Ibhethri le-AGVUmhlahlandlela Wokukhetha: I-Voltage, Amandla Nezidingo Zokushaja
Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, sibone amaphrojekthi amaningi e-AGV enza ukukhetha kwebhethri kungalungile kunokulungile. Hhayi ngoba amakhasimende antula ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ama-spec sheet abahlinzeki abawahlinzekayo awasizi ngalutho ekwenzeni izinqumo zangempela. Amabhethri amabili womabili abhalwe ukuthi 48V 100Ah, elilodwa libiza ngokuphindwe kathathu kunelinye. Uyini umehluko? Yilokho lo mhlahlandlela umayelana.
Ukukhetha Amandla kagesi
Umthengisi wakho we-AGV uthi imoto idinga i-48V, ngakho-ke uyothenga amabhethri angu-48V. Kubonakala kuqondile. Akunjalo.
I-Basic physics kuqala.
Amandla alingana nezikhathi ze-voltage zamanje. Ukukhipha i-5000W, uhlelo lwe-48V ludonsa i-104A, uhlelo lwe-36V ludonsa i-139A, uhlelo lwe-24V ludonsa i-208A. Amandla aphezulu asho izintambo eziwugqinsi, ukuguga okusheshayo kokuxhumana noma, ukushisa okwengeziwe kuzixhumi. Ukusebenzisa i-24V lapho ungasebenzisa khona i-48V kucela inkinga emgwaqeni.
Kodwa amaphrojekthi wangempela awalula kangako. Senze iphrojekthi yokugcina ebandayo ngonyaka odlule, ekuqaleni i-48V LFP. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwenyuka emazingeni okushisa abandayo, ukuvikeleka kokushaja kwakulokhu kubangela. Ishintshele ku-36V. Isebenza kancane ephepheni, kodwa ithembekile. Ezimweni zesiqandisi, ukwethembeka kudlula ukusebenza kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Imithetho yami yokukhetha amandla kagesi:
24V
I-24V isebenzela imithwalo engaphansi kuka-500kg, ngaphansi kwesidingo samandla angu-2kW, isabelomali esiqinile. Ngokweqiniso asisavamile ukuncoma i-24V ngaphandle uma amaklayenti eyicela ngokuqondile.
48V
I-48V ifaka ama-AGV amaningi e-warehouse. Iphatha imithwalo engamathani angu-1 kuye ku-2.5, ingqalasizinda yokushaja evuthiwe, ukukhetha okubanzi kakhulu kwabahlinzeki. Ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo uma kungekho okukhethekile okuqhubekayo.
72V+
I-72V kanye ne-80V yamaforklift asindayo, izinto zechweba, izithuthi zangaphandle. AbakwaSamsung SDI bakhe uhlelo lwe-94V lwamaforklift kagesi angamathani ayi-10 okuthiwa afana nokusebenza kukadizili (okuvela kuwebhusayithi yabo, angikaze ngizihlolele mina, kodwa irekhodi le-Samsung kulesi sikhala liqinile).
Amandla: Wonke umuntu Uyayazi Ifomula, Akekho Owazi Ukuthi Ukuthathaphi Okufakiwe
Ifomula
Amandla (Ah)=Amandla (W) × Isikhathi sokusebenza (amahora) ÷ Voltage (V) ÷ Ukusebenza kahle
Ukusebenza kahle: 0.95 ye-lithium, i-0.85 ye-lead acid.
Inkinga inombolo "yamandla". Abathengisi be-AGV bakunikeza "izimo ezijwayelekile" okusho ukuthi izitezi eziyisicaba, imithwalo evamile, akukho ukuqala nokuma njalo. Izindlu zokugcina impahla zangempela zinamarempu, ukulayishwa ngokweqile, amahora aphezulu ngokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Ukukhipha amandla kwangempela kungasebenza ngo-50% ngaphezu kwezinombolo zeshidi elithile.
