Kuyini Ukuvikelwa Kokuphepha Kwebhethri?

Ake ngikhulume iqiniso kuqala: ukusha kwamabhethri amaningi esikubonile kulo mkhakha bekungeyona into engaqondakali. Zazibikezelwe. Othile weqe isendlalelo sokuvikela ukuze onge u-$50, noma umphathi wokuthenga ukhethe i-BMS eshibhe kakhulu e-Alibaba, noma-futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngaphezu kwalokho obukucabanga-u-opharetha we-forklift ushiye into ishaja ubusuku bonke eshedini elingenawo umoya omncane ehlobo.

Ukuvikela ukuphepha kwebhethri akuwona umqondo othile wobunjiniyela ongabonakali. Iqoqo lezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, isofthiwe, nezinketho zedizayini ezigcina iphekhi yakho yebhethri engu-$15,000 ukuthi ingashintshi ibe isimangalo somshwalense esingu-$150,000. Noma okubi nakakhulu.

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi sakha amaphakethe e-LiFePO4 okuphatha impahla kanye nezimoto zezimboni. Lesi sihloko siyikho konke esifisa sengathi ngabe othile wasitshela kona ngesikhathi siqala{2}}kanye nezifundo ezimbalwa ezibizayo esizifunde kabuhlungu.

Amaseli e-prismatic ebangeni lezimboni adinga amasistimu okuqapha aqinile.

Kungani i-LiFePO4 nokuthi Kungani Isadinga Ukuvikelwa

Nawu umbuzo esiwuthola kumakhasimende njalo: "Ngangicabanga ukuthi i-lithium iron phosphate yayiyikhemistri ephephile. Kungani ngidinga zonke lezi zinto zokuvikela?"

Iphuzu elilungile. I-LiFePO4 iphephe ngempela kune-NCM noma i-NCA. Isakhiwo sekristalu ye-olivine asiwukhiphi umoya-mpilo lapho kushisa, okusho ukuthi ngeke uphembelele owaso umlilo ngendlela amakhemikhali ase-ternary angenza ngayo. Senze ukuhlola ukungena kwezinzipho kumaseli avela kubahlinzeki abahlanu abahlukene{4}}Amaseli e-LiFePO4 ngokuvamile afika ku-150℃futhi avele ahlale lapho ebhema. Amaseli e-NCM ekuhlolweni okufanayo? Sibone amadigri angu-600 + namalangabi angempela.

Kodwa "ukuphepha" akusho "ukuphepha." Sibe nekhasimende ngo-2021-inkampani yezokuthutha e-Guangdong{10}}elathola ukuthi i-LiFePO4 isho ukuthi ayidingi ukugadwa izinga lokushisa. Kulondolozwe mhlawumbe 800 RMB iphakethe ngalinye. Kwabe sekufika u-August, indawo yokugcina impahla yafinyelela ku-45℃ambient, uhlelo lokushaja lwalungenawo ukwehla kokushisa, futhi bagcina sebenamaphakethe amathathu avuvukele nelilodwa elaphuma umoya. Akekho owalimala, ngiyabonga. Kodwa manje bangamakhasimende ethu ashiseka kakhulu e-BMS egcwele izici.

Izinto Ezibanga Umlilo Empeleni

Ngemva kokubona inqwaba yokwehluleka kwezinkundla (okwethu nezimbangi'), nakhu okungahambi kahle:

Ukushaja yilapho 70% wezinkinga zenzeka khona.Ayikhiphi, ayishaji{0}}isitoreji. Ngokuqondile:

• Ishaja ngaphansi kuka-0℃ngaphandle kokuvikelwa-kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Amapuleti e-lithium ku-anode esikhundleni sokuhlangana kahle. Ngeke ukubone kwenzeka. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi, i-thermal runaway. Saba nekhasimende eHarbin lafunda le ndlela ebizayo.
• Ukushaja ngokweqile ngoba isilinganiso sikagesi se-BMS siye sakhukhuleka futhi akekho owaqaphela. Amaseli alinganiselwe ku-3.65V aphushwa abe ngu-3.8V umjikelezo ngamunye. Isebenza kahle izinyanga ezintathu, bese kuthi ngelinye ilanga ingasebenzi.
• Ishaja-Ukuhluleka kokuxhumana kwe-BMS. Ishaja icabanga ukuthi ibhethri liku-50% SOC, ibhethri empeleni liku-95%. Umthamo ogcwele ube cishe-ephekhini eligcwele. Izikhathi ezimbi.

