Isilinganiso Sesimo Sebhethri (SOC)
Amamodeli Ebhethri Ajwayelekile
Inqubo ye-electrochemical reaction yamabhethri amandla iyinkimbinkimbi, ithonywa izici eziningi nezingaqinisekile. Ukumodela kwezibalo kwale nqubo kuyinkinga yemikhakha eminingi-nezinkambu eziningi, futhi bekulokhu kugxile kakhulu kanye nenselelo kuzo zombili izifundiswa nezimboni. I-excitation yokufaka (umthwalo wamanje) nokubonwa kokuphumayo (i-voltage nezinga lokushisa) kwebhethri lamandla kuyimingcele elinganisekayo enomkhawulo yesistimu yokulawula ibhethri lamandla. Ukwenza imodeli okunembe kubalulekile ukuze kuchazwe ngokunembe kakhudlwana izici zangaphandle zamabhethri amandla, ukuklama ama-algorithms okulinganisa isimo sebhethri lamandla athembekile, kanye nokuthuthukisa amasistimu okuphatha amandla alungile ezimotweni zamandla amasha. Amamodeli ebhethri lamandla ajwayelekile ahlukaniswa kakhulu abe amamodeli e-electrochemical, amamodeli esekethe alinganayo, namamodeli okufunda omshini.
(1) Imodeli ye-Electrochemical
Maphakathi-no-1990, u-M. Doyle, TF Fuller, kanye no-J. Newman we-University of California, e-Berkeley, basungule imodeli yamanga-embili{11}}ye-dimensional (P2D) esekelwe kumbono wama-electrode ambobozelayo nezisombululo ezigxilile, babeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli we-electrochemical. Le modeli isebenzisa uchungechunge lwezibalo ezihlukene eziyingxenye kanye nezibalo ze-algebra ukuchaza ngokunembile ukusakazeka nokufuduka kwama-ion e-lithium ngaphakathi kwebhethri lamandla, ukusabela kwe-electrochemical ebusweni bezinhlayiya ezisebenzayo, umthetho we-Ohm, nokugcinwa kweshaji, phakathi kwezinye izenzakalo ze-electrochemical. Kuze kube manje, amamodeli amaningi we-electrochemical atholakala futhi athuthukiswa kulo modeli. Imodeli ye-electrochemical imodeli yezimiso zokuqala engakwazi ukulingisa ngokunembile hhayi kuphela izici zangaphandle zebhethri lamandla kodwa futhi nokusatshalaliswa nezinguquko zezici zangaphakathi (njengokugcwala kwama-ion e-lithium kuma-electrode nama-electrolyte, kanye nokusabela ngokweqile, okunzima ukukukala). Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amamodeli ebhethri lamandla, amamodeli e-electrochemical angachaza ukusabela kwe-microscopic ngaphakathi kwebhethri lamandla ngokujula okukhulu futhi abe nencazelo esobala kakhudlwana.
Amamodeli e-P2D ayashintshashintsha futhi ayakala, asebenza ezinhlotsheni zebhethri ezinamasistimu ahlukene wezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi angathuthukiswa futhi anwetshwe abe amamodeli{1}}ahlanganisa inkundla ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, amamodeli e-P2D adlala indima engenakushintshwa ekumodeleni ibhethri. Kodwa-ke, aqukethe izilinganiso eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlukene eziyingxenye kanye namapharamitha amaningi we-electrochemical, okubeka izidingo eziphezulu kumakhono ekhompyutha Ohlelo Lokuphathwa Kwebhethri (BMS). Njengamanje, ukuxazulula amamodeli e-P2D kusebenzisa izindlela zezinombolo, njengendlela yomehluko olinganiselwe, indlela yesici esilinganiselwe, kanye nendlela yevolumu elinganiselwe.
