Kulungile... inverter.
Ngizozama ukuchaza lokhu ngaphandle kokuthola bonke ubuchwepheshe ngoba ngokweqiniso ngenkathi ngiqala ukubuka ilanga njengeminyaka engu-4 edlule yonke i-athikili engayifunda yayilula kakhulu ("iguqula amandla!") noma ilayishwe amagama wobunjiniyela engivele ngawabuka. Ngakho-ke thola indawo ephakathi lapha.
Into Akekho Umuntu Ovele Eyisho Phambili
I-inverter ithatha ugesi we-DC futhi iwuguqule ugesi we-AC. Yiwo wonke umsebenzi lowo.
I-DC=yamanje eqondile (iyini amaphaneli elanga enziwayo, isitolo samabhethri)
I-AC=yamanje eshintshashintshayo (izinto ezisetshenziswa indlu yakho, yini ephuma ezitolo)
Kungani lokhu kubalulekile? Ngoba ngokoqobo yonke into esendlini yakho -- isiqandisi sakho, i-TV, ishaja yocingo, lelo sibani esiyinqaba esivela ku-IKEA -- zonke zilindele amandla e-AC. Kodwa ama-solar panel akunikeza i-DC. Ngakho kukhona okumele ukuguqule. Ukuthi okuthile kuyi-inverter.
Ngikhumbula umngane wami u-Jake (nguye ongifake kuyo yonke le nto yelanga) wazama ukungichazela lokhu endaweni yokosa inyama futhi ngathi "kulungile kodwa kungani ama-solar panel engakwazi ukwenza i-AC ngqo?" futhi wavele... wanginika lokhu kubheka. Kuvela ukuthi i-physics. Amaseli elanga akhiqiza i-DC. Isikhathi. Awukwazi ukushintsha lokho. Ngakho-ke i-inverter.
Izinhlobo zama-Inverters (nokuthi Kungani Lokhu Kudideka Ngokushesha)
Kulungile ngakho-ke kunezinhlobo ezi-3 eziyinhloko, mhlawumbe ezi-4 uma ufuna ukukhetha ngakho.
I-String Inverters (Ukusetha "Kwendabuko"
Yilokhu abantu abaningi abakucabangayo. Ibhokisi elilodwa, ngokuvamile eliseceleni kwendlu yakho noma egalaji, liphatha wonke amaphaneli akho.
Umakhelwane wami u-Dave unalokhu kusetha. Unamaphaneli angama-20 ngiyacabanga? Mhlawumbe 18. Noma kunjalo, inverter eyodwa. Mbize cishe u-$1,800 nge-inverter ngokwayo, bese kuba enye i-$1,200 noma ngaphezulu ukuze ayifake. Inkampani yakhe yelanga yazama ukumthengisa ngama-microinverters kodwa wayefana nokuthi nah ngilungile.
Isebenza kahle ... kuze kube phakade. Nansi into -- uma leyo inverter eyodwa ingasebenzi (futhi benza, ngokuvamile cishe unyaka 10-ish kusukela engikubonile), lonke uhlelo lwakho luphansi. Nje... lutho. Akukho ukukhiqiza amandla kuze kube yilapho uwuthola esikhundleni. U-Dave usalokhu eqinile ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3 nakuba kunjaloungqongqoza okhunini.
Oh kanye nenye into eneziguquli zezintambo -- uma iphaneli eyodwa ifakwe umthunzi noma ingcolile noma inyoni iphuma kuyo (kwenzeka ngaphezu kwalokho obungacabanga), idonsela phansi yonke intambo. Kufana nezibani zikakhisimusi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-90s lapho isibani esisodwa sifa futhi umucu wonke uba mnyama. Akukhona ukuthi kubi kangako kodwa isimiso esifanayo.
Ama-Microinverters (Engangihamba Nakho Futhi Ngazisola Ngokufana Kodwa Futhi Angikwenzi?)
Ngakho esikhundleni se-inverter eyodwa enkulu, ubeka inverter encane ngemuva kwephaneli ngayinye. Iphaneli ngayinye yenza ukuguqulwa kwayo kwe-DC kuya ku-AC khona lapho ophahleni.
Ngahamba nama-Enphase microinverters. IQ8+ uma kukhona onendaba nemodeli. Ngohlelo lwami lwamaphaneli angu-15 obe...ibheka amarisidi amadala...$4,280 ngama-microinverters. Hawu. Yebo. Ibiza kakhulu kune-inverter yeyunithi yezinhlamvu.
