Kuyini Ukujula Kokukhipha?
Ukujula Kokukhipha (DoD) kukala iphesenti lomthamo webhethri elisetshenziswe ngokuqhathaniswa nesamba salo somthamo wesitoreji. Ngebhethri elingu-100 Ah elikhishelwe ku-80 Ah, i-DoD ingama-80%.
Le metric ithinta ngokuqondile ukuthi ibhethri lakho lizohlala isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi unamandla angakanani okusetshenziswa ngempela. Ubudlelwano buqondile kodwa bubalulekile: I-DoD iphambene ne-State of Charge (SoC), okusho ukuthi njengoba enye ikhula, enye iyancipha.
Ubudlelwano Obuyisisekelo Phakathi Kwe-DoD Nomthamo Webhethri
Umthamo webhethri umele isamba samandla ibhethri elingawagcina lapho ishajwe ngokugcwele, ngokuvamile ivezwa ngamahora angu-ampere-(Ah) noma ama-kilowatt-amahora (kWh). Ibhethri elingu-10 kWh libamba amahora angu-10 kilowatt-kagesi uma ishajwe ngo-100%.
Inselele ukuthi awukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuphepha wonke lawo mandla. Lapha yilapho i-DoD ibaluleka khona. Uma umkhiqizi encoma i-DoD engu-80% kulelo bhethri elingu-10 kWh, kufanele ukhiphe kuphela u-8 kWh ngaphambi kokushajwa kabusha ukuze ugweme ukulimaza amaseli.
Isibalo silula:
I-DoD (%)=(Amandla Akhishiwe / Ingqikithi Yamandla) × 100
Uma usebenzise u-6 kWh ebhethrini elingu-8 kWh, i-DoD yakho ingama-75%. I-2 kWh esele imele i-SoC yakho yama-25%. Lawa mamethrikhi amabili ahlala enesilinganiso esingu-100% - ayizilinganiso ezihambisanayo zento efanayo ebhekwa ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile ngoba umthamo ukutshela lokho onakho, kuyilapho i-DoD ikutshela ukuthi ingakanani ongayisebenzisa ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokunciphisa impilo yebhethri.
Indlela Ehluke Ngayo Amakhemistri Ebhethri Aphatha Ngayo Ukujula Kokukhipha
Ikhemistri yebhethri inquma ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi ungakhipha kujule kangakanani ngaphandle kokulimaza. Umehluko uyamangalisa futhi uthinta kokubili ukusebenza kanye nezomnotho.
Amabhethri-E-Acid Eholayo
Amabhethri e-asidi aholayo{0}endabuko anemikhawulo ye-DoD ekhawulelwe kakhulu. Abakhiqizi abaningi batusa ukuthi uhlale ku-DoD engu-50% noma ngaphansi ukuze uthole ukuphila okuphelele. Khipha ngale komkhawulo futhi ubeka engcupheni yokulimala okungapheli kwe-sulfation kumapuleti.
Ibhethri eliholayo{{0}le-asidi elilinganiselwe imijikelezo engu-200-300 ku-50% DoD lizoletha imijikelezo embalwa kakhulu uma lishajwa njalo kufika ku-80%. Ukugqwala kwegridi, ukuncipha kokusebenza okusebenzayo, kanye nokunwetshwa kwamapuleti amahle kushesha kakhulu ngokuphuma okujulile. Izinga lokushisa lihlanganisa le nkinga - amabhethri asebenza ngaphezu kuka-30℃ubudala ngisho ngokushesha nakakhulu uma ekhishwe ngokujulile.
Amabhethri e-Lithium-Ion
Ubuchwepheshe be-Lithium-ion bunikeza ukubekezelelana okungcono kakhulu kwe-DoD. Amabhethri e-lithium yesimanje-i-ion ngokuvamile asekela i-80-100% DoD, enamasistimu amaningi ekhwalithi ephezulu alinganiselwe imijikelezo yokukhipha ngokuphelele.