Esikwenzayo: cela izinombolo ezintathu kumthengisi we-AGV. Amandla okuhamba alayishiwe, amandla okukhuphuka alayishiwe, amandla aphezulu. Bese ulinganisa isilinganiso esinesisindo esisuselwe emizileni yangempela yeklayenti. Uma umthengisi enganikeza inombolo eyodwa "amandla amaphakathi" angacacile, ngiphindaphinda ngo-1.3 ngaphambi kokubala.
Ukuze uthole inkomba, i-JD Logistics ishicilele idatha ezindlini zabo ezihlakaniphile zase-Asia No.1. I-Dilang AGVs yabo ithwala u-500kg, igijima amahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-9 ilayishwe kumaseli angenisiwe, isekela ukushaja okusheshayo okungu-50A okuqeda emizuzwini engu-30 (umthombo: imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe ye-JD Logistics). Ku-48V, ukushaja okungu-50A kusho umthamo webhethri endaweni ethile phakathi kuka-40Ah no-60Ah. Lokho kunengqondo kumthwali we-500kg. Uma imoto yakho ithwala imizila eminingi noma igijima, khuphula umthamo ngokufanele.
I-Chemistry: LFP, NMC, LTO Ngayinye Inendawo Yayo
Amakhemikhali amathathu e-lithium abusa imakethe ye-AGV. Nakhu engikuthathayo:
I-LFP (i-lithium iron phosphate)
Ukukhetha okulungile kwamaphrojekthi angu-90%. Impilo yomjikelezo omude, iphrofayili enhle yokuphepha, izindleko zehle kakhulu. I-CATL ne-BYD zenza amaseli e-LFP athembekile ngamaketanga asele akhulile. Ngaphandle uma unesizathu esithile sokukhetha enye into, ngokuzenzakalela ku-LFP.
I-NMC (nickel manganese cobalt)
Ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu kune-LFP, kodwa impilo yomjikelezo omfushane kanye nengozi ephezulu yokuphuma kokushisa. Cabangela i-NMC kuphela uma indawo yebhethri yakho ye-AGV incane kakhulu ukuthi ilingane nevolumu ye-LFP oyidingayo. Ngokwami angiyithandi i-NMC ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla. Uma kwenzeka ukubaleka okushisayo, ulahlekelwa yisamba senani le-warehouse, hhayi nje i-AGV.
I-LTO (lithium titanate)
Icala elikhethekile. Ukuminyana kwamandla kuyingxenye ye-LFP (iphansi ngempela), kodwa isivinini sokushaja sidlulele (5C akuyona inkinga, ukushajwa okugcwele ngamaminithi angu-12), impilo yomjikelezo idlulele (15000+ imijikelezo), ukusebenza kwesimo sezulu esibandayo kudlulele (isebenza ngaphansi kuka-30 degree). Inani futhi ngokwedlulele. Izimo ezimbili lapho i-LTO inengqondo khona: ukusebenza okuqhubekayo okungu-24/7 okunamafasitela okushaja amaminithi angu-10 ukuya kwangu-15 kuphela, noma izindawo ezibandayo ezinamazinga okushisa angaphansi{11}}ayiziro. Uma iphrojekthi yakho ilingana nanoma yisiphi isimo, intengo yeprimiyamu ye-LTO iyathetheleleka.
| Uhlobo | Ukuminyana kwamandla | Imijikelezo | Imininingwane |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-LFP | 90 kuya ku-160 Wh/kg | 2000 kuya ku-5000 | Iphatha inhlawulo yokushaja engu-1C, isebenza kuze kufike ku-minus 20 degree, izindleko ezimaphakathi. |
| I-NMC | 150 kuya ku-220 Wh/kg | 1000 kuya ku-2000 | Qaphela ngaphezu kokushaja okungu-1C, ukusebenza okubandayo okumaphakathi, izindleko eziphezulu. |
| I-LTO | 50 kuya ku-80 Wh/kg | 15000 kuya ku-20000 | Iphatha ukushaja okungu-5C, isebenza ku-minus 30 degree, izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu. |
I-LFP Chemistry efanayo, Amandla Ahlukile: Ungakhetha Kanjani
Abantu bayakubuza lokhu kakhulu. Abahlinzeki abaningi abakuchazi kahle ngoba bafuna uthenge okukhudlwana (imajini ephezulu).
