Kunini Ukusebenza Kwamandla?

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kuwumkhuba wokusebenzisa amandla amancane ukufeza umsebenzi ofanayo noma ukukhiqiza umphumela ofanayo. Isebenza ngokuqhubekayo kuyo yonke imikhakha-yezakhiwo, izimboni, ezokuthutha, nezinto zikagesi{2}}noma nini lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwenzeka. Kunokuba ubuze ukuthi "nini," umbuzo ofaneleka kakhulu uhlanganisa ukuqonda lapho ukonga kwamandla kuletha khona umthelela omkhulu kakhulu nokuthi izinhlangano zingawusebenzisa kanjani ngempumelelo.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla akupheleli ezikhathini ezithile noma ezimweni ezithile. Njalo ngehora{1}}elilondolozwe, kungakhathaliseki isikhathi, kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza nomthelela wemvelo. Kodwa-ke, inani lalokhu kulondoloza liyahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe esikhathini kanye nomxholo.

Cabangela amaphethini okusetshenziswa kukagesi. Phakathi namahora okufuna okuphezulu{1}}ngokuvamile ngo-4 PM kuya ku-8 PM phakathi neviki-izindleko zamandla zingakhuphuka ngo-30-40% ngaphezu kwezintengo eziphakeme-zesaphulelo. I-air conditioner eyonga amandla esebenza phakathi nalezi zikhathi zantambama iletha inani elikhulu kakhulu lezomnotho kunenzuzo efanayo yokusebenza kahle etholakala phakathi kwamabili. Isikhathi asishintshi ukusebenza kahle kwaso, kodwa sikhulisa izinzuzo zezimali.

Ukuhlaziywa kowezi-2024 kwe-International Energy Agency kuveza ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla okwamanje kuqhubekela phambili ku-1% ngonyaka, ingxenye yesilinganiso sika-2010-2019 futhi ngaphansi kakhulu kwalokho okuhlosiwe okungama-4% okudingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinhloso zeSivumelwano saseParis. Le nqubekelaphambili ehamba kancane ikhona naphezu kokutshalwa kwezimali kokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla okufinyelela ku-$ 660 billion ngo-2024, okufana namazinga okurekhoda ka-2022. Ukunqanyulwa phakathi kokutshalwa kwezimali nezinga lenqubekelaphambili kuphakamisa isikhathi sokusetshenziswa nendlela yokubhekana nayo ngaphezu kwamazinga okusebenzisa ewodwa.

Energy Efficiency

Izingxoxo eziningi zihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla namandla, kodwa le mibono ihluke kakhulu. Ubukhulu bamandla bulinganisa isamba sokusetshenziswa kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphumayo kwezomnotho{1}}ngokuyisisekelo amandla ngedola ngalinye le-GDP. Ukusebenza kahle, ngokuphambene, kugxile ekukhipheni umsebenzi omkhulu ekufakweni okuncane kwamandla ezingeni lobuchwepheshe noma lenqubo.

Imboni ingase ithuthukise amandla ayo ngokusuka ekukhiqizeni insimbi iye ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwangempela. Amandla ngedola ngalinye abonakala engcono, kodwa akukho nqubo yomzimba esebenza kahle kakhulu. Izinzuzo ezisebenza kahle zangempela zenzeka lapho ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi okufanayo kudinga amandla angaphansi ngo-20% ngenxa yemishini ethuthukisiwe noma izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe.

UMnyango Wezamandla wase-US ugcizelela ukuthi lo mehluko uba semqoka lapho uhlola ukusebenza kuzwelonke noma komkhakha. Izinguquko zesakhiwo emnothweni{3}}njengokushintsha kwezibalo zabantu, amaphethini wesimo sezulu, noma izinguquko zokwakheka kwezimboni{4}}zithinta ukuqina kwamandla ngaphandle kokukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani ezinye izifunda zibonisa ukuqina kwamandla aphansi naphezu kokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezisebenzayo; ukukhula komkhiqizo wezimboni noma ukukhula kwenani labantu kungafihla izinzuzo eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kahle.

Izakhiwo zisebenzisa cishe u-40% wamandla omhlaba, okwenza lo mkhakha ube indawo eyinhloko yokungenelela okusebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esilungile sokuqalisa siyahluka kakhulu ngokwakha isigaba somjikelezo wempilo.

