Yini i-MPPT?

Nansi-ke into ehlekisayo eyenzeke ngoLwesibili olwedlule. Bengiphuza ikhofi no-Dave ovela ethimbeni lethu lokuthenga (uyazi, umfana ohlale ekhononda mayelana nezikhathi zokuhola abahlinzeki), futhi wangibuza: "Iyini yonke le nto ye-MPPT oqhubeka ngayo emihlanganweni ye-R&D?"

Umbuzo olungile, ngempela. Sijikijela la ma-akhronimi njenge-confetti emshadweni, kodwa abantu abaningi abangaphandle kwebhamuza lobunjiniyela abazi nhlobo ukuthi sikhuluma ngani.

I-MPPT imele i-Maximum Power Point Tracking. Futhi cha, naphezu kokuthi ezinye izincwajana zokuthengisa zenza kuzwakale kanjani, akusilo ibhokisi elimnyama elinomlingo elenza "amaphaneli akho elanga abe ngcono." Empeleni kuqonde ngqo uma usudlule igama elesabisayo.

Kulungile, ngakho thatha lokhu. Unephaneli yelanga ehlezi ophahleni lwakho. Kubonakala kulula ngokwanele - ukukhanya kwelanga kuyayishaya, ugesi uyaphuma, umsebenzi usuphelile. Ngaphandle akulula kangako, akunjalo?

Amaphaneli elanga ayaxaka. Abavele bakunike amandla angashintshi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzani ngawo. I-voltage ne-current ezikhiqizayo ziyashintsha ngokuya ngokuthi uxhuma muphi umthwalo kuzo, futhi nansi i-kicker: kunenhlanganisela EYODWA kuphela ye-voltage kanye neyamanje lapho uthola khona amandla amakhulu angakhona kulelo phaneli.

Lokhu sikubiza nge-Maximum Power Point, noma i-MPP. Igama elibambayo, ngiyazi.

Manje, leli phuzu lihambahamba njalo. Ifu lidlula phezulu? I-MPP ihamba. Izinga lokushisa liyashintsha? I-MPP ihamba. Iphaneli iba nothuli kancane? Ukuqagele, i-MPP iyanyakaza. Kufana nokuzama ukushaya ilitshe elinyakazayo ngenkathi uvale amehlo.

Yilokhu uSarah (umklami wethu wesistimu eholayo - owesifazane ohlakaniphile, ukunambitheka okubi kwekhofi) akuchaze kuklayenti ngenyanga edlule: "Zicabange uzama ukugcwalisa ibhakede ngamanzi, kodwa ukucindezela kompompi kuyaqhubeka nokushintsha, futhi udinga ukulungisa njalo ukuthi uvula ibanga elingakanani ukuze uthole izinga lokugeleza elingcono kakhulu." Ayiphelele, kodwa ilitholile iphuzu.

Ngaphambi kokuthi i-MPPT ibe indinganiso - sikhuluma maphakathi nawo-1990 lapha - ukufakwa okuningi kwe-solar kusebenzisa lokho esikubiza ngokuthi izilawuli ze-PWM. I-PWM imele i-Pulse Width Modulation, okuyindlela nje enhle yokuthi bavula futhi bavale ukuxhumana phakathi kwephaneli yakho nebhethri ngokushesha ukuze ulawule ukushaja.

Inkinga? Izilawuli ze-PWM ngokuyisisekelo zidonsa ugesi wephaneli yakho phansi ukuze zifane nomthamo webhethri lakho. Ngakho-ke uma unephaneli yelanga engu-36V nebhethri engu-12V, uvele... ulahla ingxenye enkulu yaleyo voltage. Kufana nokuthenga imoto yezemidlalo bese uyishayela ngegiya lokuqala kuphela. Impela, iyasebenza, kodwa liyini iphuzu elinegazi?

Empeleni ngisenayo enye yalezi zingxenye zasendulo ze-PWM ehlala egalaji lami kusukela kuphrojekthi esayenza emuva ngo-2009. Isisindo sephepha esihle manje.

MPPT

Isilawuli se-MPPT sihluke kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokuvele ulahle i-voltage yakho yephaneli yehle iye ezingeni lebhethri, isebenzisa i-DC-isiguquli se-DC (yicabange njengebhokisi legiya le-elekthronikhi) ukuze empeleni iguqule leyo voltheji ephezulu ibe yamanje kakhulu ku-voltage ephansi yebhethri.