Ingabe enkulu ihlala ingcono? Cha.
Izinkinga ezinkulu zamandla
Okokuqala, isisindo.Iphakethe le-100Ah LFP linesisindo esingama-45kg, i-200Ah inesisindo esingu-85kg. Lowo 40kg owengeziwe unciphisa umthamo wokulayisha noma ukhuphule ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngohambo ngalunye.
Okwesibili, isikhathi sokushaja.Ku-0.5C, i-100Ah ithatha amahora angu-2, i-200Ah ithatha amahora angu-4.
Okwesithathu,uma i-shift ngayinye isebenzisa kuphela u-30% womthamo webhethri, u-70% walawo maseli ahlala endaweni ephezulu yokukhokha nsuku zonke, asheshisa ukuguga kwekhalenda.
Izinkinga zamandla amancane
Izinkinga ezincane zomthamo ziyabonakala: isikhathi esifushane sokusebenza, ingozi yokufa kwezimoto phakathi-noshintsho uma ishejuli yokushaja ishelela.
Isimiso sami sokulinganisa
Thola ukuthi angakanani amandla asetshenziswa imoto phakathi kwamathuba okushaja, bese ukhetha umthamo ukuze usebenzise u-60% kuya ku-70% wephekhi umjikelezo ngamunye. Ayijulile ngokwanele ukugcizelela amaseli, ayishoni ngokwanele ukuthi ingamosha imali ngomthamo ongasetshenzisiwe.
Isibonelo: I-AGV ingashaja njalo ngamahora ama-4, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okumaphakathi okungu-800W. Amahora amane ku-800W yi-3200Wh. Ku-48V lokho kungu-67Ah. Iphakethe le-100Ah lisho ukusetshenziswa okungu-67% ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Yileyo ndawo emnandi. Iphakethe le-150Ah lingasebenzisa kuphela u-45% ngomjikelezo ngamunye, limoshe imali kumaseli angakutholi okokugcina.
I-DOD ne-Cycle Life: Lolu lwazi luzokongela imali
I-DOD isho ukujula kokukhishwa. Umthelela wayo empilweni yebhethri mkhulu kunalokho abantu abaningi abakuqaphelayo.
I-Battery University (batteryuniversity.com) ishicilele idatha yokuhlola ngizoyicaphuna ngqo:
Amaseli e-LFP ajikelezwe ku-100% DOD afinyelela umthamo wama-80% azungeze imijikelezo engama-600. Amaseli afanayo ajikeleziswa ku-40% DOD ahlala ngaphezu kwemijikelezo engu-3000. Ibhethri elifanayo, ukugibela ibhayisikili okungajulile kuletha amandla amaningi ngokuphindwe kambalwa empilweni yakho yonke kunokuhamba ngebhayisikili okujulile.
Kusho ukuthini lokhu ngokoqobo? Kungcono ukuthenga umthamo othe ukukhudlwana futhi usebenzise uhhafu wawo kuphela kunokuthenga lokho okudingayo futhi ukhiphe yonke imijikelezo. Indlela yesibili ibukeka ishibhile ekuqaleni kodwa uzoshintsha amabhethri kaningi.
Ukucushwa kwethu okujwayelekile manje: Iphansi le-SOC ku-20% kuya ku-25%, uphahla ku-80% kuya ku-85%, izimoto zisebenza ngaphakathi kwaleli windi. Ihlanganiswe nethuba lokushaja, impilo yebhethri inweba izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu uma kuqhathaniswa nokushaja okugcwele/ukukhulula ukuhamba ngebhayisikili.
Umbono owodwa oyiphutha ovamile
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium adinga ukukhishwa okugcwele ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze "alinganise." Lokho ukucabanga kwe-nickel cadmium, okungalungile ngokuphelele nge-lithium. Ukukhishwa okujulile kulimaza isakhiwo se-electrode. I-BMS yesimanje isebenzisa ukubala kwe-coulomb kusilinganiso se-SOC, ayidingi imijikelezo engenalutho yokulinganisa.