Ukwakhiwa okusha kuveza ithuba elibiza kakhulu-elisebenza ngempumelelo. Ukufaka izinyathelo ezisebenza kahle ngesikhathi sokuklama nokwakha kubiza ngaphansi kwama-50-70% kunokubuyisela kabusha izakhiwo ezikhona. Isikhathi lapho umdwebi wezakhiwo ecacisa ukuma kwesakhiwo, amaleveli e-insulation, nokubekwa kwamawindi kunquma amashumi eminyaka amaphethini okusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Izakhiwo ezikhona zidinga amasu esikhathi ahlukene. Uhlelo lwaseFrance lwamabhiliyoni angu-8.3 olusebenza kahle lubonisa isilinganiso samandla okubuyisela. Uhlelo luqondise ukuvuselelwa{3}}okujulile okufezekisa okungenani ukonga amandla okungu-30%, nokulungiswa okujulile okuphushela ekwehliseni okungu-60%. Isikhathi sokuvuselela sivamise ukuvumelanisa nemijikelezo yokulungisa emikhulu{7}}uma kushintsha isistimu ye-HVAC noma uphahla, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kuba kushibhe kakhulu kunokulinda iphrojekthi ehlukile.

Uhlelo lwe-Neighbourhood Energy Saver lwe-Duke Energy Florida lufake ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla ezindlini ezingenayo ezingaphezu kuka-50,000{2}}ezifanelekayo kusukela ngo-2006. Indlela{4}esekelwe emphakathini yaphumelela ngokuxhumanisa isikhathi kuzo zonke izindawo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthumela nokwakha ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende ngomthelela obonakalayo wendawo.

Izikhungo zokukhiqiza zibhekana nokucatshangelwa kwesikhathi esiyingqayizivele. Amashejuli okukhiqiza, amafasitela okunakekela, kanye nemijikelezo yokushintsha imali inquma lapho ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle sekusebenza.

Amamotho kagesi ashayela ama-45% okusetshenziswa kwamandla e-US. Isivinini esishintshashintshayo singanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emoto ngo-3-60% kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ukufaka lawa madrayivu ngokuvamile kudinga ukuphumula kokukhiqiza. Izinsiza ezihlakaniphile zihlela ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kokulungisa okuhleliwe, ukugwema inhlawulo ephindwe kabili yokulahleka kwezindleko zokukhiqiza nokufaka.

Amasistimu e-Steam abonisa ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi okufanayo. Ngaphezulu kwama-45% e-US akhiqiza uphethiloli akhiqiza isitimu, nokho izikhungo ezijwayelekile zimosha amaphesenti angama-20 ala mandla ngokufaka uwoyela ongemuhle nokuvuza kwesitimu. Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga kubiza kancane kodwa kudinga isikhathi esihlanganisiwe kuwo wonke amasistimu amaningi. Ukulungisa izicupho zesitimu ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kokulungiswa kwebhayela kubiza kakhulu ngaphansi kwemicimbi yesikhathi sokuphumula esizinikele.

Amasistimu okushisa ahlanganisiwe namandla aletha{0}}izinqumo zesikhathi eside. Lezi zinhlelo zibamba ukushisa okulahlwayo okuvela ekuphehleni ugesi, okukhuphula ukusebenza kahle jikelele kusuka ku-30% kuya ku-90%. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphambili okukhulu kanye{5}nesikhathi sokukhokha seminyaka eminingi sisho ukuthi isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kufanele sihambisane nemibono yokuhlela indawo kanye nokutholakala kwezimali.

Ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha kuzuza ukuhlangana kuyo yonke imijikelezo yokuphila yemikhumbi. Iphuzu lesinqumo livela lapho kushintsha izimoto ezindala, hhayi ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile.

Ukwamukelwa kwemoto kagesi kubonisa lesi simiso sesikhathi. Ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kufinyelele kumayunithi ayizigidi eziyi-14 ngo-2023, okumelele u-18% wokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zimoto zisebenzisa cishe uhhafu wamandla okulingana nokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Nokho, inzuzo esebenza kahle ibonakala kuphela lapho amakhasimende ekhetha ama-EV ngesikhathi sokuthenga. Ukuguqulwa -kumjikelezo wempilo akuvamile ukwenza umqondo wezomnotho.

