I-Laser Sight Integration Yezinhlelo Zokusebenza Zesimanje

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi izinto ezibonwa nge-laser ezezibhamu nje, kodwa ubuchwepheshe busabalele ngale kwaleyo makethe yokuqala. Besisebenza ngamasistimu wokukhomba nge-laser kusukela ngo-2019, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zilokhu zinwebeka emikhakheni yezimboni, yezokwelapha, neyerobhothi lapho ukunemba kubalulekile khona.

Umgomo oyisisekelo awukashintshi kangako - uphrojusa uthango olubonakalayo noma lwe-IR olumaka lapho okuthile kuzoshaya khona noma lapho ithuluzi lizosebenza khona. Kepha ukubulawa kuba nzima ngokushesha uma ufaka izinketho zokukhuphuka, izidingo zamandla, nezimo zemvelo.

I-Crimson Trace ikhiphe uchungechunge lwayo lwe-Rail Master emuva ngo-2018, futhi lawo mayunithi akwazi ukuphatha i-1000G yokushaqeka kabusha. Leso sici sibe ibhentshimakhi yokufakwa kwezimboni ngoba uma sisinda ekubuyiseleni isibhamu, sizophatha izindawo eziningi zokudlidliza lapho kukhiqizwa. Imodeli ye-RM-110 ibize cishe u-$280 wokudayisa (intengo ye-crimsontrace.com kusukela ngo-2020), eyayingumqansa kodwa ikunike i-laser ebomvu engu-5mW ehlale iqanda ngemva kwemithelela ephindaphindiwe.

Ngomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa, sihlole uchungechunge lwe-TLR ye-Streamlight eceleni kwezinketho ezishibhile ezivela kubakhiqizi baphesheya. I-temperature drift ibulale - amayunithi abiza ngaphansi kuka-$50 ayengashintsha iphuzu lawo ayekuhlosile ngamayintshi angu-3-4 kumafithi angu-20 uma esuka ku-60℃F ukuya ku-95℃F emazingeni okushisa esitolo. Amayunithi e-Streamlight (cishe ama- $180-220 kuye ngemodeli) abambe uziro phakathi kwamayintshi angu-0.5 kulolo bubanzi ngokokuhlola kwethu ibhentshi ehlobo lika-2021.

Awudingi njalo lelo zinga lokuzinza noma kunjalo. Kuncike ngokuphelele kulokho okwenzayo.

Laser Sight

Lokhu kuyaxaka ngoba ukuhlanganiswa kwedivayisi yezokwelapha ngokuvamile kudinga amalaser Ekilasi 2 (okukhiphayo okungaphansi kuka-1mW ngokwemithetho ye-FDA - i-accessdata.fda.gov inezigaba ezigcwele) kodwa idinga ukunemba kokuma ngaphansi kuka-0.1mm ebangeni lokusebenza elingu-300-500mm. I-Coherent Inc. yenza amamojula e-laser afinyelela lezo zibalo - uchungechunge lwabo lwe-CUBE lubiza cishe u-$400-600 ngeyunithi ngayinye kuye ngobude begagasi nokuphuma kwamandla.

Sihlanganise ama-laser abomvu angama-635nm ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa i-catheter ngonyaka odlule. Ubude begagasi bubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho abantu abaqaphela ukuthi - 635i-nm ikhombisa indlela engcono kakhulu kuno-650nm ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-fluorescent okujwayelekile, into efana ne-4x ebonakalayo kakhulu ngokuya ngemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe ye-Laserex. Umehluko wezindleko mhlawumbe u-15-20% kodwa kuwufanele uma opharetha besebenzisa uhlelo lokuqondanisa amashifu wamahora angu-8.

Amalaser aluhlaza (imvamisa engu-532nm) abonakala nakakhulu emehlweni abantu, cishe ngo-5x ngaphezu kokubomvu ekuphumeni kwamandla okufanayo. Kodwa zibiza kakhulu futhi zidla amabhethri ngokushesha. Silinganise umdwebo wamanje kumojula eluhlaza engu-5mW ku-180mA uma uqhathanisa no-120mA ukuze uthole okukhiphayo okubomvu okulinganayo. Okwamathuluzi aphathwayo abalulekile. Ukufaka okugxilile okunamandla odongeni, sebenzisa okuluhlaza uma isabelomali sivuma.

I-ABB Robotics yaqala ukuhlanganisa izikhombi ze-laser ochungechungeni lwabo lwe-IRB cishe ngo-2017 ukuze ifundise imisebenzi elengayo. Kwenze kwaba lula ukuthi ochwepheshe babone ngeso lengqondo izindlela zamarobhothi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imisebenzi ebukhoma. Amamojula e-laser abawasebenzisile ayengeyona into ewubukhazikhazi - ngokuyisisekelo amayunithi okuthengisa apakishwe kabusha ngokukhweza ukushaqeka okungcono kanye nezindlu ezilinganiselwe nge-IP67.