Isu lokushaja: Ithuba lokushaja noma Ukushintsha ibhethri
Zombili izindlela zinendawo yazo. Futhi ngokwemvelo "ayithuthukile kakhulu."
Ithuba lokushaja
Isebenza lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-AGV kuhlala ngaphansi kwama-75%. Imoto ishaja ngesikhathi ilinde imisebenzi, iklelile, ilayisha/ithulula. Iseshini ngayinye ithatha imizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwengama-30. Ingeza isikhathi sokusebenza esanele usuku lonke. Akukho ukungenelela komuntu okudingekayo. Nge-LFP esekela ukushaja kwe-1C, imizuzu engu-15 yengeza umthamo olinganiselwa ku-25%, owanele elinye ihora noma amabili okusebenza.
Ukushintsha ibhethri
Isebenza uma ukusetshenziswa kudlula u-95% futhi izimoto azikwazi ukuma. Imoto ingena esiteshini sokushintshisana, ibhethri lishintshile emizuzwini emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5, libuyela emsebenzini ngokushesha. Ukuhwebelana-: imoto ngayinye idinga amabhethri angu-2 ukuya kwangu-3, izisetshenziswa ezizinikezele zokushintshanisa, ama-opharetha ukuze enze izinguquko.
Icala lika-DHL kufanele liphawulwe. Izikhungo zabo zokusabalalisa umhlaba wonke zisebenzisa amarobhothi e-Locus Robotic anethuba lokushaja. Ukukhetha ukusebenza kahle kuthuthuke ngo-50% kuya ku-70%, ukulimala emsebenzini kwehle ngo-15% (umthombo: Iwebhusayithi ye-DHL kanye ne-Logistics Viewpoints). Lezo zinzuzo ezisebenza kahle aziveli kumarobhothi ngokwawo. Ukushaja kwethuba kuvumela ukusebenza kwangempela kwamahora angama-24 okungenamuntu. Ukonga izindleko zabasebenzi kukhulu.
Izingibe Zendawo Ebandayo
Uma inqolobane yakho inezindawo zesiqandisi noma zefriji, ukukhetha ibhethri kudinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.
Amabhethri e-lithium anezinkinga ezimbili emakhazeni. Okokuqala, umthamo wehla: at minus 10℃, LFP igcina mhlawumbe 85% umthamo; at minus 20℃mhlawumbe 70%. Okwesibili, imikhawulo yokushaja: ukushaja i-lithium ngaphansi kweqhwa kubangela ukufakwa kwe-lithium ku-anode. Lokho kuwumonakalo ongunaphakade kanye nengozi yezokuphepha. Iningi le-BMS liyenqaba inkokhiso yamanje uma izinga lokushisa leseli lehla ngaphansi kuka-0℃.
Izixazululo ezingokoqobo: noma usethe izindawo zokushaja ngaphandle kwendawo ebandayo (izimoto ziphuma ziyoshajwa, zibuye uma seziqedile), noma sebenzisa amasistimu ebhethri anokushisa kwangaphambili (amaseli afudumele ngaphezu kwezingaqhwa ngaphambi kokwamukela amandla amanje).
Uma ama-AGV akho esebenza izikhathi ezinwetshiwe ngaphansi kuka-25℃, i-LFP evamile cishe ngeke iyinqamule. Cabanga nge-LTO noma amabhethri akhethekile abandayo. Amaseli e-LMFP e-SVOLT afuna ukusebenza ngo-minus 30℃. Bakhe indawo ehloniphekile ku-cold chain logistics. Kuyafaneleka ukuphenywa ngezicelo zesiqandisi.
Egijima Izinombolo
Izibalo zikakhonkolo. I-48V AGV eyodwa,-ukusebenza kwamashifu amabili (amahora angu-16 nsuku zonke),-umkhathizwe weminyaka emihlanu.
