Liyini Isilinganiso Sokukhipha?

Izinga lokukhipha likala ukuthi ibhethri liwakhipha ngokushesha kangakanani amandla alo agciniwe, achazwa njengamanje (ama-ampere) uma kuqhathaniswa nomthamo webhethri lisebenzisa-isistimu yesilinganiso esingu-C. Izinga lokukhishwa kwe-1C lisho ukuthi ibhethri izophuma ngokugcwele ehoreni elilodwa, kuyilapho izinga le-2C liyiqeda emizuzwini engu-30.

Umqondo uthinta ngokuqondile ukuthi idivayisi yakho isebenza isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi ibhethri lingakwazi yini ukunika amandla ngokuphephile okokusebenza kwakho. Ukuqonda izinga lokukhipha amandla kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe amabhethri afanelekile ezinhlelo zokusebenza kusukela kuma-smartphone kuya ezimotweni zikagesi, lapho izidingo zokulethwa kwamandla zihluka kakhulu.

Abakhiqizi bebhethri nonjiniyela basebenzisa-isilinganiso sebhethri njengendlela emisiwe yokuchaza isivinini sokukhipha kuwo wonke amasayizi ebhethri ahlukene. I-"C" imele umthamo webhethri, okwenza ukuqhathanisa kuqonde ngqo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlola iseli elincane elingu-2000mAh noma iphakethe lebhethri elikhulu elingu-100Ah.

Ubudlelwano bezibalo bulula: ukukhipha kwamanje (A)=C-isilinganiso × umthamo webhethri (Ah). Ngebhethri engu-50Ah ekhishwa ku-1C, ukugeleza kwamanje kungu-50A, okuthatha ihora elilodwa. Ku-0.5C, lelo bhethri elifanayo liletha u-25A amahora amabili. Lobu budlelwano obuphambene phakathi kwamanje nesikhathi buhlala buhambisana.

Ukuhlolwa komhlaba-kwangempela okuvela ku-Battery University kubonisa ukuthi ibhethri elingu-1Ah ku-2C kufanele lilethe umthamo ogcwele emaminithini angu-30. Kodwa-ke, ukulahlekelwa kwangaphakathi kuguqula amandla athile ekushiseni, kunciphisa umthamo wangempela ube cishe u-95%. Ngokuphambene, ukukhipha ku-0.5C kuvame ukukhiqiza ukufundwa kwamandla ngaphezu kuka-100% ngoba amanani aphansi anciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwangaphakathi.

Amazinga ahlukene okukhipha asebenzela izinjongo ezihlukile. Izinga elingu-0.2C (ukukhipha amahora angu-5{3}) lifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukulethwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo,{5}}nesikhathi eside. Izimo zokusebenza okuphezulu njengendiza ye-drone noma amanani esidingo sokusheshisa imoto kagesi we-3C kuya ku-10C, lapho amabhethri kufanele akhulule amandla amakhulu ngokushesha.

I-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) icacisa u-0.2C njengezinga lokukhishwa elijwayelekile lokuhlola amabhethri e-ion 3.6V lithium{2}}. Kuleli zinga, umthamo okaliwe ufana eduze nomthamo olinganiselwe. Ukuhlola okwenziwa i-XTAR kumaseli angu-18650 kubonise ukufundwa kwamandla okungu-3494mAh no-3489mAh kokuthi 0.2C kumabhethri alinganiselwe kokuthi 3500mAh{10}}ukwehluka okungaphansi kuka-0.5%.

Isivinini okhipha ngaso ibhethri ngokuyisisekelo sishintsha ukuziphatha kwalo namandla atholakalayo. Lobu budlelwano busukela ekuphikiseni kwangaphakathi, okukhona kuwo wonke amabhethri kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhemistri noma ikhwalithi.