Inzuzo iyakwazi ukulinganiswa. Lapho ibhethri lomthofu-elinomthamo osebenzisekayo ongu-50% lidinga umthamo olinganiselwe kabili ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zamandla, ibhethri ye-lithium{3}}ion eno-80-100% DoD iletha umthamo wayo olinganiselwe ogcwele njengamandla asebenzisekayo.
I-Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)
Amabhethri e-LiFePO4 amele isiqongo samanje sokusebenza kwe-DoD. Nakuba ngobuchwepheshe bekwazi ukwenza i-DoD engu-100%, abakhiqizi abaningi batusa ukukhawulela ukukhishwa ku-80-90% ukuze kwandiswe impilo yomjikelezo.
Umehluko ongokoqobo mkhulu. Amabhethri e-LiFePO4 angaletha imijikelezo engu-5,{3}} ku-80% DoD. Ku-100% DoD, ikhemistri yebhethri efanayo yehlela cishe emijikelezweni engu-2,000-3,000. Ngokusebenza ku-10% DoD, impilo yomjikelezo ingadlula imijikelezo engu-14,000 - ebonisa ubudlelwano obucacile phakathi kokujula kokukhishwa nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Ucwaningo nge-LiFePO4 lweIbhethri Lamandlaizinhlelo zokusebenza zibonisa lawa maseli agcina ukugcinwa kwamandla okuhle kakhulu ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Uma i-DoD ikhawulelwe ku-10-70%, amabhethri ehla kancane kakhulu kunalawo agibele ibhayisikili esuka ku-0-100%, nokugcinwa komthamo kuhlala kuqinile ngisho naku-60℃.
Umthelela Obalulekile we-DoD ku-Cycle Life
Impilo yomjikelezo - inani lokushaja-imijikelezo yokukhipha ibhethri elingakwazi ukuyigcina ngaphambi kokuba umthamo wehle ube ngaphansi kuka-80% woqobo - unobudlelwano obuhlukile bokuchayeka ne-DoD. Ukukhishwa okujulile kusho imijikelezo isiyonke embalwa, kodwa ubudlelwano abukho emgqeni.
IMathematics of Degradation
Ukonakaliswa kwebhethri kulandela lokho abacwaningi abakubiza ngokuthi umgomo "wokushintshwa kwamandla". Ibhethri elijikelezwe ku-100% DoD lingase lilethe imijikelezo engu-300-500. Lelo bhethri elifanayo ku-50% DoD lingafinyelela imijikelezo engu-1,000-1,500. Ku-20% DoD, isibalo somjikelezo singafinyelela ku-2,000-5,000 kuye ngekhemistri.
Isamba semijikelezo yokuphuma kwamandla - ephindwe nge-DoD - ihlala ishintshashintsha phakathi kwamabanga okusebenza anengqondo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhethri eliletha imijikelezo engu-500 ku-100% DoD linikeza amandla afanayo esikhathi sonke sokuphila njengalowo oletha imijikelezo engu-2,000 ku-25% DoD.
Ngamabhethri e-lithium{0}}ion ngokukhethekile, idatha ibonisa ukuthuthuka okumangazayo ngokukhipha ingxenye. Iseli ye-lithium{2}esekelwe ku-cobalt{3}}ingase izuze:
Imijikelezo engu-300-500 ku-100% DoD
Imijikelezo engu-1,200-1,500 ku-80% DoD
Imijikelezo engu-2,000-2,500 ku-50% DoD
Imijikelezo engu-4,000-6,000 ku-25% DoD
15,{1}} imijikelezo ku-10% DoD
Kungani Ukujula Kubaluleke Kakhulu Kunokuba Ucabanga
Ukucindezeleka okubangelwa imijikelezo yokukhishwa okujulile kuthinta izindlela eziningi zokuwohloka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Njengoba i-DoD ikhula, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuyakhuphuka, ama-electrode abhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu komshini kusukela ekwandeni nasekufinyezeni, futhi ukusabela ohlangothini lwamakhemikhali kuyashesha.