Indlela ye-lead acid
Amabhethri (2 ukuzungezisa):$4,000
Ishaja:$1,500
Ugesi waminyaka yonke (iminyaka emi-5):$9,000
Isondlo sonyaka (iminyaka emi-5):$3,000
Ukushintshwa (Unyaka wesi-3):$4,000
Ukulahleka kwesikhathi sokuphumula (iminyaka emi-5):$12,000
Iminyaka-emihlanu:inani elingu-$33,500
Indlela ye-LFP
Ibhethri (elilodwa kuphela):$12,000
Ishaja esheshayo:$3,500
Ugesi waminyaka yonke (iminyaka emi-5):$5,750
Isondlo:$0
Ukushintshwa:$0
Ukulahleka kwesikhathi sokuphumula (iminyaka emi-5): $2,000
Iminyaka-emihlanu:inani elingu-$23,250
Ukonga: $10,250, cishe u-31%
Lokhu akuzibali ngisho nezindleko zokulahla i-asidi eholayo noma inani eliyinsalela ye-lithium ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu.
Kunini lapho i-lithium ingenangqondo? Ukusebenza okukodwa (ngaphansi kwamahora angu-8 ngosuku), ukusetshenziswa okuphansi. Izindleko zangaphambili ze-lead eziphansi zithatha iminyaka engu-7 kuya kwengu-8 ukuze zinqobe. Uma umkhathizwe wephrojekthi yakho kuyiminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 kuphela futhi usebenzisa i-shift eyodwa kuphela, i-asidi yomthofu ingase iphume kangcono.
I-BMS: Ngaphezu Kweziyingi Zokuvikela
Abantu abaningi baphatha i-BMS njengamasekhethi okuvikela nje. Nquma ibhethri ngesikhathi lishajwa kakhulu,{1}}liphuma ngaphezulu,{2}}ngaphezu{2}}kwamanje, ngaphezu{3}}kwezinga lokushisa. Umsebenzi wenziwa. I-BMS yesimanje yenza okuningi kakhulu.
Isilinganiso se-SOC
I-BMS enhle izuza ukunemba phakathi kokuthi kuhlanganiswe noma kukhishwe u-1% kuya ku-3% (isimangalo samadokhumenti obuchwepheshe be-Infineon kuhlanganisa noma kukhishwe u-1% ngezisombululo zawo). Kungani ukunemba kubalulekile? Isistimu yakho yokuthumela ingakwabela imisebenzi ngokusekelwe enkokhelweni esele yemoto ngayinye. Izimoto{{5}ezibiza kakhulu zithola{6}}imisebenzi yamabanga amade, izimoto{7}}ezibiza kancane zithola imigijimo emifushane noma ziya ekushajweni. Uma iphutha lesilinganiso se-SOC lingu-10%, lokhu kuthuthukisa kuba yinto engenakwenzeka.
Ukuqapha kwe-SOH
Ukulandelela Isimo Sezempilo. I-BMS enhle ilandelela amajika omthamo webhethri ngalinye, ixwayisa ezinyangeni ezizayo uma iphekhi lehluleka. Kungcono kunokulinda imoto efile kanye nokubhekana nesikhathi sokuphumula esiphuthumayo.
Ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa
Ukuqapha-kwangempela ngesikhathi ezindaweni eziningi ephaketheni. Amabala ashisayo kusenesikhathi, anciphisa amandla ngaphambi kokuba izinkinga zikhule.
Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana
Ibhasi le-CAN noma i-RS485 ixhumeka ohlelweni lwakho lokuphatha impahla. Ivumela i-WMS ukuthi ibone isimo sebhethri sayo yonke imoto.
Ungashibhi nge-BMS. Sibone amakhasimende elondoloza amakhulu ambalwa amadola kumayunithi e-BMS ebhajethi, bese sithola amaphutha esilinganiso se-SOC makhulu kangangokuthi isistimu yokuthunyelwa kwempahla ayikwazi nhlobo ukusebenzisa idatha. Kungenzeka futhi ungabi naso isici.
