Umbuzo awukona ukuthi i-lithium ishaya i-lead-i-asidi yamagandaganda okudonsa{1}}inkulumo-mpikiswano eyaphela eminyakeni edlule{2}}ngemisebenzi yamashift amaningi. Umbuzo wangempela ukuthi kungani ibhethri efanayo esebenza endaweni yakho yokugcina impahla ihluleka esikhumulweni sezindiza sakho, noma okuphambene nalokho.
Indawo yokusebenza inquma ukucaciswa kwebhethri ngaphezu kohlobo lwesisetshenziswa. Kodwa leso sitatimende sisodwa ngeke sikusize ukuthi ubhale i-RFQ. Okulandelayo imininingwane{2}}yezinga lokuphakelwa eyisa izinqumo zokuthenga phambili.
Lapho Amabhethri e-GSE Yesikhumulo Sezindiza Ehluleka Khona Ngempela
Amawindi okushintsha indiza acindezela amathuba okushaja abe yimizuzu engu-15-30 phakathi kokuzungezisa isango. Lokho akuyona into ethandwayo-kuwumkhawulo obekwe ukuhlela kwesango ukuthi akukho chemistry yebhethri engaxoxisana nayo.
Lesi sivimbelo sinomphumela we-cascading amashidi amaningi angathathi hlangothi. Amaphakethe{1}e-asidi omthofu adinga amahora angu-8 ukushajwa kanye namahora angu-8 okupholisa. Ukuze ulondoloze ukumbozwa okungu-24/7, opharetha basesikhumulweni sezindiza bagcina benamabhethri amathathu lilinyeugandaganda, izisebenzi ezishintshile ezizinikele, namagumbi okushaja asebenzisa amamitha-skwele angu-200-500 wamafidi-skwele esitheminali. Izindleko zabasebenzi zokushintshwa kwebhethri iyodwa-imizuzu eyi-15 ngokushintshana ngakunye, izikhathi eziningi nsuku zonke-imvamisa idlula izindleko zebhethri phakathi nezinyanga ezingama-24. Esikhumulweni sezindiza sesifunda esinogandaganda bokudonsa abangu-12, lokho kushintshana kwabasebenzi kusebenza cishe ku-$36,000-48,000 ngonyaka ngaphambi kokubala indawo yokushaja.
Uhlelo lokufaka ugesi lwe-GSE lwe-Delta lunikeza iphuzu eliwusizo eliyinkomba. Ihabhu yabo yase-Salt Lake City iseduze{1}}ne-GSE kagesi ephelele; umgomo wabo oshiwo ngu-100% wezimoto ezisebenza ngaphansi kukagesi kuwo wonke amahabhu ngo-2035. Emakhazeni-amahabhu wesimo sezulu, amasistimu okushisa ahlanganisiwe enza umehluko obalulekile-ngaphandle kwama-heaters angaphakathi, amaphakethe e-lithium alahlekelwa ngu-30-40% womthamo -20℃. Kusengcono kunokulahlekelwa okungu-50% kwe-lead-acid, kodwa kwanele ukushintsha isikhathi sokusebenza samahora angu-7 sibe amahora angu-4 uma ukudinga kakhulu.
Ukuthengwa kwesikhumulo sezindiza,{0}}okungaxoxiswana ngakho yilezi:I-IP67-izindawo ezivalekile ezilinganiselwe, izinto zokushisisa ezilawulwa yi-BMS, nekhono lokushaja. Uma umphakeli engakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngedatha yokuhlola eshisayo ebonisa ukugcinwa komthamo ngaphansi kuka- -10℃, lokho kuwukungafanelekile.
Ukusebenza Kwesitolo: Isitoreji Esibandayo Ukuhlolwa Kwangempela
Izikhungo zokusabalalisa ezijwayelekile ziletha izinselelo ezimbalwa zebhethri. Izinga lokushisa lihlala lilawulwa, amafasitela ashajayo ahambisana nekhefu, futhi alikho igunya lekhwalithi yomoya le-FAA eliphoqelela ukukhetha kobuchwepheshe. Ezindaweni ezigcina izinga lokushisa ezizungezile-ezisebenza ngokushintshana okukodwa, i-asidi yomthofu{3}ihlala iyindleko-isebenza kahle. I-crossover point ngokuvamile yenzeka kumashifu angu-1.5 noma ekusetshenzisweni okuphezulu-ngaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo, iprimiyamu ye-lithium ayibuyiseli ngaphakathi komjikelezo wempilo wemishini evamile.