Ukungalingani kweseli okungekho muntu okuqaphile.Ephaketheni le-16S, uma iseli elilodwa linomthamo ophansi ngo-50mAh kunamanye, lizoshaya u-100% SOC ngaphambi kokuthi iphekhi lenze. Qhubeka nokuhamba ngebhayisikili ngaphandle kokulinganisa, lelo seli likhokhiswa ngokweqile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Siwabonile amaphakethe ebuya ukuze athole iwaranti lapho iseli elilodwa laliku-3.9V kuyilapho amanye ehlala ku-3.5V. Lowo ngumlilo olindele ukwenzeka.

Ukulimala kwemishini okufaka engozini isihlukanisi.Ama-Forklift aphahlazeka ezintweni. Lokho kuyiqiniso nje. Uma umthelela ulimaza amaseli ngaphakathi-ngisho noma ukuhlola kwangaphandle kubonakala kulungile{3}ungathola izikhindi zangaphakathi ezibambezelekile. Yingakho sicacisa ama-casings ensimbi wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-forklift, hhayi i-aluminium. Yebo, inzima kakhulu. Yebo, kuyafaneleka.

Ukuvikela Okusebenzayo: Ukugcina Izinkinga kusukela ekuqaliseni

Imboni ihlukanisa lokhu ngokuvikela "okusebenzayo" kanye "nokungenzi lutho". Okusebenzayo kusho ukuvimbela izinto ezimbi ukuthi zenzeke. I-Passive isho ukulawula umonakalo uma kwenzeka noma kunjalo.

Qala ngamaseli ngokwawo

Kuzwakala kusobala, kodwa: thenga amaseli amahle. Sihlole amaseli angabahlinzeki abangaba ngu-20 abahlukene phakathi neminyaka edlule. Ukusabalala kwekhwalithi kuyashaqisa ngempela. Ama-specs afanayo, ukuziphatha okuhluke ngokuphelele ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kokuhlukumeza.

Okufanele ukubheke uma uhlola i-umphakeli webhethri ye-lithium yezimboni:

• Cela amavidiyo okuhlola ukungena kwezinzipho. Akuwona amashidi edatha{1}}amavidiyo angempela. Amaseli amahle ayabhema futhi ahayize. Ama-Bad cell jet flame.
• Hlola imininingwane yesihlukanisi. Izihlukanisi ze-Ceramic{1}}ezinamekwe zisingatha kangcono ingcindezi yokushisa. Sishintshele ku-ceramic{3}}ehlanganiswe ngokukhethekileyo ngo-2019 ngemva kokuba inqwaba embi yezihlukanisi ezivamile ibangele ukwehluleka kwezinkambu ezintathu kwikota eyodwa.
• Izithasiselo ze-Electrolyte zibalulekile. Izithasiselo ezingabusheki ilangabi, izithasiselo zokuvikela ukukhokhiswa ngokweqile{1}}lezi zinto azimakethi, ziwumehluko phakathi kweseli ehlulekayo kahle kanye nehluleka ngamandla.

Sichithe iminyaka emibili sifanelekela umhlinzeki wethu wamaseli wamanje. Wavakashela imboni izikhathi ezine. Ubuke inqubo yabo ye-QC. Umsebenzi uyisicefe kodwa yingakho silala ebusuku.

I-BMS iwubuchopho bebhethri, i-voltage yokuqapha, yamanje, kanye nezinga lokushisa.

I-BMS: ubuchopho obugcina yonke into iphila

Masibe ngokoqobo-i-BMS ingaba yinoma yini kusukela ku-$15 eyodwa-kusisombululo se-chip kuya kusistimu yebhodi-eningi engu-$500 enokuphelelwa amandla. Uthola lokho okukhokhelayo.