Kodwa nakhu ukuthi kungani ngingazisoli ngokuphelele:
Uma iphaneli eyodwa inezinkinga, ezinye eziyi-14 ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle. Ukuzimela kwephaneli ngokuyisisekelo.
Ukuqapha kuyahlanya -- Ngiyabona kahle ukuthi iphaneli ngayinye ikhiqiza ini ngesikhathi sangempela efonini yami. (Yebo ngiyayihlola nsuku zonke. Yebo umkami uyangihlekisa ngalokhu.)
Kufanele zihlale iminyaka engu-25 newaranti ngakho ... ngombono ngeke ngidinge ukuxova nabo.
Ukwehla?
Kuyabiza (sengikushilo lokho kakade?)
Uma umuntu EFA, othile kufanele angene ophahleni lwakho ukuze ambuyisele esikhundleni. Nge-inverter yeyunithi yezinhlamvu ingukushintshaniswa kwebhokisi{1}}lezinga eliphansi.
Ukuqapha kuba yinto exakile. Njengoba manje sengazi ukuthi iphaneli yami ebheke empumalanga-#4 ikhiqiza ngaphansi kuka-8% kunalokho obekufanele futhi ingihlanyise kodwa akwanele ukuthi ngenze noma yini ngakho.
Ama-Hybrid Inverters / Ibhethri-Iziguquli Ezilungile / Noma ngabe Zibizwa Ngani
Lezi yizo ezikwazi ukuphatha kokubili i-solar KANYE namabhethri.
Uma uthola okuthile okufana ne-Tesla Powerwall noma lawo mabhethri e-Enphase noma yini, ufuna enye yalezi. Noma empeleni -- i-plot twist -- i-Powerwall 3 inalena eyakhelwe IN eshelela kakhulu. Awubophi izingcezu eziningi ndawonye.
Angizange ngihambe lo mzila ekuqaleni ngoba amabhethri ayebiza kakhulu ngo-2021. Njengo-$15k nje ngebhethri kanye nokufakwa. Bengivele ngikhipha imali kumaphaneli nama-microinverters ngakho-ke ngathi yebo cha asikweqe lokho okwamanje.
Ngokushesha phambili ngonyaka odlule (2024) futhi saba nalokhu kucima kukagesi ehlobo, futhi ngihlezi lapho namaphaneli elanga abiza u-$25k angakwazi ngempela ukugcina isiqandisi sami sisebenza ngoba{2}}azivala uma igridi yehla (into yokuphepha, ivimbela izisebenzi zesevisi ezicutha ugesi, ngiyayithola kodwa ngisacela), futhi kufanele ngicabange...
Namanje abakayidonsi inhlamvu. Lokho kufana nenye i-$12-15k futhi kufanele ngiqinisekise umkami ukuthi "kuyafaneleka" okuyinto edayiswa kanzima lapho amandla ephela izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka.
Izilinganiso Zamandla nokuthi Kungani Eyami Inganele (Mhlawumbe)
Kulungile ukuze ama-inverter anezilinganiso zamandla zikalwa ngama-watts noma ama-kilowatt. Udinga ukufanisa lokhu ku... kahle, nokuthi angakanani amandla ongawasebenzisa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Abangani bami be-string inverter ngokuvamile banama-inverter angu-5kW noma angu-6kW. Ukusethwa kwami kwe-microinverter ngobuchwepheshe kwenza isamba esingu-3.96kW (264W iphaneli ngayinye x amaphaneli angu-15) kodwa akufani neze ngoba...
Okubalulekile ukuthi: Ingakwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izinto zakho?
Ake sithi uyagijima:
Isiqandisi (700W siyasebenza, kodwa njengo-2000W lapho i-compressor iqala -- yebo leyo yinto)
I-Microwave (1200W)
Izibani (mhlawumbe i-100W uma usebenzisa ama-LED okufanele ube nawo)
I-TV + irutha + noma yini (300W)
Iyunithi ye-AC yewindi (1500W)
Lokho kungu-3800W okuqhubekayo uma yonke into isebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa lokho kuqaliswa kwefriji kukuyisa ku-5100W isekhondi.
Ngakho-ke udinga i-inverter engakwazi ukuphatha okungenani umthwalo oqhubekayo, futhi ngokufanelekile ine-headroom yalezo zivivinyo zokuqalisa. Ama-inverters amaningi ahloniphekile angakwazi ukuphatha ukuhlinzwa okungu-120-150% imizuzwana embalwa.
