Kuyini Ukushisa Ngokweqile?
Ngaphakathi kwebhethri ye-lithium kuwo wonke amafoni kanye ne-laptop kanye nemoto kagesi yinto ezobamba umlilo uma kushisa kakhulu. Isihlukanisi esisigcina sizinzile sincane kunezinwele zomuntu.
Wonke umkhiqizi omkhulu webhethri uyayazi imikhawulo yokushisa yamaseli abo. I-Panasonic, CATL, LG, Samsung SDI, SK On-zonke ziklama ukuhlala ngaphansi kwaleyo mikhawulo. Nokho imililo iyaqhubeka yenzeka, emagalaji nasezindaweni zokupaka izimoto nasemikhunjini yezimpahla enqamula iPacific.
Ngo-2024, i-CATL iyodwa yayisithumele amaseli anele ukuthi anikeze amandla izimoto zikagesi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyisi-7, ngokusho kwemininingwane yenkampani. Iningi lalawo maphakethe ngeke libe nenkinga. Abanye bazo.
"Awukwazi ukuhlola wonke amaseli," kusho uVenkat Srinivasan, umqondisi we-Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science. "Uhlola amasampula. Ubeka ukubekezelelana. Bese uthemba ukuthi inqubo yakho yokukhiqiza ivumelana ngokwanele."
Okutholwe ophenyweni lomlilo webhethri, ngokuvamile okwenziwa ezinyangeni ngemuva kweqiniso, kubonisa ukuthi ukubaleka okushisayo kuvame ukuqala ngokuthile okuncane. Izinhlayiya zokungcoliswa kwensimbi. Ukugoqa enamathela electrode. Isihlukanisi esiphume sizacile kancane ngoLwesibili ntambama ngolunye ulayini wokukhiqiza.
Iseli elilodwa nje elinesici ephaketheni elingu-4,000{2}inombolo yebhethri le-EV elijwayelekile lingashisisa omakhelwane balo lidlule ukulibekezelela. Ukusabela kuyasabalala. Amazinga okushisa akhuphuka adlule ama-degree angu-600. Iphakethe liqhumisa amalangabi.
Bheka futhi: Ukukhumbula kweGeneral Motors Bolt EV, 2021. I-LG Energy Solution ikhokhele u-$1.9 billion.
"Besithola amaphutha amabili esitokisini esisodwa," kusho umuntu owazi uphenyo ngaleso sikhathi. "Kungenzeka ukuthi oyedwa eyedwa akabanga nomlilo. Bobabili bawubasile."
Nokho abalawuli abakaze badinge ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuhlukunyezwa okushisayo kuyo yonke imboni. I-automaker ngayinye, umphakeli wamaseli ngamunye, ubeka imingcele yangaphakathi. Okuphasa kwenye inkampani kuyafeyila kwenye.
"Amazinga agcwele yonke indawo," kusho uShirley Meng, uprofesa e-University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering. "Akukho ukuvumelana komhlaba wonke mayelana nokuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu njengokuphephe ngokwanele."
Ukuze uthole umbono, iphakethe elihlezi emotweni epakiwe e-Phoenix lingafinyelela ku-50 degrees Celsius ngaphambi kokuthi ubani alivule. E-Dubai, ama-degree angama-60. Amaseli asevele efudumele ngaphambi kokuba i-amp yokuqala igeleze.
Futhi lezo yizimo ezijwayelekile. Ukushaja okusheshayo kwengeza ukushisa okwengeziwe. Ukushaja kwesimo sezulu esibandayo-kubangela i-lithium plating, okungafinyeza iseli ezinyangeni kamuva. Umonakalo wokuphahlazeka ungase ungabonisi kumaskena okuxilonga kuze kube yilapho okuthile okungaphakathi sekushintshile kakade.
Ngamamajini amancane kangako, ukuphepha kwebhethri kuncike ngokuphelele kwikhwalithi yokukhiqiza. Iseli elenziwe efekthri entsha esebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu ukuze lihlangabezane nesidingo se-EV alifani neseli elenziwe endaweni ekhulile ngeminyaka yokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo.
"Amaphutha esigidini ayakhuphuka uma ukhula ngokushesha," kusho uGene Berdichevsky, oyi-CEO yeSila Nanotechnologies futhi oyilungu leqembu lokuqala lebhethri leTesla Roadster. "Lokho kuyiqiniso nje."
Ukuqiniseka, izimoto zikagesi zibamba umlilo ngamanani aphansi kunezimoto zikaphethiloli, ngemayela elishayelwa. INational Transportation Safety Board ikusho kaningi lokhu. Kanjalo nawo wonke ama-automaker.
Umehluko yilokho okwenzeka ngokulandelayo. Umlilo kaphethiloli uvutha kuze kuphele uphethiloli. Umlilo webhethri ungaqalisa ezinsukwini kamuva uma amaseli ekujuleni kwephakethe esabambe amandla. Iminyango yomlilo ifunde ukugcina ama-EV ashile ngaphansi kokubhekwa amahora angama-48. Abanye bathenge iziqukathi zokuthutha ukuze bagcwalise amanzi.
"Ngeke sikukhiphe nje sihambe," kusho isikhulu samasosha endaweni yaseBay, sichaza imigomo emisha eyamukelwa wumnyango wakhe ngo-2023.
Abanye abakhiqizi bahambe ngokushesha kunabanye. I-Tesla ilandelela-idatha yeleveli evela kuwo wonke amaphakethe kuyo yonke imoto emgwaqeni. I-BYD ishintshe kakhulu kumaseli e-lithium iron phosphate, abekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphambi kokubola. I-CATL ihlola amakhemikhali e-sodium-e-ion asusa i-lithium ngokuphelele.
"Ubuchwepheshe buyahamba," kusho uSrinivasan. "Ukuthi ihamba ngokushesha ngokwanele umbuzo ohlukile."