Isitoreji esibandayo sishintsha izibalo ngokuphelele. Amabhethri asebenza ngaphansi -ukulahlekelwa komthamo we-18℃amathimba amaningi okuthenga awathatha kancane kuze kube ubusika bokuqala. I-lead{{5}ikhemikhali ye-asidi yehla ifike cishe kuhhafu wamandla ayo alinganiselwe ezindaweni zesiqandisi. Kodwa leyo nombolo iyahluka kakhulu ngeminyaka yebhethri nomlando wokunakekelwa-amaphekhi amasha angase agcine u-60%, amayunithi anganakekelwa kahle angase afike ku-40%. I-spec sheet ikunikeza inombolo eyodwa; izingodo zakho zesondlo zixoxa indaba yangempela.
I-Condensation cycling imodi yokwehluleka engavamile ukuvela ezincwadini zomthengisi.Ukudonsa ogandagandaukuhamba ngokuphindaphindiwe phakathi kwamadokhi azungezile nendawo yokubeka efrijini-okwenzeka izikhathi eziningi ngokushintshwa kokudla{1}kuqongelela umswakama endaweni yebhethri. Ngokuhamba kwezinyanga, lokhu kwehlisa isithunzi se-seal, kugqwalise amatheminali, futhi ekugcineni kufinyelele kuma-electronics angaphakathi. Ekubhidlikeni kwamayunithi ahlulekile abuyiselwe esikhungweni sesevisi se-Polinovel, izindlu zangaphandle ngokuvamile zibukeka zizinhle kuyilapho ukuhlangana kwezintambo kubonisa i-oxidation ebalulekile{4}}iphethini echaza ukuthi kungani ama-cold chain operators{5}}abika amanani okuhluleka aphezulu naphezu kokuhlolwa okubonakalayo "okuvamile". Amadizayini e-lithium avaliwe asusa iningi lale modi yokwehluleka, yingakho ama-opharetha amaketanga abandayo-evamise ukubona i-ROI eshesha kakhulu kunezindawo zokugcina impahla ezizungezile naphezu kwezisetshenziswa ezifanayo.
I-ROI Ranges ayisho Lutho Ngaphandle Kwemibono
Cishe usuzibonile izibalo ezifana nokuthi "10-inkokhelo yezinyanga eziyi-16" noma "415-i-656% ye-ROI yempilo yonke" ecashunwe ngokuguqulwa kwe-lithium. Lezo zinombolo zivela ocwaningweni lwe-Raymond Corporation mayelana nokusebenza kwe-multi-shift arehouse. Amaphoyinti edatha wangempela, kodwa ibanga lamaphoyinti angama-241 likutshela ukuthi ukuqagela okuyisisekelo kuhluka kakhulu.
Nakhu empeleni okwenza ukubala:
I-Multi-shift warehouse (2+ amashifu, ogandaganda abangu-20, ugesi ongu-$0.12/kWh)
Inkokhelo ngokuvamile ihlala phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-14-ezingu-20. Ukonga kuvela ngokuyinhloko ekuqedeni umsebenzi wokushintsha ibhethri{10}}cishe u-$3,000-4,000 ngogandaganda ngamunye ngonyaka ngezindleko zokusebenza ezilayishwe ngu-$25/ihora (lungisa lesi sibalo endaweni yangakini; imisebenzi yase-West Coast ivamise ukusebenzisa u-$32-38/ngehora, okucindezela inkokhelo ngezinyanga ezingu-3-5). Izithombe eziyisikwele zegumbi lokushaja elibuyisiwe zingaba ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke ye-ROI ezikhungweni ezincishwe isikhala.
Isikhumulo sezindiza i-GSE(ukusebenza okungama-24/7, ogandaganda abangu-30, -ihabhu lezulu elibandayo)
Inkokhelo ingaminyanisa izinyanga eziyi-10-ezingu-14 ngoba ususa nebhethri lesithathu eliyisipele ngogandaganda ngamunye kanye nengqalasizinda yokushintshanisa. Kodwa izindleko zokufaka zisebenzisa iziteshi ezishaja kakhulu zidinga ukuvikela isimo sezulu, futhi ungase udinge ukuthuthukiswa kukagesi ukuze usekele amanani okushaja amathuba. Isabelomali esingu-15-20% ngaphezu kwezindleko zebhethri zengqalasizinda.
