amabhethri abonakala eshaja futhi esebenza ngokujwayelekile, kodwa amalogi e-BMS abonisa ukwehla kwamandla omjikelezo ngamunye. Ngesikhathi o-opharetha beqaphela isikhathi sokusebenza esifushane, umonakalo weseli usuvele ungalungiseki. Empeleni, lapho sihlola izimoto eziguqule i-lithium phakathi nonyaka odlule, amashaja angafani ahlanganisa cishe icala elilodwa kweziyisihlanu zokuwohloka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

• Ukweqa imikhawulo ye-thermal ye-BMS.Uma isistimu yokuphatha ikhawulela okwamanje, ivikela amaseli emonakalweni wokushisa. Abasebenzisi abakhipha ipulaki futhi baxhume kabusha ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze "basethe kabusha" ukushaja badlula okuwukuphela kwesivikelo phakathi kwephekhi kanye nokuwohloka okusheshisiwe. Empeleni, imijikelezo emithathu kuya kwemihlanu yokuxhuma kabusha kumazinga okushisa eseli aphakeme angawususa unomphela umkhondo wokuwohloka kwephekhi. Isigameko ngasinye siphuca impilo yekhalenda ukuthi kungabikho ukushaja okucophelelayo okulandelayo.

• Ukushaja amabhethri abandayo ngenani eligcwele.Endaweni ebandayo yase-Dongguan-esebenzela u-opharetha wempahla{1}}omkhulu oqandisiwe, amaloli angu-31 aye angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ngoSepthemba 2024 ngemva kokuthi indawo ibishesha{4}}ekushajeni amabhethri{5}endaweni yesiteji{5}ezinguziro izinyanga kungekho{6}}isistimu yokushisisa efakiwe. Amaphakethe awazange acaciswe kuleyo ndawo eshisayo. Umphumela wokulimala kweseli, i-lithium plating esabalele kuzo zonke izendlalelo ze-anode, ibingenakuhlehliswa, idinga ukushintshwa kwebhethri lemikhumbi eligcwele. Lokhu bekungekona ukuhluleka kwephrothokholi yokushaja; kube ukuhluleka kokucaciswa kwebhethri. Amaphakethe{11}}amaloli okufinyelela okubandayo adinga ubunjiniyela bokushisa obuhluke kakhulu kunamasistimu azungezile.

• Ukweqa izinkokhiso ezigcwele zezikhathi ezithile.Amaseli e-LiFePO4 akhukhuleka ku-voltage ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphandle kokulinganisa kwamasonto onke, iseli elibuthakathaka likhawulela umthamo osebenzisekayo wephekhi. Lokhu kubonakala njengokuthi "ibhethri ifa ngo-30%," hhayi ukwehluleka kweseli kodwa ukwehluleka kokulinganiswa kwe-BMS obekungavinjelwa ukushajwa okukodwa okugcwele.

Indlela I-Polinovel Ifinyelela Ngayo Amabhethri Eloli Aphatha Ukushaja Ngokushesha

Ibanga lebhethri leloli lokufinyelela le-Polinovel, okuhlanganisa i-FL51420 (48V, edizayinelwe ukuphatha{2}}ukuphatha ukunemba kwe-aisle emincane) kanye ne-FL38920 (36V 920Ah, eyakhelwe ukusebenza-}okunamandla okuguquguqukayo), yakhelwe ngezindlela zokwehluleka ezichazwa yile athikili. Ibanga-Amaseli e-LiFePO4 e-prismatic ayinqwaba{10}}afaniswa nokuhluka kokumelana kwangaphakathi okungaphansi kuka-3mΩ, anciphisa ukwakheka kwendawo eshisayo-ngesikhathi sokushajwa okuqhubekayo kwe-1C. I-BMS iqapha amazinga okushisa eseli ngalinye, ayigcini nje ngokupakisha-ama-avareji amaleveli, nama-throttles ashaja okwamanje-ngesisekelo semojuli ngayinye uma noma iyiphi iseli isondela ku-42℃. Amaphrothokholi okuxhumana e-CAN kanye ne-RS485 anikeza i-telemetry yesikhathi sangempela-kumlawuli weloli, okuvumela izexwayiso zokunakekelwa okubikezelwayo ngaphambi kokuba ukuwohloka komthamo kufinyelele emazingeni abonakalayo o-opharetha{21}.

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibandayo-zeketango, amaphekhi e-Polinovel afaka amapuleti okushisisa e-PTC kusisekelo semojuli asebenza ngaphansi kuka-5℃namaseli afudumele kuya kuthempelesha yokusebenza ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale isigaba se-CC, okuyisici esifana ncamashí ukungabikho kwaso okubangele ukwehluleka kwemikhumbi ye-Dongguan okuchazwe ngenhla.

Okwabaphathi bemikhumbi abahlolayoI-LiFePO4 ifinyelela impilo yomjikelezo webhethri yelolingaphansi kokushajwa okusheshayo kwansuku zonke, imijikelezo elinganiselwe engu-4,{1}} ukuya ku-80% wokugcinwa komthamo ekushajweni okungu-1C / ukukhishwa okungu-1C, ama-degree angu-25 aqinisekiswa{6}}ngokuhlola ukuguga okusheshisiwe endlini ngephrothokholi ngayinye ye-IEC 62619, hhayi nje amadatha-omenzi weseli. Wonke amaphakethe ahamba anomaka i-CE, isitifiketi sezokuthutha se-UN38.3, kanye nokuthobela i-IEC 62619 yokuphepha kwezimboni.

Lapho uhlola abahlinzeki, buza ngokuqondile: yenzani i-BMS yakho kuthempelesha yeseli engu-42℃ngesikhathi sokushajwa okungu-1C, futhi ithini impendulo-yeseli ngayinye? Impendulo yehlukanisa i-spec-sheet engineering kusukela e-warehouse{4}}ready engineering. Uma umsebenzi wakho usebenzisa-amaloli okufinyelela amashift amaningi futhi udinga isistimu yebhethri enosayizi womjikelezo wakho womsebenzi wangempela,cela ukucaciswa kokushaja okusheshayo{0} kwangokwezifisoifaniswe nephethini yakho yeshifu, indawo eshisayo, nengqalasizinda yeshaja.