Izinkinga ezishibhile ze-BMS esizibonile:

• Ukunemba kwesilinganiso samandla kagesi esingu-±30mV. Kuseli eno-100mV phakathi "kokugcwele" kanye "nokushajwa ngokweqile ngokuyingozi," lokho akwanele.
• Akukho ukulinganisa kweseli, noma ukulinganisa kwe-passive kuphela. Ukulinganisa okwenziwayo ku-50mA kuthatha amasonto angokoqobo ukulungisa ukungalingani okukhulu.
• Iphuzu-elilodwa-le{2}}lemiklamo ehlulekayo. I-MOSFET eyodwa iyafa, iphakethe lonke alivikelekile.
• Azikho izinzwa zezinga lokushisa, noma inzwa eyodwa yalo lonke iphekhi. Ama-gradient ashisayo ngaphakathi kwephakethe elingu-20kWh angafinyelela kalula ku-15 degree. Inzwa eyodwa ayikutsheli lutho.

Okwenziwa yi-BMS efanele:

• Iqapha wonke ama-voltage eseli ngawodwana. Akuyona imojuli-izinga, iseli{2}}leveli.
• Ukulinganisa okusebenzayo kuma-currents anenjongo (sisebenzisa i-1A+ emaphaketheni ethu)
• Izinzwa eziningi zokushisa ezinokungena kwendawo
• Inzwa yamanje inembe ngokwanele ukwenza ukubala kwangempela kwe-coulomb
• Ukuxhumana neshaja ukuze uthole ukuvikelwa okuhlanganisiwe
• Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha inqamula ngaphandle kwephrosesa eyinhloko

Umehluko wezindleko phakathi kwe-BMS kadoti kanye nefanele ungaba u-$200-300 ephaketheni le-forklift. Iphakethe libiza u-$8,000+. I-forklift ibiza u-$30,000+. Indawo yokugcina impahla ehlala kuyo ibalulekile... uyabona ukuthi lokhu kuyaphi.

Uma amakhasimende esicela iseluleko ngokukhetha aumenzi webhethri ye-lithium, siyabatshela: buza nge-BMS. Cela ukubona isikimu. Uma bengeke bakubonise, hamba.

Ukulawula ukushaja: lapho imililo eminingi iqala khona

Sesikushilo lokhu kodwa kuyaphinda. Ukushaja kuyingozi.

Nakhu ukuthi kubukeka kanjani ukuvikela okufanele kokushaja:

Izinga lokushisa{0}}lokushaja okunxeshezelwe.Ngaphansi kuka-0 degree? Ungakhokhisi, noma ukhokhise ngamanani anciphe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwama-degree angama-45? Idili elifanayo. Lokhu akukona ukuzikhethela. Amaphekhi ethu ajwayelekile ngeke aze amukele ukukhokhiswa okungaphansi -ku-10℃-i-BMS ivele yenqabe ukuvala isixhumi esishajayo.

Inothi eseceleni: sibe nabathengisi abathembisa amakhasimende "amandla wokushaja ama-degree angama-20" bese ubunjiniyela kufanele bachaze ukuthi kungani lokho kungenzeki. I-lithium plating i-lithium plating. I-Physics ayinandaba nethagethi yakho yokuthengisa.

I-Voltage{0}based termination with margin.Uma amaseli elinganiselwe ngo-3.65V max, sinqamula ku-3.60V. Yebo, ulahlekelwa amandla asebenzisekayo angaba ngu-2-3%. Nawe ungaqhumi. Ukuhwebelana okuhle.

I-Passive Protection: Uma Izinto Zingalungile Noma kunjalo

Bheka, singakha amasistimu okuvikela angcono kakhulu emhlabeni futhi izinto zisazohluleka ngezikhathi ezithile. Iloli lishayela phezu kwebhethri lakho. Isikhukhula sikhipha izinto zikagesi. Othile uziba zonke izixwayiso futhi uphoqa inkokhiso ku-30 ​​degree ngoba ukulethwa kufanele kuphume.

Ukuvikela okungenzi lutho kumayelana nokukhawulela umonakalo lapho ukuvikela okusebenzayo kwehluleka.