Ukushintsha-okukodwa, ukusetshenziswa okulula (amahora angu-5/ngosuku, ogandaganda abangu-8)
Ukukhokha kudlulela ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezingama-36, futhi kwezinye izimo akwenzeki phakathi nesikhathi sokusebenziseka kwesisetshenziswa. Kule phrofayela, i-lead-i-asidi enokugcinwa ngendlela efanele isala kuyisinqumo esiphusile{3}}Ithimba labadayisi be-Polinovel lizokutshela lokhu ngokuqondile uma ishidi lakho elikhethekile libonisa{4}}ukusebenza okukodwa kwe-shift.
Yini Ongayibuza Abahlinzeki-Nendlela Yokuhlola Izimpendulo Zabo
Iningi lemihlahlandlela yokuthengwa kwempahla ima kokuthi "buza le mibuzo." Okunzima kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi impendulo enhle ibukeka kanjani.
Imikhawulo yamanje ye-BMS
Iyini umthamo omkhulu wokukhipha oqhubekayo nophezulu? Ukukhishwa okuphezulu kufanele kudlule isikhathi sokuqalisa semishini yakho okungenani ngo-1.3x.Ukudonsa ogandagandangokuvamile ukudweba 150-250A ekuqaleni kuye ngomthwalo. Uma i-spec ithi isiqongo esingu-200A bese ogandaganda bakho bedonsa u-190A ekuseni kubanda, uzobona uhambo oluyinkathazo. Cela ishidi le-BMS ngokwehlukana neshidi lokucaciswa kwebhethri-imvamisa angamadokhumenti ahlukene anezinombolo ezihlukene.
Ukuhlolwa kokuphatha okushisayo
Kuyini ukugcinwa komthamo -ku-10℃kanye -no-20℃? Amaphekhi alinganiswe ngokubandayo kwekhwalithi{11}}agcina u-85%+ -ku-10℃kanye no-75%+ ku- -20℃. Ngezansi kwale mikhawulo, ukhokha i-lithium premium yokusebenza kwezinga le-lead-acid-level. Futhi qinisekisa ukuthi i-heater engaphakathi ivula ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphansi komkhawulo wezinga lokushisa noma idinga ukungenelela okwenziwa mathupha-i-heater ayisebenzi.
Ukufanisa isisindo
Ingabe iphekhi ye-lithium ifana ne-OEM lead-yesisindo se-acid phakathi kuka-10%? Uma kungenjalo, iyiphi i-ballast efakiwe? Izilinganiso zokuzinza kukagandaganda wokudonsa zithatha isilinganiso esithile esiphikisanayo. Iphekhi engu-48V 300Ah lead-i-asidi inesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-350-400kg; okulingana ne-lithium kungase kube ngu-150-180kg. Lowo mehluko ka-200kg ushintsha isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi ukuze uthinte i-tip-over umthamo olinganiselwe wokudonsa. Lena ayinayo ibhentshimakhi yendawo yonke-kuncike ngokuphelele kumodeli yakho kagandaganda ethile, ngakho donsa ishidi le-OEM ngaphambi kwengxoxo.
Iphrothokholi yokushaja
Ingakanani C-isilinganiso esisekelwa iphekhi lokushaja kwamathuba? Amabhethri kagandaganda wokudonsa ngokuvamile adinga amaphrofayela e-CC-CV ku-0.3-0.5C ukuze aphile isikhathi eside. Amanani aphezulu (0.8-1C) ayatholakala ukuze ashaje kodwa hlola ukuthi ukuwasebenzisa kuthinta ukumbozwa kwewaranti. Abanye abakhiqizi bachitha iwaranti uma amalogi ashajayo ebonisa amanani aqhubekayo ngaphezu komkhawulo wabo onconyiwe.
Imigomo yewaranti
Ingabe iwaranti ivala ukucekelwa phansi kwamandla, futhi ngamuphi umkhawulo? Izinga lemboni liwukumbozwa kwesiqinisekiso uma umthamo wehla ngaphansi kuka-70-80% wesilinganiso phakathi nesikhathi sewaranti (ngokujwayelekile iminyaka engu-3-5 noma imijikelezo engu-2,000-3,000). Iwaranti ehlanganisa kuphela "ukwehluleka okuphelele" ayinawo iwaranti-amabhethri ehlisela umthamo weminyaka engu-60% ngaphambi kokuthi ayeke ukusebenza ngokuphelele.