Izitifiketi: Hhayi nje Umsebenzi Wamaphepha
Izitifiketi ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu: UN38.3 kanye ne-IEC 62619.
UN38.3
Ihlanganisa ukuphepha kwezokuthutha. Ihlola ukulingiswa kwe-altitude, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kwezinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza, ukushaqeka, ukujikeleza okufushane, ukushajwa ngokweqile, ukukhipha ngempoqo. Iyadingeka kunoma iyiphi imingcele yebhethri ye-lithium ewela imingcele. Cha UN38.3, izinkampani zempahla ngeke ziyithinte.
I-IEC 62619
Ihlanganisa ukuphepha kwebhethri ye-lithium yezimboni. Izinto zokuhlola ziyagqagqana ne-UN38.3 kodwa zigxile kakhulu kuzimo zokusebenza: ukungena kwezinzipho, ukuhlolwa kokwehla, ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzi we-BMS. I-IEC 62619 yakha isisekelo sobuchwepheshe sokumaka i-CE eYurophu, isitifiketi se-AS/NZS e-Australia, ukugunyazwa kwe-PSE e-Japan.
Iphuzu elibalulekile: izitifiketi zisebenza kumamodeli athile omkhiqizo, hhayi kubakhiqizi. Abanye abakhiqizi baqinisekisa imodeli eyodwa bese beshaya isitifiketi kukho konke abakuthengisayo. Uma uthenga, qinisekisa inombolo yemodeli yesitifiketi ifana ncamashi nalokhu okuthengayo. Izitifiketi ezingafani azilutho.
Amanothi Womhlinzeki
Okumbalwa esike sabhekana nakho:
Phakathi kwabahlinzeki baseShayina, i-BYD inesabelo esikhulu semakethe kumabhethri e-lithium ye-forklift kagesi, okubikwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-60 eChina. Amabhethri abo e-blade aphuma newaranti yeminyaka eyi-10. I-CATL ne-Hangcha bakha i-JV ebizwa ngokuthi i-Pengcheng New Energy eqondene ngqo namabhethri e-forklift ne-AGV. Uma usuvele usebenzisa izimoto ze-Hangcha, leso siteshi singase sishelele.
Phakathi kwabahlinzeki baseNtshonalanga, uchungechunge lwe-EnerSys NexSys luqinile. Uhlelo lwabo lokushaja okungenantambo lwe-NexSys AIR lusekela i-lead acid, i-TPPL, ne-lithium engqalasizinda efanayo. Iwusizo uma umkhumbi wakho usuka ku-lead acid ukuya ku-lithium futhi ufuna ukuvikela ukutshalwa kwempahla yakho yokushaja.
Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze lapho uhlola abahlinzeki:
Imuphi umkhiqizi weseli, yiliphi ibanga (A-ibanga noma B-ibanga)? Ingabe banganikeza idatha yokuhlolwa kwempilo yomjikelezo wamaphekhi, hhayi amaseli angenalutho? Ingabe umthamo wekhava yewaranti uyaphela noma ukwehluleka ngokuphelele? Bazisingatha kanjani izimangalo zewaranti (amabhethri okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ayabiza futhi ahamba kancane)?
Imicabango yokugcina
Ukukhetha ibhethri akusona{0}}isinqumo sokuthenga isikhathi esisodwa. Okukhethayo namuhla kunquma izindleko zokusebenza nobunzima bokulungisa iminyaka emi-5 kuya kweyi-10 ezayo. Ungabheki nje intengo yokuqala yokuthenga. Bala i-TCO yeminyaka emihlanu-ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo.
Uma unephrojekthi ethile emisebenzini futhi udinga ukuqinisekisa ukucaciswa kwebhethri lakho, thumela ngaphezu kwemingcele yokusebenza, ububanzi besabelomali, izidingo ezikhethekile (isitoreji esibandayo,{0}}ubufakazi bokuqhuma, ubukhulu obungavamile). Sike sanyathela amanye alawa mabhomu agqitshwayo ngaphambilini futhi singakusiza ukuthi uwagweme.