Ngamazinga aphezulu okukhipha, amandla amaningi aguqulela ekushiseni kunamandla kagesi asebenzisekayo kumatheminali. Ibhethri-leasidi elilinganiselwe ku-100Ah lingase lilethe umthamo walo ogcwele lapho lishajwa ngaphezu kwamahora angu-20 (0.05C), kodwa ibhethri elifanayo elilahlwa ngehora elilodwa (1C) ngokuvamile linikeza kuphela u-80-85Ah ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okungeziwe kwangaphakathi.

Imiphumela yezinga lokushisa ibonakala ngamazinga aphakeme okukhipha. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-ACS Energy Letters lubonisa ukuthi amabhethri asebenza ku-C{1}}amazinga aphezulu athola ukushisa okuphawulekayo, okusheshisa ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali. Ucwaningo lwango-2024 lwamabhethri emoto kagesi luthole ukuthi ukugcina amazinga okukhishwa phakathi kuka-0.2C no-0.5C kuthuthukisa ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza, ukuphila isikhathi eside, nokuphepha.

Ukuziphatha kwe-voltage kushintsha ngokuphawulekayo kuwo wonke amazinga okukhipha. Ukukhipha-izinga eliphezulu kubangela ukuba i-voltage yehle ngokushesha okukhulu, ifike lapho kunqamuka khona ngokushesha kunokukhishwa kancane. Lokhu kuncipha kwamandla kagesi kunciphisa amandla asebenzayo ongawakhipha. Kusistimu yebhethri ye-lithium engu-24V, ukuchithwa ku-1C kungase kubonise i-voltage ezinzile cishe ku-25V, kuyilapho ukukhishwa kwe-3C kungase kwehlise i-voltage yokusebenza ibe ngu-22V ngaphansi komthwalo.

Ijika lokukhipha{0}}i-voltage yokuhlela igrafu ngesikhathi-ibonisa lo mehluko ngokucacile. Amabhethri e-Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) abonisa amajika okukhipha ayisicaba ngisho namazinga amaphakathi, agcina i-voltage engaguquki kuze kube{4}}useduze nokuphuma okuphelele. Lesi sici sizenza zifaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuphuma kwamandla okuzinzile.

discharge rate

Ukunquma izinga elifanele lokukhipha kudinga ukuqonda izidingo zamandla edivayisi yakho nokuzifanisa nezicaciso zebhethri. Ifomula eyisisekelo ihlinzeka ngendawo yokuqala: C-isilinganiso=sokukhipha amandla (A) ÷ umthamo webhethri (Ah).

Cabangela ibhethri elingu-100Ah elinika amandla umthwalo odonsa u-50A. Isibalo sesilinganiso esingu-C-sikhipha u-0.5C (50 ÷ 100), okusho ukuthi ibhethri izophuma emahoreni amabili. Ukuze ulinganisele isikhathi sokusebenza, sebenzisa: isikhathi (amahora)=umthamo webhethri (Ah) ÷ ukukhishwa kwamanje (A). Kulesi sibonelo: 100Ah ÷ 50A=2 amahora.

Ukulethwa kwamandla kwethula obunye ubukhulu. Ibhethri engu-12V ku-50A iletha ama-600W (12V × 50A). Njengoba i-voltage yehla ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, ukulethwa kwamandla kwangempela kuyehla ngisho noma i-current ihlala ingashintshi. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani amadivayisi{8}asebenza ngebhethri evamise ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuthi ibhethri libonakale lingenalutho ngokuphelele.

Ngoba24V amabhethri e-lithiumevame ukusetshenziswa kumasistimu elanga nezimoto zikagesi, ukukhethwa kwezinga lokukhipha kuthinta kakhulu ukwakheka kwesistimu. Iphakethe lebhethri elingu-100Ah 24V ligcina u-2400Wh wamandla. Ku-0.5C (50A), ngokwethiyori inikeza i-1200W amahora amabili. Nokho,{9}ukusebenza kahle komhlaba kwangempela ngokuvamile kusuka ku-85-95%, kuye ngezinga lokukhipha kanye nezinga lokushisa.