Lapho I-Lithium Ingeyona Impendulo Elungile
Ukusebenza-okukodwa okunamafasitela athembekile okushaja ebusuku futhi azikho izithiyo zesikhala ayidingi i-lithium's premium. Uma ogandaganda bakho abadonsayo besebenza amahora angu-5 nsuku zonke futhi ehlala endaweni enezinga lokushisa{3}}elilawulwayo elinegumbi lokushaja elanele, i-asidi eholayo-enokugcinwa okufanele-ukunisela kwamasonto onke, ukulingana kwanyanga zonke, ukuhlola umthamo wonyaka{6}}kuzokusebenzela kahle iminyaka engu-4-6 cishe cishe uhhafu wezindleko zokuqala.
Isiphetho siwukushuba kokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindwa ukucindezeleka kwemvelo. -ukushintsha okuningi kanye nesitoreji esibandayo silingana ne-lithium. I-Single-shift plus ambient ilingana ne-lead-asidi. Kodwa leyo fomula inezimo ezihlukile okufanele ziqashelwe: -ukusebenza okukodwa kokuphekela esikhumulweni sezindiza esinefriji ehlala njalo{7}}ukuya{8}}kokuhamba ngetiyela etiyeleni kubhekana nengcindezi yemvelo engaphezu kwezibalo zokusetshenziswa, kuyilapho{9}}impahla eshintshwayo enezinto eziningi okufanele ishintshwe ezinyangeni eziyi-18 ingase ingabuyiseli ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-lithium ngaphambi kokuthi ogandaganda bayeke. Ifomula iyisiqalo, hhayi isinqumo.
Emisebenzini ewela maphakathi-ukushintsha okungu-1.5 esimweni sezulu esipholile, noma ukushintsha okukodwa okunokuchayeka okubandayo ngezikhathi ezithile-isinqumo sivame ukuza ekutheni uhlela yini ukunwetshwa kwemikhumbi eminyakeni engu-3-5 elandelayo. Uma wengeza ogandaganda noma kunjalo, ukuma ku-lithium manje kugwema ukuphatha amasistimu amabhethri amabili ahlukene kanye nengqalasizinda yokushaja emibili ehlukene. Uma izimoto zakho zizinzile, ukuthuthukisa ukusetha kwakho okukhona kwe-lead-acid kungase kube ukunikezwa kwekhephithali okungcono kakhulu.
FAQ
Q: Kuthiwani uma amashaja ethu akhona engahambisani namaphakethe e-lithium?
IMP: Ukuguqulwa okuningi kwe-lithium kudinga amashaja azinikele-amaphrofayela wokushaja ahluka ngokwanele kangangokuthi ukusebenzisa amashaja omthofu{1}kungcuphe ukushajwa okungaphansi noma amaphutha e-BMS. Ibhajethi engu-$800-1,500 ngesiteshi sokushaja ngasinye-kumashaja e-lithium ebanga lezimboni. Abanye abahlinzeki bahlinzeka ngamaphakheji ebhethri eshaja ehlanganisiwe; lokhu kwenza ukuthenga kube lula kodwa kunciphise ukuguquguquka kwakho uma kamuva ufuna ukushintsha abahlinzeki bebhethri.
Q: Sikuphatha kanjani ukuphathwa kwebhethri kuzo zonke izikhungo eziningi?
IMPENDULO: Leli yiphuzu lezinhlungu ezivelayo embonini. I-Telematics-inikwe amandla amaphakethe ebhethri anokuqapha ngamafu{2}}Ideshibhodi ye-BMS ehlanganisiwe ye-Polinovel yamakhasimende emikhumbi, isibonelo{3}}ivumela ukulandelela okumaphakathi kwemijikelezo yokushaja, ukuwohloka komthamo, namakhodi amaphutha kuzo zonke izindawo. Uma usebenzisa i-GSE ezikhumulweni zezindiza eziningi noma ezikhungweni zokusabalalisa, cacisa leli khono ngaphambili-lokufaka kabusha ama-telematics kumaphakethe akhona kuyabiza futhi ngokuvamile akuthembeki.
Q: Yikuphi ukucekelwa phansi kwamandla okufanele sikulindele ngesikhathi sewaranti?
A: Ikhemistri ye-LiFePO4 ivamise ukwehlisa isithunzi esingu-1-3% ngonyaka ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zamabhayisikili. Kumijikelezo engu-2,000 (cishe iminyaka engu-5-6 yokusetshenziswa{10}}okuningi), lindela u-85-90% womthamo wangempela osele. Uma umphakeli ecaphuna izinombolo ezingcono kakhulu, cela ukuqinisekiswa kwenkampani yangaphandle-ezinye izinto zokumaketha zicaphuna izimo zelebhu ezingabonisi amabhayisikili omhlaba ashisayo namaphethini okukhipha ingxenye.