(2) Imodeli Yesifunda Elinganayo
Imodeli yesekethe efanayo isebenzisa ama-elementi esekethe evamile afana nezimbangi, ama-capacitor, nemithombo ye-voltage engaguquki ukuze yakhe inethiwekhi yesekethe ukuchaza izici zangaphandle zebhethri lamandla. Le modeli isebenzisa umthombo kagesi ukuze imele amandla ebhethri anamandla e-thermodynamic equilibrium electromotive, kanye nenethiwekhi ye-RC ukuchaza izici eziguqukayo zebhethri lamandla. Imodeli yesekethe elinganayo inokusebenza okuhle ezimeni ezihlukene zokusebenza zebhethri lamandla, futhi izilinganiso zesimo zemodeli zingathathwa, kube lula ukuhlaziya nokusebenzisa. Imodeli yesekethe efanayo isetshenziswe kabanzi ekumodeleni imoto yamandla amasha kanye nocwaningo lokulingisa kanye -ne-BMS esekelwe kumodeli. Umfanekiso 7-27 ubonisa imodeli yesekethe efanayo evamile yebhethri lamandla elakhiwe izakhiwo zenethiwekhi ye-n RC, okubizwa ngokuthi imodeli ye-n-RC. Le modeli iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu:
1) Umthombo wamandla kagesi: Amandla kagesi-esiyingi avulekile ebhethri lamandla amelelwa ngu-$U_{oc}$.
I-2) Ukumelana Kwangaphakathi kwe-Ohmic: Ukumelana nokuxhumana kwezinto zebhethri ye-electrode yamandla, i-electrolyte, i-isolation resistor, kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zimelelwa ngu-$R_o$.
3) Inethiwekhi ye-RC: Izici eziguqukayo zebhethri lamandla, okuhlanganisa izici ze-polarization kanye nemithelela yokusabalalisa, zichazwa ukumelana ne-polarization $R_p$ kanye nomthamo we-polarization $C_p$, lapho $i=0, ..., n_s$.
Emfanekisweni 7-27, i-Up imele i-polarization voltage yebhethri lamandla.
Ngokusekelwe emthethweni kagesi we-Kirchhoff kanye nomthetho wamanje, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kokushintsha kwamandla kagesi e-capacitor kanye nowamanje, -isibalo sendawo yesikhala semodeli yesifunda singavezwa ngokuthi:
Amamodeli esekethe asetshenziswa kakhulu alingana nebhethri lamandla afana nemodeli ye-Rint, imodeli ye-Thevenin, kanye nemodeli ye-Dual Polarization (DP) ayizimo ezikhethekile ze-n-RC elingana nemodeli yesekethe lapho n=0, n=1, kanye n{3}}, ngokulandelana, futhi asetshenziswe kabanzi ekulinganisweni kwebhethri lamandla kanye nama-algorithms okuphatha.
(3) Amamodeli Wokufunda Ngomshini
Amamodeli okufunda omshini awadingi ulwazi lokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwebhethri nezindlela ezithile zokusabela; badinga kuphela ukuthola idatha yomlando yokusebenza kwebhethri (yamanje, i-voltage, izinga lokushisa, njll.). Empeleni, basungula imisebenzi yemephu engaqondile phakathi kokuhluka ngokusebenzisa{2}}izindlela eziqhutshwa idatha. Inzuzo enkulu yalolu hlobo lwemodeli ukusebenza kwayo ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zebhethri, ukuguquguquka kwayo okuhle, kanye nekhono layo lokulingisa ngokugcwele izici ezingaqondile zokuziphatha kwebhethri.
Emkhakheni wokuphathwa nokulawula kwebhethri lamandla, izindlela zokufunda zomshini ezisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi zifaka ingqondo engaqondakali, amanethiwekhi e-neural, imishini yokusekela i-vector, kanye nama-algorithms awo ahlanganisiwe. NgoMashi 2016, ukunqoba kwe-AlphaGo phezu kukampetha womhlaba we-Go u-Lee Sedol kwafaka amandla amasha ekufundeni okujulile, kwaqala igagasi elisha locwaningo nokusebenzisa, okuphinde kwasetshenziswa ekuphathweni kwebhethri. Ngedatha yebhethri eyanele yokuqeqeshwa, lolu hlobo lwemodeli lungafinyelela ukusebenza okuhle kokubikezela. Kodwa-ke, le modeli ayinayo incazelo engokwenyama, ayichazeki, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu inani nekhwalithi yedatha yokuqeqeshwa, okwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokuqina kwayo lapho isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ibhethri.