Ku-NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminium) Amaseli Amandla Ebhethri asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi, ucwaningo lubonisa ububanzi besikhawu sokukhishwa bubaluleke ngaphezu kwemingcele ephelele. Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili phakathi kuka-10-70% we-DoD kukhiqiza ukuwohloka okuncane kakhulu kunokugibela ibhayisikili ukusuka ku-0-100%, nakuba kokubili kumelela ububanzi obungu-60%.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kumakhemikhali e-LFP kanye ne-NCM, ithonya le-DoD libonakala lincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nezinga lokushisa kanye nemvamisa yomjikelezo, okuphakamisa ukuthi lezi zindawo zamakhemikhali zesimanje zinikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekulawuleni ukukhishwa.
Amasu okuphatha we-DoD asebenzayo
Ukuphatha i-DoD ngempumelelo kudinga kokubili amasistimu obuchwepheshe kanye neziyalo zokusebenza. Umgomo ukulinganisa umthamo osebenzisekayo ngokumelene nokuphila isikhathi eside nezindleko.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesistimu Yokuphatha Ibhethri
I-Modern Battery Management Systems (BMS) ilawula i-DoD nge-algorithms eyinkimbinkimbi. Lawa masistimu ahlala eqapha i-voltage yeselula, yamanje, izinga lokushisa, kanye ne-SoC elinganiselwe ukuze avimbele-ukukhipha ngaphezulu.
I-BMS ivimbela ukulimala ngezindlela eziningi:
Ukuqapha amandla kagesi kubamba amaseli asondela emikhawulweni kagesi encane
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamanje (ukubala kwe-coulomb) kulandelela ukugeleza kwamandla ngokunemba okuphezulu
Izihlungi ze-Kalman zihlanganisa i-voltage nedatha yamanje yokulinganisa okunembile kwe-SoC
Izilawuli zokunqamula zinqamula imithwalo lapho umkhawulo we-DoD ufinyelelwa
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zebhethri lamandla ezimotweni zikagesi, i-BMS ivamise ukukhawulela ububanzi obusebenzisekayo bufike ku-10-90% SoC (80% DoD) ukuze kuvikelwe amaseli. Le ndawo yebhafa iqinisekisa ukuthi amaseli awalokothi afinyelele ama-voltage aphansi kakhulu angadala umonakalo ongalungiseki.
Uhlelo-Ukucatshangelwa Okuqondile
Amacala okusetshenziswa ahlukene adinga amasu e-DoD ahlukene:
Isitoreji Samandla Elanga:Amasistimu ngokuvamile asayizi wamabhange ebhethri ukuze akhawulele i-DoD yansuku zonke ibe ngu-20-30%, nge-DoD enkulu yesizini engu-50-60%. Le ndlela yokonga ikhulisa iminyaka engu-20 yokuphila elindelwe kulokhu kufakwa. Ibhange lebhethri likhulu ngokweqile ngamabomu uma kuqhathaniswa nezidingo zansuku zonke zamandla.
Izimoto zikagesi:Ama-EV esimanje aphatha ibhalansi ethambile. Ububanzi obubonisiwe obungu-0-100% ngokuvamile bumele u-10-90% womthamo weseli wangempela. Le DoD engu-80% esebenzisekayo ivikela ibhethri ngenkathi inikeza ububanzi obusebenzayo. Abanye abakhiqizi, ikakhulukazi labo abasebenzisa amaseli e-LFP, bavumela ukushaja okuvamile ukuthi kuboniswe u-100% ngoba ikhemistri engaphansi ibekezelela kakhulu.
Amarobhothi eselula nama-AGV:Lawa masistimu abeka phambili isikhathi sokusebenza. I-BMS iqondise ku-20-80% SoC (60% DoD) emisebenzini evamile, ngokukhipha okujulile okuvunyelwe kuphela phakathi nemishini eyandisiwe. Ukulandelela okuqondile kwe-SoC kwenza amarobhothi azulazule abuyele eziteshini zokushaja ngaphambi kokufinyelela emazingeni abalulekile.