I-Fanuc ithathe indlela ehlukile ngamarobhothi abo asebenzisanayo e-CRX, ibeka i-laser emitter ku-flange yamathuluzi futhi iyisebenzisela ukubonakala kwendawo yokuphepha. Isistimu yabo ikhiqiza indawo engu-10-15mm ububanzi ehamba nomphumela wokugcina. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kusebenza cishe ngo-2W ngokuqhubekayo, okuphuma ngokuqondile kubhajethi yamandla yamathuluzi. Udinga ukukulandisa lokho lapho ucacisa ama-grippers noma ezinye iziphetho.

I-Universal Robots ayifaki izinto ezibonwa nge-laser njengezijwayelekile kodwa i-UR+ ecosystem yayo inezinketho ezimbalwa{1}}zezinkampani zangaphandle. Ikhamera ye-Robotiq Wrist kwesinye isikhathi ibhangqwa ne-coaxial laser ukuze kulinganiswe ukujula, nakuba lokho kungena endaweni yokukhanya ehlelekile kunokuphokophela okulula.

Amazinga e-laser yokwakha ayisigaba esihluke ngokuphelele kodwa okufanele sishiwo. Uchungechunge lwe-GLL ye-Bosch kanye ne-DW088 ka-Dewalt zombili zisebenzisa amalaser ekilasi 2 nemigqa yephrojekthi esikhundleni samachashazi. I-DW088 isebenzisa cishe u-$150 futhi iphonsa imigqa eqondile eqondile ukuya ku-±1/8 intshi kumafidi angu-30 (dewalt.com spec sheet). Lezi zinto zishibhile ngokwanele kangangokuthi zivela ezindaweni zezitolo ezincane ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi wesakhiwo.

Izibalo zempilo yebhethri ziba zimbi ngoba ukusebenza kahle kwe-laser diode kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga lokushisa. I-laser diode evamile ebomvu ingase isebenze kahle ngo-15-20%, okusho ukuthi u-80-85% wamandla okufaka uba ukushisa. Kungakho ukufakwa okuqhubekayo komsebenzi kudinga ukucwiliswa kokushisa ngisho namamojula wamandla aphansi.

Silinganise imojuli ye-laser ebomvu engu-5mW edonsa u-90mA ku-3.3V - lokho cishe okokufaka okungu-300mW kokuphumayo okungu-5mW, ngakho-ke cishe ukusebenza kahle okungu-17%. Ukuqalisa lokho kubhethri le-CR123A (umthamo we-1500mAh ku-3V) kukunikeza isikhathi sokusebenza esicatshangelwayo samahora ayi-16-17, kodwa uzobona okufana namahora ayi-12-14 ekusebenzeni ngoba amandla ebhethri ehla ngaphansi komthwalo.

Ukuzikhweza ngokwakho kubangela uhhafu wezinkinga esizibona ekufakweni kwenkambu. Izimbobo zokufaka i-M3 zijwayelekile kodwa ukujula kwentambo kuyehluka phakathi kwabakhiqizi. Amanye amamojula aseShayina acacisa imicu engu-M3x0.5 ekujuleni okungu-4mm, amanye ashona ngo-6mm. Kuzwakala njengokuncane kodwa uma uzama ukukhweza ngepuleti le-aluminium elingu-3mm ngokuhlanganiswa kochungechunge okufanele, lowo mehluko ongu-2mm unquma ukuthi ungasebenzisa yini ibhawudi elijwayelekile noma udinga ihadiwe yangokwezifiso.

I-Surefire isebenzisa isistimu ye-proprietary grabber kaloliwe ezilambuni zabo ze-X400 eziphinda zisebenze kahle ekukhwezweni kwezimboni ku-T-slot aluminium extrusion. I-clamping force iyalungiseka futhi ayincikile ku-torque yentambo, esiza ukugcina uziro ezindaweni{3}}zokudlidliza okuphezulu. Amayunithi abiza cishe u-$600 kodwa ahlala unomphela. Sinezinye ezisebenzayo kusukela ngo-2018 ngokulungiswa kwe-zero ngale kokushintshashintsha kwebhethri.