Ukuphatha impahla yezimboni kukhombisa amaphethini afanayo. Imisebenzi ye-warehouse iya ngokuya ishintsha ukusuka kuma-propane forklift ukuya kumamodeli kagesi anikwa amandla amabhethri e-lithium{1}}eion. Okwesimanjeamabhethri e-forkliftukuzuza u-95-98% wokujikeleza{3}}ukusebenza kahle kohambo uma kuqhathaniswa no-75-85% wezindlela ezihlukile zokuhola-ze-asidi. Amasistimu e-lithium-ion aphinde alethe isivuno samandla esingcono esingu-30-40% kunokumiswa kwe-lead-acid.

Isinqumo sesikhathi ngokuvamile sihambisana nemijikelezo yokushintsha imishini. Ukuguqula yonke imikhumbi ye-forklift ngesikhathi esisodwa kudala ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kanye nezindleko eziphezulu. Izindlela ezihlukene, ezishintsha amayunithi njengoba efinyelela-ekupheleni{3}}kwempilo, asakaza izindleko ngenkathi yakhelwa ulwazi lokusebenza ngobuchwepheshe obusha. Indawo yokugcina impahla-ephakathi nendawo yehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ukusuka ku-1,000 kWh nsuku zonke kuya ku-600 kWh ngokushintsha ama-forklift angu-20 ukusuka ku-lead{{10}i-asidi kuya kumandla e-lithium{11}}i-ion phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-18.

Energy Efficiency

Inani lokusebenza kahle kwamandla liyashintshashintsha ngamaphethini esidingo segridi. Lesi sikhathi-inani elihlukile lithinta ngokuyisisekelo indlela izinsiza nabathengi abakhulu babeka phambili ngayo ukutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo.

Ihhovisi Lomnyango Wamandla Ezokwakha Technologies licwaninga ukuthi isilinganiso sesikhathi esisebenza kahle sithinta kanjani izinzuzo zegridi. I-air conditioning yezindawo zokuhlala ehlobo-ezifundeni eziphakeme kakhulu iletha cishe inani eliphindwe kabili lesistimu yokusebenza kahle kwezibani zendawo yokuhlala, naphezu kokubili kokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukusebenza kahle kwesimo somoya kuhambisana nesidingo esikhulu sohlelo, ukuhlehlisa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ebizayo kanye nokugwema izimboni zamandla eziphakeme ezibizayo.

Lobu bukhulu besikhathi budala amathuba ezinhlelo zokuphatha ezifunwayo{0}}. Izinsiza ziya ngokuya zinikeza isikhathi-so{3}}sezilinganiso zokusetshenziswa, ukushaja okungu-2-okuphindwe ka-4 ngaphezulu ngezikhathi eziphakeme kakhulu. Okokusebenza{8}}okusebenza kahle kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu uma kusebenza ngalawa mahora abizayo. Isikhungo esisebenza ngokuyinhloko phakathi namahora okungasebenzi kakhulu sizuza inani elincane emalini etshaliwe esebenza kahle kunomsebenzi ofanayo osebenza phakathi neziqongo zesistimu.

I-California iqale le ndlela maphakathi-no-1970, isebenzisa amakhodi okwakha aqinile kanye namazinga ezinto zikagesi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuhulumeni kwahlala kuphansi ngomuntu ngamunye kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kuzwelonke kuphindeke kabili emashumini eminyaka alandelayo. Inqubomgomo "ye-oda lokulayisha" ibeka phambili ngokusobala ukusebenza kahle kuqala, isizukulwane esivuselelekayo okwesibili, kanye nezitshalo ezintsha zefosili ekugcineni. Lelisu lesikhathi{5}}lokubhekana nenselele ngaphambi kokwengeza ukukhiqiza{6}}libonakale libiza kakhulu kunokwakha izimboni zamandla ezintsha.

Isikhathi senqubomgomo kahulumeni sibumba-ukwamukelwa okubanzi okusebenzayo kwemakethe. Isenzo sangaphambi kwesikhathi sidala imiphumela ehlukile kunokungenelela okubambezelekile.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-IEA ka-2024 kukhombisa ukuthi ohulumeni abamele u-70% wesidingo samandla emhlabeni wonke basebenzise izinqubomgomo ezintsha noma ezibuyekeziwe zokusebenza kahle kulo nyaka. I-Kenya yenza izidingo ezisebenza kahle zokwakha zaba yimpoqo. I-European Union iqinise imithetho eqondise kumabhilidi{4}}okungakhishwa komoya okuziro ngo-2050. I-China ibuyekeze amazinga ezinto zikagesi kanye nemigomo esebenzayo. I-United States iqinise{7}izindinganiso zokonga uphethiloli wezimoto ezisindayo.