Igridi-Isitoreji sesikali:I-BESS Enkulu (Izinhlelo Zesitoreji Samandla Ebhethri) ngokuvamile zisebenza kububanzi obuncane be-DoD (30-50%) ukuze kwandiswe ukubala komjikelezo ngaphezu komkhathi wokusebenza weminyaka eyi-10-15. Ezomnotho zikhetha ukuphila isikhathi eside kunokukhipha umthamo omkhulu ngomjikelezo ngamunye.
Ibanga elilungile le-DoD ngohlelo lokusebenza
Ucwaningo nedatha yasendle isungule imihlahlandlela esebenzayo:
I-Consumer Electronics:I-20-80% ye-SoC (60% DoD) ikhulisa ibhalansi esebenzayo phakathi kwamandla nesikhathi sokuphila
Izimoto zikagesi:I-10-90% SoC (80% DoD) inikezela ngebanga elanele ngenkathi iqinisekisa impilo yebhethri yeminyaka eyi-8-10
Isitoreji Solar:I-DoD yansuku zonke engu-20-50% nemijikelezo ejulile yezikhathi ezithile yokugcinwa kwesizini
Izicelo zezimboni:30-70% DoD yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga imijikelezo emi-5,{2}}
Isipele Esiphuthumayo:Igcinwe ku-90-100% SoC (i-DoD ephansi) kuze kube yilapho idingeka, bese ikhishwa ngokudingekayo
Izinga lokushisa kanye ne-DoD: Umphumela Ohlanganisayo
Izinga lokushisa aligcini nje ngokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwebhethri - liyishintsha kakhulu i-DoD-ukuba{2}}ijikelezise-ubudlelwano bempilo. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme asheshisa ukuwohloka kunoma iyiphi i-DoD, kodwa umphumela uhlanganiswa kakhulu nokuphuma okujulile.
Idatha ibonisa ukuthi ibhethri ye-lithium{0}}ion egcinwe ku-25℃ilahlekelwa umthamo omncane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuma-degree angu-40 , ukulahlekelwa umthamo kukhula ngesivinini ngesici esingu-4-6x. Uma ungeza imijikelezo yokukhipha ejulile (80-100% DoD) ekushiseni okuphakeme, ukuwohloka kungaba ngokushesha okungu-10-15x kunemijikelezo engajulile ekushiseni okulingene.
Yingakho amasistimu okulawula okushisayo ezimotweni zikagesi epholisa amabhethri ngesikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo nemicimbi yokukhipha kakhulu. Umgomo akukhona nje ukuphatha izinga lokushisa elisheshayo - uwukuvikela ukuwohloka okwehlayo okwenzeka lapho i-DoD ephezulu nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuhlangana.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zesitoreji esimile, ukunakekela amabhethri ebangeni le-15-25℃degree kuyilapho ukhawulela i-DoD ukuya ku-50-60% kunganweba impilo yokusebenza isuka emijikelezweni engu-5,000 iye kweyi-10,{5}} imijikelezo - ngokuphumelela kabili ubude besikhathi besistimu obusebenzisekayo.
Imithelela Yezomnotho Yokukhetha Kwe-DoD
Isibalo sezimali esizungeze i-DoD sibandakanya izindleko zangaphambili uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lempilo yonke. Isistimu yebhethri enobukhulu obungu-50% i-DoD ibiza ngokuphindwe kabili kunosayizi owodwa we-100% DoD ukuletha umthamo ofanayo osebenzisekayo. Kepha uhlelo lwe-DoD lwama-50% luzohlala isikhathi eside ngama-3-4x.
Nasi isibonelo sezomnotho esenziwe lula:
Isimo A:Umthamo olinganiselwe we-100 kWh, u-100% we-DoD ovunyelwe
Amandla asebenzisekayo: 100 kWh
Impilo yomjikelezo: Imijikelezo engu-2,000
Amandla empilo yonke: 200,000 kWh
Izindleko: $50,000
Izindleko nge-kWh ngomjikelezo: $0.25
Isimo B:200 kWh amandla alinganiselwe, 50% umkhawulo we-DoD
Amandla asebenzisekayo: 100 kWh (okufanayo)
Impilo yomjikelezo: Imijikelezo engu-5,000
Amandla okuphila konke: 500,000 kWh
Izindleko: $100,000
Izindleko nge-kWh ngomjikelezo: $0.20
Indlela ye-DoD engu-50% ibiza ngokuphindwe kabili kunakuqala kodwa iletha izindleko eziphansi ezingu-20% ngeyunithi ngayinye yamandla esikhathini sokuphila kwesistimu. Lesi sibalo siba ngcono nakakhulu lapho kufakwa izindleko zokumiselela, isikhathi sokuphumula, nokunakekelwa.