Ngifunde lokhu kabuhlungu - hhayi mina, kodwa umngane wami uTom. Uthole inverter eshibhile engu-3000W yokusetha i-solar ye-RV futhi wazibuza ukuthi kungani ilokhu ivaliwe ngenkathi eqhuba i-microwave. Kuvele ukuthi i-microwave yakhe idonse u-1200W kodwa isiguquli singenza kuphela u-3000W ngokuqhubekayo futhi sibe nokubamba okuhlinzayo. Isiqandisi sakhe kanye ne-microwave ndawonye kwadlula lokho engakwazi ukukuthwala. I-inverter engu-$300 phansi komsele, kwadingeka ithuthukele kuyunithi engu-4000W.
Igridi-Into Eboshiwe Engidide Ngayo Izinyanga Eziyisi-6
Iningi lendawo yokuhlala yelanga "igridi-iboshiwe" okusho ukuthi isiguquli sakho sivunyelaniswa negridi yokusetshenziswa. Basebenza ndawonye. Uma wenza amandla amaningi kunalawo owasebenzisayo, okweqile kuya kugridi (futhi kuye ngosizo lwakho, uthola amakhredithi). Uma udinga amandla amaningi kunalawo owenzayo, udonsa usuka kugridi.
Yilokhu enginakho. Isebenza kahle 99% yesikhathi.
Kodwa -- futhi lokhu kubalulekile -- ama-inverter aboshwe ngegridi AVALE lapho igridi yehla. Ngisho noma libalele futhi amaphaneli akho akhipha amandla. I-inverter ayiboni isignali yegridi bese ithi "nope, ngiphumile" bese ivala shaqa.
ANGINGAKUqondi lokhu ngesikhathi ngiqala ukuthola i-solar. Ngacabanga ukuthi amaphaneli elanga asho ukuthi ngizoba namandla ngesikhathi sokucisha ugesi. AKULUNGILE. Udinga isistimu yebhethri eneswishi yokudlulisa ekhethekile ukuze ugcine amandla ngesikhathi sokucima. Leyo yinto ehlukene ebiza imali eningi kakhulu.
Kukhona futhi-iziguquli zegridi ezivaliwe zamakhebhini nezinto ezingaxhumekile nhlobo, kodwa akusikho lokho abantu abaningi abakudingayo. Lezo ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngoba kufanele zizilawulele yonke into ngokwazo -- ukwenza imvamisa ye-AC engu-60Hz, i-voltage yokuphatha, njll. Ezixhunywe kugridi zivele zivumelanise nalokho osekuvele kukhona.
Ukusebenza kahle (AKA I-Nerd Specs Abantu Abaphikisana Ngayo)
Iziguquli azisebenzi kahle ngo-100%. Amanye amandla ayalahleka njengokushisa ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa. I-physics nje.
Ama-inverters amaningi amahle asebenza kahle ngo-96-97%. Abanye bathi u-98% (i-Enphase ithi u-97.6% owami).
Ingabe lokhu kunendaba? Ehhh... kinda?
Njengasephepheni, isiguquli esisebenzayo esingu-96% siqhathaniswa nesisebenza kahle esingu-98% -- kusistimu engu-10,000 kWh/ngonyaka lowo umehluko ongu-200 kWh. Ku-$0.15/kWh lokho kungu-$30/ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-25 lokho kungu-$750. Hhayi lutho, kodwa futhi hhayi i-deal-breaker.
Engicabanga ukuthi kubaluleke KAKHULU ukusebenza kahle ekulayisheni ingxenye. Amanye ama-inverter asebenza kahle kakhulu kumandla amakhulu kodwa abese ehla athande u-85% asebenza kahle uma udonsa kuphela u-10% wamandla alinganiselwe. Lokho kuhambisana kakhulu ngoba isikhathi esiningi awukhulisi uhlelo -- uyakhiqiza/usebenzisa amandla ayingxenye.
Kodwa iqiniso...angilahli ubuthongo ngalento. Uma ubheka ama-inverter ebangeni lama-95-98%, ulungile. Ungavumeli izihlakaniphi zenkundla yelanga zikutshele ngenye indlela (futhi ngikusho lokho njengomuntu oke waba yilo mdidi ephikisana ngalokhu ku-inthanethi ngo-2am).