Izinga eliphakeme uma liqhathaniswa namazinga okukhishwa aqhubekayo adinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela. Amabhethri amaningi acacisa izilinganiso ezihlukile zalezi zimo. Ibhethri lingase liphathe i-3C ngokuqhubekayo kodwa lisekele ukuphakama okungu-5C amasekhondi angu-10-30. Lo mehluko ubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinemithwalo eguquguqukayo, njengamathuluzi kagesi noma amabhayisikili kagesi adinga ukuqhuma kwamandla aphezulu ngezikhathi ezithile.

Amasistimu okuphatha ibhethri (BMS) kumabhethri e-lithium esimanje aqapha ngenkuthalo amanani okukhipha. Lezi zinhlelo zivimbela ukulimala ngokusika amandla uma ukudonsa kwamanje kweqa imingcele ephephile. Ukuqonda ukucaciswa kwe-BMS yakho kuqinisekisa ukuthi awuklami isistimu ebangela ukuvalwa kokuvikela ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile.

Amakhemistri amabhethri ahlukene abonisa izici ezihlukile zokukhipha, okwenza ezinye zifanele kangcono-izinhlelo zokusebenza zenani eliphakeme kanti ezinye zihamba phambili ekukhishweni{1}}kwezinga eliphansi, eliqhubekayo.

Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion abonisa ukusebenza okuqinile ebangeni elibanzi lamazinga okuphuma. Amaseli wamandla (alungiselelwe umthamo) ngokuvamile asekela ukukhipha okuqhubekayo okungu-1C, kuyilapho amaseli amandla (alungiselelwe ukulethwa kwamanje) akwazi ukuphatha u-5-10C ngokuqhubekayo. Ucwaningo lwango-2024 lukhombisa ukuthi ikhemistri ye-lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) ibekezelela ukukhishwa kwe-3C ngokuncipha komthamo omncane, okwenza idume ezimotweni zikagesi.

Amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate anikeza ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa futhi angagcina amazinga okukhishwa aphezulu ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu. Ukuhlola kumaseli e-LiFePO4 kuveza ukuthi agcina umthamo ongaphezu kuka-95% ekukhishweni kwe-1C, ehla cishe ku-90% ku-3C. Iphrofayili yabo yokuphepha ethuthukisiwe ngamazinga aphezulu okukhishwa ibenza bancamele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla namabhasi kagesi.

Amabhethri omthofu{{0}abonisa ukwehla kwamandla e-acid ngamazinga aphezulu okuphuma{1}}into echazwe uMthetho ka-Peukert. Ibhethri elilinganiselwe ngo-100Ah ngo-C/20 (izinga lamahora angu-20-) lingaletha kuphela u-70-75Ah ku-1C. Ukuziphatha okuvilaphayo kwale khemistri kukhawulela ku-0.2C (amahora angu-5) noma u-0.05C (amahora angu-20) ezinhlelweni eziningi. I-modern absorbed glass mat (AGM) kanye nemiklamo ye-lead-acid evaliwe ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinga eliphezulu ngandlela thile kodwa isasele ngemuva kobuchwepheshe be-lithium.

Amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) athatha indawo emaphakathi, asekela amazinga okuphuma angu-0.2C kuya ku-1C ngempumelelo. Nakuba ingafani namakhono e-lithium{4}}i-ion, ihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuthembekile kwamathuluzi kagesi, izimoto eziyingxubevange, nama-electronics omthengi ngezindleko ezizwakalayo.

Ukwakhiwa kwangaphakathi kuthonya kakhulu amandla okukhipha. Amabhethri-aphakeme kakhulu asebenzisa izinto ze-electrode ezine-conductivity engcono futhi ehlisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi ngokwenza idizayini ibe ngcono. Ukuhlaziya kuka-Grepow okuqhathanisa-izinga eliphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri avamile ekukhishweni okungu-40C kubonise-izinga eliphezulu lebhethri eligcinwe ngu-14.5V wamandla kagesi uma liqhathaniswa no-12.5V ngokwejwayelekile, okubonisa ukuthi ukumelana kwangaphakathi kukuthinta kanjani{8}}ukusebenza komhlaba wangempela.

discharge rate

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene zidinga izici ezihlukene zokukhipha, okwenza izinga lokukhipha libe umbandela wokukhetha obalulekile.