Kuzicelo zentengiso, ukubalwa kwembuyiselo kuncike kakhulu emjikelezweni womsebenzi. Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili-okuvame kakhulu (imijikelezo eminingi ngosuku) kuthanda kakhulu imikhawulo ye-DoD elondolozayo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokuhamba ngebhayisikili okungajwayelekile zingabekezelela ukukhipha okujulile ngaphandle kwesijeziso esibalulekile sezomnotho.
Real{{0}Idatha Yokusebenza Kwe-DoD Yomhlaba
Idatha yenkundla evela kumasistimu asetshenzisiwe inikeza ukuqinisekiswa okubalulekile kwezibikezelo zaselabhorethri. Ucwaningo lwamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi lubonise ukuthi abashayeli abahlale beshaja ku-100% futhi abakhipha ngaphansi kuka-20% (80%+ DoD) bahlangabezane nokuwohloka komthamo osheshayo ngo-15-20% kunalabo abagcina amafasitela e-charge angu-20-80% (60% DoD).
Ukufakwa kwesitoreji selanga kubonisa amaphethini afanayo. Amasistimu ahlelelwe u-30% wansuku zonke we-DoD enza i-avareji yemijikelezo engu-7,500 ngaphambi kokufinyelela umthamo ongu-80%, kuyilapho lawo ayevame ukuhamba ngamabhayisikili aye ku-60% DoD afinyelela endaweni efanayo yokuwohloka kwemijikelezo engu-4,200 - ecishe ifane ncamashi nesilinganiso esibikezelwe esingu-2:1.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi idatha yangempela-yomhlaba ibonisa ukuthi ukukhishwa okujulile ngezikhathi ezithile kubangela ukulimala okuncane kunokugibela ibhayisikili elijulile elivamile. Isistimu yebhethri esebenza ku-30% DoD 90% wesikhathi kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile ikhipha ku-80% DoD igcina impilo yomjikelezo eduze kwesisekelo esingu-30% se-DoD. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi amabhethri angakwazi ukubekezelela izehlakalo zokuxineka ngezikhathi ezithile inqobo nje uma ukusebenza okujwayelekile kusalokhu kuvamile.
Amasu Okuthuthukisa I-DoD Athuthukile
Amasu ayinkimbinkimbi okuphatha ibhethri adlulela ngale kwemikhawulo ye-DoD emile aye ekwenziweni okuhle okuguquguqukayo okusekelwe ezintweni eziningi.
I-Adaptive DoD Control
Ukuqaliswa kwe-BMS yesimanje kulungisa i-DoD evumelekile ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yebhethri nempilo. Ibhethri elisha lingase livumele u-80% we-DoD, kodwa njengoba Isimo Sezempilo (SoH) sincipha siye ku-90%, isistimu ikhawulela ngokuzenzakalelayo i-DoD ku-70% ukuze kugcinwe impilo yomjikelezo eyamukelekayo kuso sonke isikhathi sokusebenza.
Le ndlela yokuguquguquka ikhulisa-umthamo wempilo yangaphambi kwesikhathi kuyilapho ilawula ukuguga kahle, inweba ukuphila okuwusizo okuphelele ngo-20-30% uma kuqhathaniswa namasu e-DoD angaguquki.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwewindi Lesimo Sokukhokhiswa
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi isikhundla sewindi lokukhipha sibaluleke kakhulu njengobubanzi balo. Ukugibela ibhayisekili phakathi-kwebanga (40-60% SoC, noma 20% DoD egxile ekushajeni okungu-50%) kukhiqiza ingcindezi encane kunokugibela ibhayisikili lapho uqina khona, ngisho naku-DoD efanayo.