Izindleko Zokufaka Azilokothi Zikucaphuna
Yilapho engishise khona kancane. Ukucaphuna kwe-inverter bekuyinto eyodwa. Izindleko zangempela zokugcina zazi... zihlukile.
Ingcaphuno yami yokufaka i-solar yathi:
Amaphaneli angu-15: $12,000
Ama-Microinverters: $4,280
Umsebenzi wokufaka: $3,500
Izimvume: $400
Ingqikithi: $20,180
Izindleko zangempela zokugcina: $24,680
Kungani? Ngoba:
Iphaneli yami kagesi ibidinga ukuthuthukiswa ($1,{1}} bekuyiphaneli ye-100A endala, edinga u-200A)
Kudingeka iphaneli-encane yamasekethe asekelayo "ngenkathi sisekhona" ($750)
Izindleko zokuhlolwa kwedolobha bezingaphezulu kunesilinganiso ($150 eyengeziwe)
Okunye ukugijima kwepayipi kugcine kuba kude kunalokho obekulindelwe ($300)
Izinto ze-misc ezingahleliwe ($400)
Angisho ukuthi bangikhohlisile -- okuningi kwalokhu kwakuyizinto ezisemthethweni ezivele ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Kodwa ngifisa sengathi othile ungitshele ukuthi ngenze ibhajethi engu-20% "yezinto ezivelayo."
Futhi -- futhi lokhu kungase kube indawo yami nje -- kodwa ukuthola izimvume kuthatha OKUPHAKADE. Njengamaviki angu-6. Ukufakwa ngokwako bekuyizinsuku ezi-2. Ukulinda ukugunyazwa kwedolobha kwakuyinyanga nengxenye. Hlela lokho.
Izinto Zewaranti (Eziyisicefe Kodwa Ezibalulekile Empeleni)
Ama-inverters ezintambo: ngokuvamile iwaranti yeminyaka eyi-10-12, ingadlulela eminyakeni engama-20-25 ngenkokhelo
Ama-Microinverters: Imvamisa iminyaka engama-25 ejwayelekile
Nansi into nokho -- iwaranti inhle kuphela njengenkampani eyisekelayo. Ngike ngabuka izinkampani ezintathu ze-inverter ziqothuka eminyakeni emi-5 edlule. Uma unewaranti evela enkampanini engasekho, halala, unepheshana elingenamsebenzi.
Namathela ngamagama amakhulu:
I-Enphase (ama-microinverters)
I-SolarEdge (ama-inverters ezintambo + izilungiseleli)
I-SMA (ama-inverters ezintambo)
I-Fronius (ama-inverters ezintambo)
I-generac (i-hybrid/inverters yebhethri)
Ingabe zikhona izinketho ezishibhile? Yebo. Ingabe kufanele uzifake engozini? bengingeke. Umakhelwane wami akatholanga{2}igama elithi Chinese inverter ukuze onge u-$600. Yashona ngonyaka wesi-3. Inkampani ayisekho. Ukhokhe u-$1,400 ukuze esikhundleni sayo ufake i-SolarEdge. Umnotho wamanga.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqapha zipholile ngempela
Ngisebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Enphase nsuku zonke. Njengoba ngishilo, umkami uhlekisa ngami ngalokhu, kodwa noma yini.
Ungabona:
Ukukhiqizwa kwephaneli ngayinye-ngesikhathi sangempela
Idatha yomlando ebuyela emuva eminyakeni
Imaphi amaphaneli angasebenzi kahle
Izexwayiso zezempilo zesistimu
Iwusizo ngempela. Njengenyanga edlule ngibone iphaneli engu-7 yehle yaya ku-60% yokukhishwa kwayo okujwayelekile. Kuvele ukuthi igatsha lesihlahla laliwele kuso ngesikhathi kunesiphepho. Ngaphandle kokuqapha ngingase ngingaboni amasonto.
I-data nerd kimi iyayithanda le nto. Nginamaspredishithi. Ngilandelela ukuhluka kwesizini. Ngiyazi ukuthi isistimu yami ikhiqiza u-1,247 kWh ngoJulayi ngokwesilinganiso kanye no-412 kWh ngoDisemba. Ngi... Ngingahle ngibe nenkinga.
Kodwa futhi isistimu YAKHO, uyikhokhele imali enhle, ungase ukwazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani.