Izimoto zikagesi zimelela isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokukhishwa. Ukushayela okuvamile ngokuvamile kudinga u-0.2-0.5C, kuyilapho ukusheshisa noma ukugibela amagquma kungacindezela izimfuno ziye ku-2-3C kafushane. Ucwaningo lwango-2024 ekusebenzeni kwebhethri le-EV luthole ukuthi ukugcinwa kokukhipha okumaphakathi kungaphansi kuka-0.5C phakathi nemijikelezo yokushayela evamile kukhulisa ubude bebhethri bube ngaphezu kwemijikelezo engu-2000 kuyilapho kusahlinzeka ngokusebenza okwanele.

Ama-drones kanye nendiza kagesi esuka mpo kanye nokufika (i-eVTOL) ibeka izidingo ezidlulele. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-ACS Energy Letters luhlole izidingo zebhethri le-eVTOL, lwathola ukuthi isigaba sokugibela sidinga ukukhishwa okuzinzile okungu-15C{2}}okudlula kude izimfuno ze-EV ezijwayelekile. Amabhethri e-lithium ajwayelekile-e-ion athuthukiselwe ukusebenza okungu-1-3C abonise ukuwohloka okusheshayo ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, okugqamisa isidingo sekhemistri yezinga eliphezulu.

Amathuluzi wamandla abonisa ukubaluleka kwamandla okukhipha ishayela. I-drill engenantambo ingase idonse u-50-80A (10-15C wephakethe lebhethri elingu-5Ah elijwayelekile) ngesikhathi sokubhola kodwa lingenzi lutho ku-0.1C phakathi kokusebenza. Ukukhethwa kwebhethri kufanele kuhambisane nalezi zidingo eziphezulu kuyilapho kulungiselelwa isikhathi sokusebenza sisonke. Abakhiqizi bacacisa kokubili izilinganiso eziqhubekayo ne-pulse (imizuzwana eyi-10) ukuze kubhekwane nale mfuneko ekabili.

Amasistimu okugcina amandla elanga ngokuvamile asebenza ngamanani aphansi okukhipha, ngokuvamile angu-0.1-0.3C phakathi nokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi kusihlwa. Leli zinga lokukhipha elithambile linomthelela kumabhethri e-LiFePO4 afinyelela imijikelezo engu-4000-6000 kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza. Imishini esetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile edingeka kakhulu ingase icindezele ukukhipha ku-1C kafushane, kodwa izilinganiso ezimaphakathi zihlala ziphansi.

Ama-elekthronikhi wabathengi anebanga elibanzi lokukhishwa. Ama-Smartphones ngokuvamile aphuma ku-0.2-0.5C ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuvamile, ngo-1-2C okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokudlala noma ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo. Amakhompyutha aphathekayo ngokuvamile asebenza ebangeni elingu-0.3-0.7C. Lawa mazinga amaphakathi abhalansisa ukusebenza nemikhawulo yesikhala esihlangene samadivayisi aphathekayo.

Igridi-yesikali sokulondoloza amandla siya sisebenzisa i-lithium-amasistimu e-ion anamazinga okukhipha athuthukiselwe amasevisi athile. Ukulawulwa kwemvamisa kudinga amandla we-1-2C ukuze kuphenduleke ngokushesha, kuyilapho izicelo zokushefa okuphezulu zisebenza ngokunethezeka ku-0.25-0.5C. Umkhuba wango-2025 ubonisa abaklami besistimu bekhetha amakhemikhali ebhethri ahlukene ngezinsizakalo zegridi ezihlukene ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokukhishwa.

Ukuphatha izinga lokukhipha kunweba impilo yebhethri ngokuphawulekayo, ngezinye izinqubo ezinikeza ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo okungu-50-100% ngaphezu kwamaphethini okukhipha anamandla.

Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokukhipha akukwazi ukugcizelelwa. Amabhethri asebenza ngokungu-25℃(77℃F) asebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa{3}}ukukhishwa kwezinga eliphezulu kudala ukushisa okukhulu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lebhethri elingaphezu kuka-35℃lisheshisa ukufiphala kwamandla ngo-2-3x uma kuqhathaniswa nomsebenzi ongu-25℃. Amasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo kuma-EV kanye nokufakwa kwesitoreji samandla agcina amazinga okushisa ebangeni lama-degree angu-20-30 phakathi nokukhishwa kwezinga eliphezulu.

Ukujula kokukhishwa (DoD) kusebenzisana nezinga lokukhipha ukuze kuthinte impilo yomjikelezo. Ibhethri le-lithium-i-ion elizungezwe phakathi kuka-20-80% wesimo sokushajwa (60% DoD) ku-0.5C lingafinyelela imijikelezo engu-3000-4000. Ibhethri elifanayo lijikeleze u-0-100% (100% DoD) ku-2C lingaphatha imijikelezo engu-500-800 kuphela. Ukuhlanganisa ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okungashoni namazinga okukhishwa amaphakathi kukhulisa ubude bempilo.

Ucwaningo olusuka kuJanuwari 2025 olushicilelwe ku-ACS Energy Letters luveze ukuthi amabhethri ensimbi e-lithium ahlomula ngokushajwa kwe-asymmetric kanye namazinga okukhipha. Ukushaja okunensayo (0.2C) kuhlanganiswe nokushajwa okusheshayo (3C) kubangele ukuthi amabhethri agcine amandla angaphezu kuka-80% ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-1000. Lokhu kutholwa okuphikisayo kuphakamisa ukuthi ukuphathwa kwezinga lokukhishwa kungathuthukisa impilo yebhethri uma kubhangqwe nezimiso zokushaja ezifanele.

Ukuqapha i-voltage kuvimbela{0}}ukonakala kokuphuma kwamanzi. Kumabhethri e-lithium angu-24V, ukugcina i-voltage engaphezu kuka-20V ngesikhathi sokuphuma kuvikela amaseli ekulimaleni okujulile kokukhipha. Amasistimu okuphatha ibhethri kufanele anciphise imithwalo uma amandla ogesi asondela kumkhawulo omncane-ngokuvamile ongu-2.5V ngeseli ye-lithium-ion, noma i-10V yephakethe lebhethri elingu-12V.

Ukuhlolwa kwamandla ngezikhathi ezithile ngamazinga okukhishwa ajwayelekile kukhomba ukuwohloka kusenesikhathi. Izinga le-0.2C linikeza imiphumela engaguquki, eqhathanisekayo kuzo zonke izivivinyo. Amandla okwehla angaphansi kuka-80% yenani elilinganiselwe ngokuvamile abonisa ukuphela-ko-kwempilo yezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza, nakuba ibhethri lisengenza izinjongo ezingadingi kakhulu.

Abakhiqizi banikeza imihlahlandlela ethile yesilinganiso sokukhishwa emikhiqizweni yabo. Ukweqa lezi zincomo{1}}ngisho nangezikhathi ezithile{2}}kungabangela ukuwohloka okusheshisiwe ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifana ne-lithium plating, ukubola kwe-electrolyte, noma ukuhlukana kwesihlukanisi. Ukulandela imininingwane akukhona nje ukuphepha kwamanje; kumayelana nokukhulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhethri lakho phakathi neminyaka yesevisi.

Ukungaqondi kahle okuningana okusabalele mayelana nezinga lokukhipha kubangela ukudideka futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ekukhethweni okungalungile noma ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri.

"Umthamo olinganiselwe usebenza kuwo wonke amanani okukhipha" amanga akhuphula abasebenzisi abaningi. Ibhethri elilinganiselwe ngo-100Ah ku-C/20 alilethi u-100Ah ku-2C-lingase linikeze kuphela u-85-}90Ah ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwangaphakathi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola ukuthi isiphi isilinganiso sokukhipha umkhiqizi esicacisa umthamo. Amabhethri e-lithium abonisa ukuhluka okuncane kune-lead-asidi, kodwa umphumela usekhona.