Izithiyo ezishisayo

Phakathi kwamaseli, phakathi kwamamojula, nangaphandle kwephekhi. Umgomo awukona ukumisa ukubaleka okushisayo{1}}uma sekuqalile, kuzohamba. Umgomo uwukunciphisa ukusabalalisa ukuze ube nesikhathi sokusabela.

Sisebenzisa inhlanganisela yamashidi e-ceramic fiber phakathi kwe-module nezingubo zokulala ze-airgel ezindongeni zangaphakathi. Ayishibhile. Kodwa uma iseli elilodwa lihamba, amaseli aseduze anemizuzwana engama-30-60 ngaphambi kokuthi afinyelele izinga lokushisa elibucayi. Lokho kuvame ukuba yisikhathi esanele sokuthi amasistimu okucindezela asebenze noma ukuze iphekhi linqamule futhi liphume ngokuphephile.

Kunoma ubani othola ku-aUmhlinzeki wezixazululo zebhethri ye-LiFePO4, buza mayelana ne-thermal barrier specs. Uma bengakwazi ukukutshela ukuthi i-thermal conductivity kanye nokumelana nokuvutha kwezinto zabo ezivimbelayo, ifulegi elibomvu lelo.

Ukunciphisa umlilo

Ngokufakwa{0}}kwenani eliphezulu, ufuna ukucindezela okuzinikele. Izicishamlilo ezijwayelekile azisebenzi kahle kumabhethri e-lithium{2}}umlilo ungaphakathi, uqhutshwa ukusabela kokuzishisisa{3}}amanzi angakwazi ukukumisa.

Sisebenze namasistimu okucindezela asebenzisa ama-ejenti asuselwa ku-perfluorohexanone{0}. Zipholisa amaseli ngenkathi ziphazamisa ngamakhemikhali ukusha. Ayiphelele, kodwa ingcono kakhulu kunokuzama ukufafaza i-CO2 ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali kwangaphakathi.

Inkulumo yangempela nokho: ukucindezela kuyindlela yokugcina. Uma uhlelo lwakho lokucindezela lusebenza, ibhethri lakho selivele lonakele. Uvele ukhawulele ukulimala kwesibambiso ngaleso sikhathi. Kungcono ukungakudingi.

Idizayini ebiyelwe

I-enclove idinga ukwenza izinto eziningi:

• Iqukethe noma yimaphi amagesi aphumayo futhi uwaqondise kude nabantu
• Sinda ekuhlukunyezweni komshini (amaphakethe e-forklift ayawa, ashaywe, agijimele ezintweni)
• Gcina isilinganiso se-IP ngisho nangemva kwemithelela
• Vumela ukukhishwa kokushisa phakathi nokusebenza okuvamile kuyilapho uqukethe ukushisa phakathi nemicimbi yokushisa

Sicubungula izindawo ezivalekile zensimbi ezinemigudu yokungenisa umoya eqondiswe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zethu ze-forklift. Indlela yokukhipha umoya ibalulekile-awufuni igesi eshisa kakhulu eqondiswe ku-opharetha noma ezintweni ezivuthayo.

Ukuxilongwa Kwephutha: Ukubamba Izinkinga Ngaphambi Kokuba Umlilo

Lena yingxenye ehlukanisa amasistimu ebhethri abucayi kwashibhile.

Ukuqapha{0}isikhathi sangempela kubamba izingozi ezisheshayo-ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokuphuma kusho ukuthi kukhona okufushane; ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokushaja kusho ukuthi kukhona okungalungile. Lezi zidinga impendulo yokuvikela ngokushesha.

Kodwa izinto ezibalulekile ukuhlaziya izitayela. Iseli elihlala lishisa ngo-5℃kunomakhelwane walo cishe liphakamise ukumelana kwangaphakathi. Akuyona ingozi namuhla. Kuzoba ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. I-BMS enhle ilokha le datha, ihlaba umkhosi ithrendi, futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ubhekane nayo ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okuhleliwe esikhundleni sokusha kwendlu yezimpahla.