Izinkinga Ezivamile Engike Ngabhekana Nazo / Ngizibonile
Ukuxhumana kwe-WiFi-- I-inverter yami ilahlekelwa uxhumano lwe-WiFi kanye ngenyanga. Kufanele ukusethe kabusha. Inkinga yomhlaba wokuqala kodwa ecasulayo. Ngifunde ukuphila nayo nje.
Izibuyekezo ze-Firmware-- I-Enphase iphusha izibuyekezo kwesinye isikhathi futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibopha okuthile. Kwenzeke kuzithunywa zami (ihabhu yezokuxhumana) kanye, kwadingeka ngikhiphe ubuchwepheshe ukuze buyisethe kabusha. Kwakumnandi lokho (kwakungemnandi).
Ukushisa ngokweqile-- Uma i-inverter yakho i elangeni eliqondile noma endaweni evalekile, izoshisa kakhulu futhi iphazamise noma ivale. Eyami isegaraji ehlala ipholile kodwa isiguquli sentambo somngane wami sisodongeni olubheke eningizimu futhi unezinkinga ehlobo. Banike umthunzi uma ukwazi.
Izinkinga zokunqamula igridi-- Kwesinye isikhathi i-inverter icabanga ukuthi ibona inkinga yegridi lapho ingekho bese iyavala. Kwenzeke kimi kabili eminyakeni emi-4. Ngokuvamile idinga ukusetha kabusha.
Izicefe zokuvala shaqa ngokushesha-- Ikhodi entsha idinga amamojula okuvala shaqa ngokushesha (ukuze izicishamlilo zingabulala isistimu yakho ngokushesha uma kudingeka). Lezi ngezinye izikhathi zibangela amanga. Ubuhlungu ekuxazululeni inkinga ngoba amakhodi amaphutha awacacile.
Akukho kulokhu ukuphela komhlaba, nje... izinto ezingokoqobo ezenzekayo.
Ngakho Ingabe Kuyafaneleka?
welula iminwe ngoba lokhu kuya kuba mude
Bheka, ngingu-$24,680 kule nto yelanga. Izikweletu zami zikagesi zisuke ku-$180/isilinganiso senyanga zaya emalini yokuxhuma engu-$15 nje kuphela. Ngakho ngonga cishe u-$165/ngenyanga=u-$1,980/ngonyaka.
Isikhathi sokukhokha: iminyaka eyi-12.5
Ngeza ibhethri cishe ngizogcina ngiyitholile: njenge-payback yeminyaka eyi-18-20.
Ngokwezimali? Kulungile. Akumangalisi. Angicebi ngalokhu. Kodwa eminyakeni eyi-10 lapho amanani kagesi womakhelwane bami ekhuphuke ngo-50% (kubonakala sengathi kungenzeka) futhi owami awenyukanga, kuzobukeka kungcono.
-izizathu okungezona zezimali ngijabula ngokuthi ngikwenzile:
Icala lezemvelo liyadalulwa
Ngizizwa kumnandi ukwenza amandla ami
Ithoyizi lobuchwepheshe elijabulisayo ongadlala ngalo (ukuqapha, ukwenza kahle, konke lokho)
Lapho igridi yehla futhi ekugcineni ngithola lelo bhethri... ukwaneliseka ngokukhohlakala
-izizathu okungezona zezimali engizisola ngazo ngezinye izikhathi:
Ubuhlanya obungcwele obubizayo
Akukhona njengokuthi "ukusetha futhi ukhohlwe" njengoba bengilindele
I-HOA yanginika usizi mayelana namaphaneli (sikulungisile kodwa namanje)
I-inverter ngokuqondile? Hamba nekhwalithi. Yilokho engikuthathayo okuyinhloko. Ungashibhile. Thola ukuqapha. Isayizi efanele. Futhi isabelomali esingaphezu kwalokho abakucaphunayo ngoba kukhona okuhlala kuvela.
Enye Into Engifisa Ukukwazi Ngayo Phambilini
O futhi uma Ugcina ngokuthola ibhethri phansi -- bhekai-ionic lithium ibhethriongakhetha kukho. Alula, ashaja ngokushesha, futhi awanazo izinkinga ezisetshenziswa amakhemistri amabhethri amadala anazo. Ngifisa sengathi othile ngabe usho lokho kimi ngaphambi kokuthi ngiqale ukubeka amanani esistimu{2}eyisipele ye-asidi njenge-caveman.