Nokho, isikhathi sesimemezelo senqubomgomo asiqinisekisi inqubekelaphambili esheshayo. Isithembiso se-COP28 sokuphinda kabili izinga lokusebenzisa amandla kagesi sihehe ukusayinwa kwamazwe ayi-123 ngo-2023, nokho inqubekelaphambili ka-2024 isalokhu iku-1% minyaka yonke. Igebe phakathi kokuzibophezela nokuqaliswa libonisa ukuthi isikhathi senqubomgomo iyodwa ayishayeli imiphumela-ekulandeleni okuqhubekayo{8}}okunquma imiphumela.

Ucwaningo mayelana nesikhathi sokunciphisa isimo sezulu sikhombisa lokhu kushuba kwesimo. Isenzo esisheshayo sibonisa izindleko zesikhathi esifushane eziphezulu-kodwa sinciphisa{2}ubungozi besikhathi eside nezindleko. Isenzo esibambezelekile sibonakala sishibhile ekuqaleni kodwa izindleko ezihlanganisiwe kamuva, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni enesimo esibalulekile esifana nezakhiwo nengqalasizinda yezimboni. Isakhiwo esiklanywe ngokungafanele ngo-2024 sikhiya ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokweqile ngo-2074 noma ngaphezulu.

Ukutshalwa kwezimali ngendlela efanele kwamandla kuyaqhudelana nokusetshenziswa kwezimali okunye. Ukuqonda izikhathi zokukhokha kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wempilo kunquma isikhathi esifanele.

Amaphampu okushisa esimanje abiza cishe u-$6,000 ukuwafaka kodwa wonga u-$550 njalo ngonyaka uma kuqhathaniswa nezifudumezi zamanzi ezingazwani nogesi emndenini ovamile-wabantu abane. Isikhathi sokukhokha seminyaka eyi-10-11 sisho ukuthi ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kunengqondo ezindlini ezintsha kodwa kuba nokungabazekayo ezimpahleni eziseduze nokulungiswa kabusha noma ukuthengiswa okukhulu.

Ukutholakala kwesaphulelo sezinsiza kuthinta kakhulu isikhathi sokutshala imali. Izinhlelo eziningi zinikeza izaphulelo ezingu-$500-1,000 zokufakwa kwephampu yokushisa, zifinyeze izikhathi zokukhokha zibe iminyaka engu-5-6. Abathengi abahlakaniphile benza ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle okukhulu ukuze kuhambisane nokutholakala kwesaphulelo. Izinhlelo ezixhasa kuqala{8}}zifika{9}}izabelomali ezikhishwa kuqala ngokushesha, okwenza ukuthenga kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kube maningi amathuba okuba zithole izinxephezelo.

Izindinganiso ezibuyekeziwe zezinto zikagesi ze-Biden Administration zonga amakhaya avamile ase-US ngaphezulu kuka-$100 ngonyaka eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ezayo. Izindinganiso zikazwelonke ezikhona kakade zisindise ikhaya elijwayelekile cishe u-$500 ngonyaka kusukela ngo-2015-cishe u-16% wezindleko zezinsiza. Lokhu kongiwa kunqwabelana ngokuqhubekayo, okwenza ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kube yigugu kakhulu.

Ukutshalwa kwezimali ngendlela efanele kwezimboni kukhombisa ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi okuhlukile. Inkokhelo yokushayela okuguquguqukayo kwefrikhwensi kumamotho ngokuvamile iwela ngaphansi kweminyaka emithathu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu ye-Steam kuvame ukubuyisela eminyakeni engu-1-2. Ukuguqulwa kwezibani ze-LED ezindlini zokugcina impahla kuvame ukuphuka ngisho naphakathi nezinyanga. Lezi zikhathi zokukhokha ezimfushane zenza ukuqaliswa okusheshayo kube isu elilungile lesikhathi.

Energy Efficiency

Ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe kuthinta isikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubeka engcupheni izindleko eziphakeme kanye nokwethenjwa okuphansi. Ukubambezeleka kokutholwa kudela iminyaka yokonga okungenzeka.

Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kubonisa le bhalansi. Ama-LED angaphambi kwesikhathi (2005-2010) abiza u-${2}} ngebhalbhu ngayinye enekhwalithi yokukhanya emaphakathi. Ama-LED anamuhla abiza u-$2-5 ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, adla u-10% wamandla wezinye izindlela ze-incandescent. Izinhlangano ebezilinde ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe zenze izinqumo zesikhathi eziphusile ngokwezomnotho, kuyilapho abamukela kuqala bakhokha kakhulu kodwa bajabulela iminyaka yokonga amandla.

Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium-ion bulandela umkhondo ofanayo. Iqale ukuthengiswa ngawo-1990s amakhamera akwa-Sony, i-lithium{3}}ifake izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphatha izinto kamuva nje. Abatholi bokuqala babhekane nezintengo ze-premium kanye nolwazi olulinganiselwe lokusebenza. Izintengo zamanje nokuthembeka okuqinisekisiwe kwenza isikhathi sokutholwa sibe esivumayo. Kodwa-ke, ukulinda izingozi ezinde ezishodayo ezivele zifezeke.

Impikiswano-ephikisayo iphakamisa ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kusho ukuthi ukulinda kuhlala kubonakala kunesizathu. Lokhu kunengqondo kuyehluleka ngoba ukulibaziseka kokuqaliswa kuqinisekisa ukumosha okuqhubekayo. Isinqumo sesikhathi esilungile sikala amandla obuchwepheshe bamanje uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zamandla zonyaka kanye namazinga okuthuthukisa alindelekile.

Ezinye izilinganiso ezisebenza kahle ziletha inani kuphela phakathi nezinkathi ezithile zonyaka noma amamodi okusebenza. Lokhu kudala ukucatshangelwa kwesikhathi sokuqalisa nokusebenza.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokwakha imvilophu-ukuvikela ukushisa, ukuvalwa komoya, ukuthuthukiswa kwamawindi{1}}kuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo zonyaka-umjikelezo ezimweni zezulu eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ukugxila kwevelu kuyashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Izakhiwo zezulu ezibandayo- zithola inzuzo enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemvilophu phakathi nezinkathi zokushisa zasebusika. Izakhiwo zezulu ezishisayo-zibona inani eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga zokupholisa zasehlobo.

Leli nani lesizini lithinta isikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ukuhlela ukushintshwa kwamawindi phakathi nezinyanga zesimo sezulu esimaphakathi (intwasahlobo/ekwindla) kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka ngenkathi ugcina ukunethezeka. Ukufakwa kwasebusika ezindaweni ezibandayo kubeka engcupheni ukungakhululeki okushisayo ngesikhathi sephrojekthi. Ukufakwa kwehlobo ezindaweni ezishisayo kubhekana nezinselele ezifanayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokupholisa kwenzeka kahle ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokupholisa. Ukufaka isisetshenziswa se-air conditioning esisha ngoMashi-Ngo-April kubiza ngaphansi kukaJuni{2}}Ukushintshwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kwangoJulayi phakathi namagagasi okushisa. Ukwenyuka kwesidingo phakathi nenkathi yokupholisa ephezulu kukhulisa amanani entengo futhi kwandise izikhathi zokuhola. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwezinsiza kuthola inani eliphakeme ngokufaka isikhathi phakathi-nezinkathi zokuphumula.

Naphezu kombuzo othi "kunini ukusebenza kahle kwamandla," impendulo idlula isikhathi esithile. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kuhlala kusebenza noma nini lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwenzeka. Njalo ngehora lokusebenza, umjikelezo ngamunye wokukhiqiza, yonke indawo enesimo imele ithuba lezinzuzo ezisebenza kahle.

Iqiniso elibaluleke kakhulu libandakanya ukwenza kahle isikhathi nxazonke:

Imijikelezo yokushintshwa kwezisetshenziswa (ukuvuselelwa kwemikhumbi, ukuphela-kwempilo-)

Ukwakha izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo (ukwakha okusha vs. retrofit)

Izikhathi zokufunwa okuphezulu (ukukhulisa isikhathi-inani elibucayi)

Ukutholakala kwesaphulelo (ukubamba izikhuthazo zezimali)

Amashejuli okunakekela (ukunciphisa izindleko zokuphazamiseka)

Amajika okuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe (ukulinganisa ukwethembeka okuqinisekisiwe nokonga okungaba khona)

Amawindi okusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo (ahambisana nezidingo zokulawula)