Ukudideka okuqhubekayo nezilinganiso zokushaya kwenhliziyo kubangela izinkinga. Ibhethri elibhalwe ukuthi "100A max" lingase lisho u-100A amasekhondi angu-10 (ukushaya kwenhliziyo) esikhundleni sokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Ukuzama ukukhipha ngokuqhubekayo ngamazinga okushaya kwenhliziyo kulimaza amabhethri ngokushesha. Funda imininingwane ngokucophelela, uphawule imikhawulo yesikhathi yezilinganiso zamanje eziphezulu.

Umcabango wokuthi izilinganiso eziphezulu ze-C-zihlala zingcono kakhulu aziba ukuhwebelana. Amabhethri adizayinelwe amazinga aphezulu-okuphuma aphezulu avamise ukudela umthamo noma impilo yomjikelezo. Ibhethri elilinganiselwe elingu-50C-lingase libambe amandla amancane kunebhethri elilinganiselwe elingu-5C{7}losayizi ofanayo. Qondanisa amandla ebhethri nezimfuneko zangempela kunokukhulisa izicaciso kungenasidingo.

Abanye abasebenzisi bakholelwa ukuthi izinga lokukhipha alithinti i-voltage, balindele ukuphuma kwe-voltage okungaguquki ngaphandle kokudonsa kwamanje. Eqinisweni, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kubangela ukuba i-voltage yehle ngokulingana neyamanje. Ibhethri elingu-12V lingase lilinganise u-12.5V ekulayisheni okungu-5A kodwa libe ngu-11.5V kuphela ekulayisheni okungu-50A. Lokhu kuncipha kwamandla kagesi kunciphisa ukulethwa kwamandla okusebenzayo namandla atholakalayo.

"Izinga lokukhishwa alinandaba nokushaja" umbono oyiphutha ushaya indiva ukuziphatha kwebhethri. Nakuba ukushaja nokukhipha kuyizinqubo ezihlukene, kokubili kukhiqiza ukushisa namaseli okucindezeleka. Amabhethri anamandla okukhipha okuphezulu ngokuvamile nawo asekela ukushaja okusheshayo ngoba ukumelana kwawo okuphansi kwangaphakathi kuzuzisa izinqubo zombili. Nokho, imikhawulo yezindleko zokukhokhiswa neyokukhipha ingase yehluke{3}}njalo qinisekisa kokubili ukucaciswa.

discharge rate

Ukuqapha izinga lokukhipha okunembile kunika amandla ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri okuphelele nokutholwa kwenkinga kusenesikhathi.

Abaqaphi bebhethri besimanje babala ukukhishwa kwamanje ngokuqhubekayo, bekubonisa ngama-ampere. Lawa madivayisi, axhunywe nge-shunt (i-resistor enembile), ikala ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kuyo yonke i-shunt ukuze kunqunywe ukugeleza kwamanje. Abaqaphi bekhwalithi babuyekeza ukufundwa njalo ngemizuzwana engu-1-2, banikeze ukubonakala kwesikhathi sangempela ekuziphatheni kokukhishwa.

Ukubala kwe-Coulomb kuhlanganisa okwamanje ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kulandelelwe amandla akhishiwe ebhethrini. Le ndlela inikeza isimo esinembile-so{2}}sokulinganisa ukushaja ngisho nalapho izindlela ezisekelwe ku-voltage{3}}zehluleka ngenxa yamajika okukhipha ayisicaba avamile kumabhethri e-lithium. Isibalo siqondile: amp-amahora adliwe=isilinganiso samanje × isikhathi.