Ngokwesibonelo:
Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili 80-100% SoC kuya ku-0-20% SoC (80% DoD): Ingcindezi ephezulu
Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili 90-50% SoC kuya ku-10-50% SoC (80% DoD, igxile ku-50%): Ingcindezi ephansi
Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba amaseli e-lithium{0}}e-ion abhekana nobunzima obukhulu kumazinga e-SoC aphezulu kakhulu naphansi kakhulu. Ukusebenza endaweni ekhululekile emaphakathi kunciphisa ukucindezelwa komshini kuma-electrode futhi kunciphisa ukusabela okungafuneki ohlangothini.
Ukuhlela i-DoD ebikezelayo
Amasistimu axhunyiwe{{0}egridi anamaphethini esidingo angabikezelwa angalungisa kusengaphambili imikhawulo ye-DoD. Uma ama-algorithms ebikezela izinsuku ezintathu ezilandelanayo zesidingo esikhulu sokukhishwa, isistimu ingase ikhawulele i-DoD ezinsukwini ezandulele ukuze kulondolozwe ukuphila komjikelezo-kusikhathi sokucindezeleka okuphezulu okuzayo.
Amamodeli okufunda ngomshini ahlaziya amaphethini omlando, izibikezelo zesimo sezulu, namasignali egridi ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhwebo-phakathi kokulethwa kwamandla nokugcinwa kwebhethri{1}}ngesikhathi sangempela.
I-DoD Measurement and Monitoring
Ukuzimisela okunembile kwe-DoD kudinga ukulinganisa okunembile kwe-SoC - ngokwayo inkinga eyinselele. Izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zikhona:
I-Voltage-Isilinganiso Esisekelwe
I-voltage yebhethri ihambisana ne-SoC, okuvumela ukukalwa kwamandla kagesi ukuthi kulinganisele izinga lokushaja. Kodwa-ke, lobu budlelwano abuncikile-emgqeni kanye nakukhemistri{2}}. Amabhethri e-LiFePO4 agcina i-voltage eyisicaba uma kuqhathaniswa ku-10-90% SoC, okwenza i-voltage iyodwa inganele ekunqumeni okunembile kwe-DoD kule khemistri.
Izindlela ezisekelwe ku-Voltage{0}zisebenza kahle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa (igcwele kakhulu noma ayinalutho kakhulu) lapho amandla kagesi eshintsha kakhulu kakhulu ngeyunithi ngayinye yokushintsha kwamandla.
Ukubala kweCoulomb
Ukuhlanganisa ukugeleza kwamanje ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunikeza isilinganiso esiqondile senkokhiso edlulisiwe. Uma ibhethri iqala ku-100% SoC futhi ilethe u-30 Ah, uyazi ukuthi ibhethri lingu-30 Ah elikhishwe ligcwele.
Inselele iphutha eliqoqiwe. Ukungalungi kokulinganisa okuncane kuhlanganisa izinkulungwane zemijikelezo. Ukulungiswa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile ngemijikelezo yokushaja egcwele/yokukhipha noma ukulungisa{2}}okusekelwe ku-voltage kuvimbela ukukhukhuleka.
Imodeli-Isilinganiso Esisekelwe
Ama-algorithms athuthukisiwe ahlanganisa i-voltage, yamanje, izinga lokushisa, namamodeli ebhethri ukuze alinganisele i-SoC ngamandla. Izihlungi ze-Kalman nezindlela ezifanayo zihlanganisa imithombo yedatha eminingi, iqhubeka icwengisa izilinganiso njengoba izilinganiso ezintsha zifika.
Lezi zindlela zithola ±2-ukunemba okungu-3% ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi sangempela, okunika amandla ukulawula kwe-DoD okunembayo ngisho nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinzima ezinemithwalo eguquguqukayo namazinga okushisa.