Izinhlangano ezandisa ivelu yokusebenza kahle ziqonda lobu bukhulu besikhathi. Ababuzi ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kubalulekile yini kodwa uma ukungenelela okuthile kuletha imbuyiselo efanele. Umphathi wesikhungo ohlola ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ubheka amafasitela okulungisa ahleliwe. Umnikazi womuzi oshintsha isifudumezi samanzi uhlola isimo sohlelo lwesaphulelo. Umsebenzisi we-warehouse uguqulela ukuguqulwa kwemikhumbi ye-forklift ukugwema ukuphazamiseka kwesizini ephezulu.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla akunazo izimo "zokuvula" kanye "nokuvalwa"-kukhona njengethuba eliqhubekayo lokuthuthukisa. Iqiniso lika-2024 likhombisa inqubekelaphambili yomhlaba esemuva kakhulu ngesidingo. Ukufeza umgomo we-COP28 wokwenza ngcono okungu-4% ngonyaka kudinga isinyathelo esisheshiswe kakhulu kuyo yonke imikhakha nezikhathi. Usuku ngalunye lokulibaziseka lunweba ukusuka kwethu kulokho okuhlosiwe kwesimo sezulu futhi kuphindaphinde izindleko zesikhathi esizayo.

Impendulo enembe kakhulu yokuthi "kunini ukusebenza kahle kwamandla" kungase kube "manje, futhi ngokuqhubekayo." Sonke isikhathi esidlulayo ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle simele ukumoshwa kwamandla, ukukhishwa okungadingekile, nezindleko ezingagwemeka. Isikhathi esilungile sesenzo bekuyizolo. Isikhathi sesibili-esihamba phambili sinamuhla.

Amabhizinisi kufanele abeke phambili ukutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo phakathi nemijikelezo yokushintshwa kwemishini, ukulungiswa kwesikhungo, noma lapho ebhekene nokuhluleka kwemishini. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sihambisana nezindleko ezinkulu ezihleliwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka okuphindwe kabili kanye nezindleko. Izikhungo eziningi zithola izinyathelo zokukhokha zonyaka ongu-1-3 ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izici zesikhathi. Utshalomali olude lwembuyiselo ngokuvamile lulinda imijikelezo yokushintshanisa noma ukukhuphuka kwentengo yamandla okubalulekile okufinyeza izikhathi zokubuyisela.

Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kuhlala kungashintshi, kodwa inani lezomnotho lishintsha kakhulu ngesikhathi sosuku. Amandla asetshenziswa phakathi namahora okufuneka kakhulu (ngokuvamile okungu-4-8 PM phakathi nezinsuku) kubiza u-30-40% ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokukhuphuka kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle okwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwehora eliphakeme kuletha izinzuzo zezezimali eziphakeme ngokulinganayo. Lo mphumela wesikhathi uchaza ukuthi kungani izinsiza zinikeza izaphulelo eziphezulu zezinyathelo eziqondiswe ekunciphiseni isidingo esikhulu.

Isikhathi sesizini sithinta kokubili ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa nokutholwa kwenani. Ukuthuthukisa amasistimu okushisa ehlobo kanye namasistimu okupholisa phakathi nobusika kunciphisa ukungaphatheki kahle kanye nezindleko zokushesha izimo eziphuthumayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kuletha inani{2}}lonyaka wonke uma selifakiwe. Idatha yango-2024 ibonisa amaphrojekthi aqedwe ekuqaleni konyaka ngokuvamile athatha uxhaso lwesaphulelo oluningi kunemizamo yakamuva, njengoba izinhlelo eziningi zisebenzisa isabelomali ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka-.

Lokhu kuncike esimweni samanje semishini kanye nokuvuthwa okutholakalayo kobuchwepheshe. Amathuluzi asebenzayo anezikhathi zokukhokha ezedlula impilo esele ewusizo kuphakamisa ukulinda. Amathuluzi ahlulekile noma maduzane{2}}ukuthi{3}}ukwehluleka kudinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha{4}}okulindile kumosha amandla kanye nezingozi zokwehluleka ukusebenza. Imakethe ka-2024-2025 inikezela ngobuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle obuvuthiwe (ama-LED, amaphampu okushisa, amadrayivu ahlukahlukene) lapho ukulinda kunikeza inzuzo encane. Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa obunokusebenza okungaqinisekile noma izindleko eziphezulu bungathethelela ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngaphambi kokutholwa.

Energy Efficiency