Izihlaziyi zebhethri ezidizayinelwe ukuhlola umthamo zisebenzisa ukuchithwa okulawulwayo ngamanani athize C-ngenkathi iqapha i-voltage, yamanje, nezinga lokushisa. Lawa madivayisi anquma umthamo wangempela kanye nokumelana kwangaphakathi, okuveza impilo yebhethri. Ukuhlola ngamazinga amaningi C-(ngokuvamile angu-0.2C, 1C, kanye no-2C) kubonisa ukusebenza kokukhipha kulo lonke ibanga lokusebenza.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone ezixhunywe ku-BMS nge-Bluetooth zinikeza ukuqapha okulula kwamabhethri amaningi e-lithium esimanje. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zibonisa{1}}isikhathi sangempela sokukhishwa kwamanje, umthamo osele, futhi ngokuvamile zibikezela isikhathi sokusebenza ngokusekelwe ekulayisheni kwamanje. Idatha isiza abasebenzisi ukuthi baqonde ukuthi imisebenzi ehlukene ithinta kanjani ukuphuma kwebhethri.

Ngokuqapha kwe-DIY, ama-multimeters anamandla wamanje wokulinganisa asebenzela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula. Nokho, ukulinganisa kwamanje okusemgqeni kudinga ukwephulwa kwesekhethi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isilinganiso samanje semitha singaphezu komthwalo olindelekile. Ngemithwalo engaphezu kuka-10A, i-clamp ammeter inikeza ukulinganisa okuphephile, {3}okungahlaselanga.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezichwepheshile zisebenzisa amasistimu wokugawulwa kwedatha aqopha ukukhishwa kwamanje, amandla kagesi, kanye nezinga lokushisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le datha yomlando yembula amaphethini okusetshenziswa, ikhomba izehlakalo zokukhishwa okungavamile, futhi isekela ukulungiswa okubikezelwayo. Ama-opharetha wesitoreji segridi nabaphathi bemikhumbi ye-EV bathembela kakhulu kumasistimu anjalo ukuze bathuthukise izimpahla zebhethri ezibiza izigidi zamadola.

Ukweqa izinga lokukhipha eliphezulu kukhiqiza ukushisa okudlulele futhi kungase kubangele ukuvalwa kwesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri ukuze kuphephe. Ukwephulwa komthetho okuphindaphindiwe kubangela ukulahlekelwa umthamo unomphela ngokuwohloka okusheshayo, ukuwohloka kwe-electrolyte, noma ukulimala kwengxenye yangaphakathi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngamabhethri e-lithium{2}}e-ion antula ukuvikeleka,{3}}ukuphuma ngokweqile kungabangela ukuphuma kokushisa{4}}ukwehluleka ukucasha okuyingozi okuholela emlilweni noma ukuqhuma.

Yebo, amabhethri omthamo omkhulu ayasebenza uma amandla kagesi, ubukhulu bomzimba, nezinga lokuphuma lifana nohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ibhethri elingu-100Ah elingena esikhundleni sebhethri elingu-50Ah ngevoltheji efanayo linikeza isikhathi sokusebenza esiphindwe kabili ngamanani afanayo okuphuma. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokukhweza ifaka usayizi omkhulu futhi ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwesisindo akudali izinkinga zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphathwayo. Qinisekisa ukuhambisana kwesistimu yokushaja nomthamo ophezulu.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zinezidingo zokulethwa kwamandla ezihlukene. I-Consumer electronics isebenza ngamanani aphansi (0.2-1C) egcizelela umthamo nokusebenza kahle. Amathuluzi kagesi, ama-drones, nama-EV adinga amanani aphezulu (3-10C) abeka phambili ukulethwa kwamandla ngaphezu komthamo ophelele. Ukulinganisa amabhethri ngamanani afanele okukhipha kusiza amakhasimende akhethe imikhiqizo efanele izidingo zawo. Ukwengeza, amazinga okukhipha kancane akhiqiza ukufundwa kwamandla aphezulu, ngakho ukucacisa izinga kuqinisekisa ukuqhathanisa okufanele.