Laser Sight

Amalaser e-IR (imvamisa angu-850nm noma 940nm wavelengths) avela kuzinzwa zekhamera kodwa hhayi emehlweni abantu. Iwusizo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zokubona komshini lapho ungafuni ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuphazamise imigqa yokubona yomsebenzisi. I-Edmund Optics ithengisa amamojula angu-850nm cishe ku-$200-300 abhangqwa namakhamera ezimboni ajwayelekile. Amakhamera we-Basler ace series anokuzwela okuhle kulolo hlu - imodeli yawo ye-acA1920-40gm ibonisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum okungu-50% ku-850nm kumininingwane yedatha (baslerweb.com).

I-940nm ingabonakali nakakhulu kodwa ukuzwela kwekhamera kuyehla. Izinzwa eziningi ze-silicon mhlawumbe zine-30% QE ku-940nm uma ziqhathaniswa no-50% ku-850nm, ngakho-ke uyeka isignali ukuze uthole ukufihlakala okungcono. Kuyafaneleka kuphela uma{7}}ukukhanya okubonakalayo komuntu kuyinkinga ngempela.

Amathuluzi okuqondanisa i-laser amasistimu okubona ngezinye izikhathi asebenzisa i-IR ngoba asebenza ezindaweni lapho ukukhanya okubonakalayo okulahlekile kubangela izinkinga. Amalaser okuqondanisa e-IR e-Newport Corporation asebenzisa u-$800-1200 kodwa akunikeza okukhipha amandla okulungisekayo kanye nekhwalithi engcono ye-beam kunamamojula ashibhile. Amanani e-M² angaphansi kuka-1.1 uma kuqhathaniswa nokungu-1.3-1.5 kumayunithi ezentengiso. Lokho kubalulekile uma uzama ukubhangqa ezindaweni ezincane noma ulondoloze ukungqubuzana amabanga amade.

Asizisebenzisi lezo ngaphandle uma uhlelo lokusebenza lufuna lokho. Izindleko zengeza ngokushesha.

I-"5mW laser pointer" ingaba nokuhluka kwe-beam noma kuphi ukusuka kuma-milliradians angu-0.5 kuye ku-1.5 milliradians. Kumamitha angu-10 lowo umehluko phakathi kwechashaza elingu-5mm nechashaza elingu-15mm. Abakhiqizi ngezinye izikhathi bayakucacisa lokhu, ngezinye izikhathi abakwenzi.

Amalaser aluhlaza ashibhile avela e-Amazon avame ukusebenzisa ukuhluka okungu-1.2-1.5 mrad. Silinganise amayunithi ambalwa ngokusetha okulula - i-laser ebangeni eligxilile, ithagethi emhlophe, sikala ububanzi bendawo ngama-caliper. Ayilandeleki kahle i-NIST kodwa ilungele umsebenzi wokufaka isicelo. Amalaser aluhlaza abiza kakhulu e-DPSS avela ku-CNI noma i-Laserglow Technologies ngokuvamile angena ngaphansi kwe-1.0 mrad namaphrofayela angcono ayindilinga.

Iphrofayela ye-Beam ibalulekile uma uzama ukushaya okuhlosiwe okuncane. I-Gaussian beam ikunikeza indawo emaphakathi ehlanzekile ne-rolloff kancane kancane. Amalaser e-diode ashibhile kwesinye isikhathi anamaphrofayili ayi-elliptical noma angajwayelekile enza ukukhomba okunembayo kube nzima. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukwethemba ishidi elicacisiwe lomkhiqizi (okuyingozi engenawo-imikhiqizo yamagama) noma uzihlole wena.

Ekuqondaniseni kwethuluzi lokuhlinza sigcine ngokucacisa ubukhulu bokuhluka okungu-0.6 mrad ngenxa yokuthi ibanga lokusebenza lalingu-400mm futhi usayizi oqondiwe ubungu-2mm ububanzi. Lokho kukunikeza i-slop kodwa hhayi okuningi. I-premium yezindleko zokuhlukana okuqinile yayicishe ibe ngama-40% ngaphezu kwamamojula ajwayelekile ezimboni.

Sibeka amasistimu okuqondanisa i-laser ekusetheni isigayo se-CNC sokusetha ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo. Kubonakale kuqondile - khweza i-laser ku-spindle housing, iphrojekthi ixhumeke kuthagethi yesithenjwa engaguquki, linganisa ukuchezuka ngaphambi koshintsho lwethuluzi ngalinye. Isebenze kahle ekuhloleni, yehlulekile ekukhiqizeni ngoba ukusika inkungu ewuketshezi kwehlisa iwindi le-laser phakathi namaviki ama-2. Akekho owake wacabanga ngalokho phakathi nesigaba sokuklama.