Senza idatha yanyanga zonke kuwo wonke amaphekhi wethu-aphakiwe. Sibambe ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphutha okungenani izikhathi eziyishumi nambili okungenzeka kube ukwehluleka kwenkambu uma kuzitshwa. Iphakethe elilodwa libonise iseli elilodwa elikhukhuleka ngo-20mV phezulu ezinyangeni ezintathu. Wayidonsa, wayihlola, wathola{5}ukonakala kwesihlukanisi sesiteji ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kushintshwe imojula, iphakethe lisasebenza kahle eminyakeni emibili kamuva.

Uma ukhuluma nomuntu onekhonoibhethri ye-lithium umlingani we-OEM, buza ngamakhono abo okuxilonga. Cela ukubona imibiko yedatha yesampula yemikhumbi. Uma bengakwazi ukukubonisa ukuhlaziya okuthrendayo kanye nedatha yokulungisa okubikezelwayo, i-BMS yabo cishe yenza ukuqapha okuyisisekelo{2}}okuyinani eliphansi elingenalutho.

Amazinga kanye nokuthi Asho Ukuthini Empeleni

UN38.3, IEC 62619, UL 1973-uzobona lezi zitifiketi yonke indawo. Nali iqiniso elingemnandi: ukwedlula lezi zindinganiso kusho ukuthi ibhethri lakho lihlangabezana nezidingo ezincane. Akusho ukuthi kuhle.

Sihlole amaphekhi esiqhudelana nawo abenazo zonke izitifiketi futhi asahluleka ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kokuhlukumeza esikwenzayo-endlini. Amazinga aphansi, hhayi usilingi.

Sekushiwo lokho, uma umphakeli engakwazi ukukubonisa lezi zitifiketi, baleka. Bayizigxobo zetafula. Ungacabangi nje ukuthi isitifiketi silingana nekhwalithi.

Ukuhlola kwethu kwangaphakathi kudlula izimfuneko ezijwayelekile. Imikhawulo yokushisa ephansi. Ukuhlukumeza kwamanje okuphezulu. Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo okunwetshiwe. Sifuna ukwazi ukuthi amaphakethe ethu ehluleka kanjani, hhayi nje ukuthi aphumelele ukuhlolwa okuthile.

Kumakhasimende adinga ukulungiselelwa ngokwezifiso-amandla kagesi angajwayelekile, izici ezithile zefomu, ukuhlanganiswa namasistimu obunikazi{1}}asebenza ne-umenzi webhethri we-lithium ngokwezifisoowenza lolu hlobo lokuhlola okunwetshiwe ufanele ukukhokhelwa. Isitifiketi sikutshela ukuthi iphekhi lihlangabezana nekhodi. Ukuhlola okunwetshiwe kukutshela ukuthi kuzokwenzeka kanjani kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Esikuncomayo Empeleni

Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu, yini okufanele uyenze uma ucacisa amabhethri ezicelo zezimboni?

Ngokweqiniso, lo mkhakha ube ngcono kakhulu kule minyaka emihlanu edlule. Lapho siqala, ingxenye yamaphakethe emakethe yayingamabhomu esikhathi. Manje abahlinzeki abaningi ababucayi bakha amasistimu aphephe ngokunengqondo. Kodwa "ukuphepha ngokunengqondo" kusashiya indawo yohlobo lwezindleko-lokunciphisa oludala imililo. Umsebenzi wakho ukuthola ukuthi yibaphi abahlinzeki abenza umsebenzi kanye nalabo abamane bahlole amabhokisi.

Ukuphepha kwebhethri akuyona i-sexy. Akwenzi ukumaketha okuhle. Akekho owake wathenga i-forklift ngoba ibhethri lalinokumelana okukhulu nokusabalalisa okushisayo okushisayo.

Kodwa yenze iphutha futhi konke okunye kuyeka ukubaluleka ngokushesha okukhulu. Sakhe isithunzi sethu kumaphakethe asebenza nje, unyaka nonyaka, ezimeni ezingabulala amasistimu ashibhile. Yilokho okufanele ukubheke kunoma yimuphi umphakeli omhlaziyayo.

Imibuzo? Sihlala sikujabulele ukukhuluma ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Yilokho esikuzele lapha.