Amazinga okushisa abandayo anciphisa kakhulu amandla okukhipha. -Ngo-10℃, amabhethri e-lithium-ion angase alethe kuphela u-50-70% womthamo wawo olinganiselwe, futhi izinga eliphezulu lokukhipha okuphephile lehla ngo-30-50%. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu avumela amazinga aphezulu okukhishwa okwesikhashana kodwa asheshise ukuwohloka. Amabhethri amaningi asebenza kahle kakhulu phakathi kuka-15-35 degree. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilindele amazinga okushisa adlulele zidinga amasistimu okuphatha okushisayo noma ikhemistri yebhethri edizayinelwe ngokuqondile ububanzi bamazinga okushisa abanzi, njenge-LiFePO4 noma i-lithium titanate entsha.

Ukukhetha ibhethri elifanele kudinga ukulinganisa izinga lokukhipha kumthamo, impilo yomjikelezo, izindleko, nezidingo zokuphepha.

Fanisa izinga lokukhipha eliqhubekayo nesidingo esimaphakathi sohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, hhayi izimfuneko eziphezulu. Ithuluzi lamandla elidweba i-80A imizuzwana engu-30 njalo emizuzwini embalwa ayidingi isilinganiso esiqhubekayo esingu-80A{4}}ibhethri elilinganiselwe ngo-40A eliqhubekayo namandla angu-80A we-pulse linikeza lesi sidingo ngezindleko eziphansi nesisindo.

Cabangela ukwehla kwamandla kagesi lapho ukala umthamo webhethri. Uma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ludinga ubuncane obungu-24V ukuze lusebenze kahle, khetha amabhethri agcina leyo voltheji ngezinga elilindelekile lokuphuma. Ibhethri legama elingu-24V lingase lehle liye ku-22V ekukhishweni okungu-2C, okungase kuphazamise ukusebenza kwemishini.

Izicaciso zempilo yomjikelezo ngokuvamile zithatha amanani athile okukhipha. Ibhethri elilinganiselwe imijikelezo engu-2000 ku-0.5C lingathola imijikelezo eyi-1000 kuphela ku-2C. Isici sokuziphatha sokukhipha ezindlekweni eziphelele zezibalo zobunikazi{6}}ibhethri elishibhile eliwohlokayo eliphindwe kabili kunezindleko ezisheshayo-zesikhathi eside.

Kumabhethri e-lithium angu-24V kumasistimu wamandla elanga noma ayisipele, isilinganiso sokukhipha esiqhubekayo esingu-0.3-0.5C siphatha imithwalo eminingi yasendlini ngokunethezeka. Imishini emikhulu njengama-air conditioner ingase icindezele izimfuno ku-1C kafushane. Umthamo wokufaka 2-3x umthwalo wakho omaphakathi uhlinzeka ngesilinganiso sokukhishwa kwekhanda ngenkathi inweba impilo yomjikelezo ngemijikelezo yokukhipha engajulile.

Izitifiketi zokuphepha kanye nekhwalithi ye-BMS kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba amanani okukhishwa enyuka. Izinhlelo zokusebenza-ezinezinga eliphezulu zidinga ukuvikeleka okuqinile ngokumelene-namanje,{3}}ngaphezu{3}}kwezinga lokushisa, namasekethe amafushane. Abakhiqizi abasunguliwe abatshala imali ekwakhiweni okufanele kwe-BMS bahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ephephile kunezinye izindlela zesabelomali, ikakhulukazi kumabhethri asebenza ngaphezu kuka-1C njalo.

Izinga lokukhipha limele isici sebhethri esiyisisekelo esinquma ukuthi ibhethri liyalufanela yini uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza nokuthi lizosebenza isikhathi esingakanani ngokwethembeka. Ukuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi-kwesilinganiso, samanje, umthamo, nokusebenza kunika amandla ukukhetha okungcono kwebhethri, ukwakheka kwesistimu okuthuthukisiwe, nempilo yebhethri ekhulisiwe. Ukuthi unika amandla i-smartphone noma imoto kagesi, ukufanisa izidingo zokukhipha amandla ebhethri kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile, okuphumelelayo kanye nembuyiselo ezuzisayo ekutshalweni kwebhethri lakho.