Imibono eyiphutha evamile ye-DoD
Izinkolelo eziningana ezisabalele nge-DoD aziqiniseki ngaphansi kokuhlolwa:
"Amabhethri e-lithium adinga imijikelezo yokukhishwa egcwele ngezikhathi ezithile"- Amanga. Ngokungafani namabhethri asuselwa ku-nickel{2}, i-lithium-amaseli e-ion awanawo umthelela wenkumbulo. Imijikelezo yokukhishwa okugcwele yengeza ingcindezi ngaphandle kwenzuzo. Ukulungiswa kabusha kwesikali sikaphethiloli ngezikhathi ezithile kungase kudinge umjikelezo ogcwele, kodwa ibhethri ngokwalo aliyidingi.
"I-DoD ephezulu ihlala isho inani elingcono"- Akunjalo. Ngenkathi ukukhipha umthamo owengeziwe ngomjikelezo ngamunye kubonakala kusebenza kahle, ukuwohloka okusheshisiwe kuvame ukungayinaki inzuzo. I-DoD yezomnotho elungile incike kubuningi bomjikelezo, izindleko zokushintshwa, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza.
"Wonke amabhethri ekhemistri efanayo anezici ze-DoD ezifanayo"- Amanga. Ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza, idizayini yeseli, nokwakheka kwama-electrode kudala ukuhluka okukhulu ngisho nangaphakathi kwesigaba samakhemikhali esisodwa. Hlala ubhekisela ekucacisweni komkhiqizi kunemihlahlandlela yekhemikhali ejwayelekile.
"I-DoD ibalulekile kuphela empilweni yomjikelezo"- Akulungile. Ukukhipha okujulile kuthinta ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, amandla okulethwa kwamandla, nokuguga kwekhalenda. Ibhethri elishajwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ku-100% DoD lingase libe nezikhindi zangaphakathi noma izinkinga ezishisayo ezihlukene nomjikelezo olula wokonakaliswa kwesibalo{4}.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-DoD ne-SoC?
I-DoD ne-SoC yiziphelelisi zezibalo. I-DoD ikala ukuthi ungakanani umthamo owusebenzisile (ithangi elingenalutho), kuyilapho i-SoC ikala ukuthi yimalini esele (igeji likaphethiloli). Zihlala zifinyelela ku-100%. Ibhethri eku-70% SoC ine-DoD engu-30%.
Ngingakwazi ukukhipha ibhethri lami ngokuphephile ku-100% DoD?
Kuncike kukhemikhali yebhethri kanye nokucaciswa komkhiqizi. Amabhethri esimanje e-LiFePO4 angakwazi ukuphatha i-100% DoD, nakuba ukukhawulela ku-80-90% kunweba ubude bempilo. Amabhethri omthofu-akumele eqe u-50% we-DoD. Amaseli e-lithium-ion ayahluka kodwa ngokuvamile abekezelela i-80-100% DoD. Hlala ubheka imininingwane ethile yomkhiqizo.
I-DoD ikuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwebhethri lamandla ezimotweni zikagesi?
Izimoto zikagesi zisebenzisa amasistimu e-BMS ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze zilawule i-DoD ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuphephile (imvamisa u-10-90% womthamo weseli wangempela). Ishaja ebonisiwe ethi "100%" ngokuvamile imelela cishe u-90% womthamo wangempela, ivikela ibhethri kuzo zombili izimo eziphakeme kakhulu neziphansi ze-SoC. Le ndlela ye-DoD ephethwe inika amandla imijikelezo engu-1,500-2,000 esikhathini sonke sokuphila kwemoto, ehambisana namamayela angu-150,000-300,000 okushayela kuye ngosayizi webhethri namaphethini okushayela.
Ingabe i-DoD ibalulekile ngamabhethri akusitoreji?
Yebo, kodwa ngokuhlukile. Amabhethri agcinwe ngaphandle kokuhamba ngebhayisikili kufanele agcinwe eku-40-60% SoC (i-DoD ephansi kusukela ekushajweni okuphezulu) ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguga kwekhalenda. Ukushaja okugcwele (0% DoD) nokukhipha okugcwele (100% DoD) kokubili kusheshisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokulondoloza, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.