Isixazululo bekuwukwengeza umlomo wombhobho wokuhlanza umoya ocindezelwe ogcina ukugeleza komoya okungaguquki embotsheni ye-laser. Kwengezwe u-$45 ezingxenyeni kanye nesikhathi sokufaka samahora angu-2 umshini ngamunye. Bekufanele kube kumklamo wokuqala.

Isinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa ngenye into eluma abantu. Sichaze isistimu yokumisa i-laser yethuluzi lokubeka eliyinhlanganisela elizosebenza ukusuka ku-65℃F ukuya ku-140℃F. Umkhiqizi wemojuli ye-laser uthe iyunithi yabo ilinganiselwe ku-140℃F kodwa akazange asho ukuthi ukuguquka kweqanda kuqinisekiswe kuphela ku-120℃F. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunwetshwa okushisayo kobakaki okhuphukayo kuhambise uhlaka lwamafidi angama-60 ngamayintshi angu-0. Akwamukelekile neze ukubekezelelwa kwe-layup.

Igcine ngokushintshela kumkhiqizi ohlukile (I-Laser Components DG GmbH, uchungechunge lwabo lwe-FP) olunikeze ngokusobala idatha yesinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa. Izindleko bezifana, cishe u-$380 module ngayinye, kodwa empeleni bahlola futhi babhala ngokuziphatha esikukhathalelayo.

Laser Sight

Ngokukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu-lapho i-laser sight ishumekwe khona emkhiqizweni, ngezinye izikhathi uvele ukhweze i-diode eluhlaza kanye nesekhethi yomshayeli ngokuqondile kunokuthenga imojuli eqediwe. Senze lokhu kudivayisi yezokwelapha ebidinga i-laser ebomvu engu-3mW - ukuthenga ama-diode e-Osram PLT5 450 ngobuningi obungu-1000 kubize cishe u-$4.20 lilinye (intengo ye-osram.com 2023 yabasabalalisi), kanye nomunye u-$2-3 womshayeli we-IC nezinqumo. Amamojula aphelele abiza u-$25-40 lilinye, ngakho i-DIY yenza umqondo ngevolumu.

Okubi ukuthi wenza idizayini yakho yokubona, i-heatsink, ukuqinisekiswa kwesekethe yomshayeli, nokuhlola ukwethembeka. Kokuthile okungena kudivayisi yezokwelapha edinga ukuhanjiswa kwe-FDA, lowo umsebenzi omkhulu wobunjiniyela. Sichithe cishe amahora angu-200 ekuklanyweni nasekuqinisekiseni, kodwa songe cishe u-$18,000 ezindlekweni zengxenye ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ifaneleka 1000+ ngamayunithi, ayifaneleki ngaphansi kwamayunithi angu-500.

I-collimating optics iyingxenye ekhohlisayo. Udinga i-aspheric lens noma{1}}isistimu yezinto eziningi ukuze uthole ikhwalithi ye-beam ehloniphekile ku-diode engenalutho. I-Edmund Optics ithengisa amalensi aspheric okuhlangana kwe-laser aqala cishe ku-$25-50 kuye nge-NA nobubanzi. Kodwa ukuthola ukungqubuzana okuhle kudinga isikhala esiqondile phakathi kwe-diode nelensi, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-0.05mm. Lokho kusho ukunemba kwemishini yezindlu noma izikulufo zokulungisa ezinokukhiya.

Abanye abakhiqizi benza lokhu ngamamojula we-diode{0}ahlanganiswe ngaphambili. I-Thorlabs inochungechunge lwayo lwe-CPS oluhlanganisa i-diode, umshayeli, ne-collimating optics ku-compact TO{2}}can package. Cishe u-$80-120 ngeyunithi ngayinye eseshibhile kunezikhombi ze-laser eziqediwe futhi ikunikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe komklamo.

Awunaso isiqiniseko sokuthi kungani abantu abaningi bengasebenzisi lezi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezishumekiwe. Baxazulula izinkinga eziningi zokubekezelelana ngenkathi besagcina izindleko zinengqondo ngamavolumu aphakathi.

Kumamojula we-laser ephathekayo ebangeni le-1-5mW,ibhethri ye-lithium CR1/3Nsebenza kahle ngokumangalisayo. Mancane ngokomzimba kodwa ane-170mAh ku-3V, anele amahora angu-8-10 wesikhathi sokusebenza kumamojula ajwayelekile e-laser abomvu. Siwasebenzise kumathuluzi okuqondanisa aphathwayo lapho amabhethri e-AA ayemaningi kakhulu. Izindleko zihamba cishe ngo-$2-3 ngeseli ngayinye ngobuningi, futhi impilo yeshalofu yiminyaka engu-10+ ebalulekile ekufakweni okuyisipele.