Nansi i-physics bit, kodwa ngethembisa ukuyigcina ifushane: Amandla=I-Voltage × Yamanje. Ngakho-ke uma une-36V ku-3A kusuka kuphaneli yakho (108W), isilawuli se-MPPT singaguqula lokho kube cishe i-12V ku-9A (futhi i-108W, isuse okunye ukulahlekelwa). Uthola amandla AMANYE, ngendlela ehlukile ibhethri lakho elingayisebenzisa.

Kodwa linda, kukhona okwengeziwe! (Bengilokhu ngibuka ulwazi oluningi kakhulu)

Isilawuli se-MPPT asenzi nje lokhu kuguqulwa kanye futhi sikubize ngosuku. Ihlala ikala okuphumayo kwephaneli, ilungisa umthwalo ewulethayo kuphaneli, iyakala futhi, futhi ilokhu ilungisa ukuze ithole leyo ndawo emnandi - i-Maximum Power Point - lapho ikhipha amandla amaningi aphelele ngangokunokwenzeka kuphaneli yakho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Yenza lo mdanso izikhathi eziningi ngomzuzwana. Usuku lonke, nsuku zonke.

Manje kulapho okuthakasela khona, nalapho izinkampani ezinjengezethu zichitha isikhathi esiningi ziphikisana emihlanganweni yokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe.

Kunenqwaba yama-algorithms ahlukene okulandelela i-MPP:

I-Perturb and Observe (P&O)– Lena endala enokwethenjelwa. Isilawuli sigudluza indawo yokusebenza siye ohlangothini olulodwa, sihlole ukuthi amandla aye phezulu noma phansi, bese sigudluza futhi ngokufanelekile. Ilula, iyasebenza, kodwa ingazungeza i-MPP njengomuntu odakiwe ozama ukuthola imbobo kakhiye. Sisebenzisa lokhu ochungechungeni lwethu lwe-Model S-150 ngoba kufakazelwe futhi kushibhile ukukusebenzisa.

Ukuziphatha Okukhuphukayo- Inhle kakhulu ngokwezibalo, okuthiwa inembe kakhulu. Empeleni? Angikaze ngiyibone yenza kangcono kakhulu kune-P&O ezimeni zangempela-zezwe, ngaphandle kokuthi amaphepha emfundo afunani. Sihlole nhlangothi zombili-{4}}ezinhlangothini zombili izinyanga ezintathu ehlobo eledlule (Juni kuya ku-Agasti 2022), futhi umehluko ekuvunweni kwamandla ubungaphansi kuka-2%. Akufanelekile ukucutshungulwa okungaphezulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.

I-Fractional Open Circuit Voltage– Ithatha ukuqagela okusekelwe kugesi-evulekile yesekhethi yephaneli. Kuyashesha kodwa kunembe kancane. Amanye amayunithi amaShayina ashibhile asebenzisa lokhu, futhi ungabona - anele kodwa awalungile.

Bese usunazo zonke izindlela ezintsha ezinhle - amanethiwekhi emizwa, ingqondo engaqondakali, ukulawula imodi yokuslayida. Futhi bheka, nginesiqiniseko sokuthi banendawo yabo kumalebhu ocwaningo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-niche, kodwa ngo-95% wokufakwa? I-P&O iwenza kahle umsebenzi.

U-Tom ovela emnyangweni wethu wezokumaketha ulokhu esiphusha ukuthi sisebenzise i-"AI-MPPT powered" ye-buzz factor. Sihlala simtshela ukuthi amanethiwekhi e-neural awanawo umqondo kulolu hlelo lokusebenza futhi angavele engeze izindleko nobunzima ngaphandle kwenzuzo yangempela. Le ngxabano iqhubeke kusukela ngo-Okthoba. Thumela usizo.

MPPT

"Kodwa kungcono kangakanani?" – Wonke. Awushadile. Iklayenti. Umhlangano.

Kulungile, ngakho-ke nazi izinombolo zangempela ezivela ezivivinyweni zenkambu esazenza ngo-2022:

Ekufakeni kwethu eningizimu yeSpain (isifunda saseMálaga, uma ufuna ukwazi), sibonile:

I-MPPT vs PWM: 25-30% amandla amaningi avunwa ngokwesilinganiso

Ukuthuthuka okungcono kakhulu: 45% (lokhu bekungoDisemba lapho kufihlwe ingxenye)

Ukuthuthukiswa okubi kakhulu: 15% (maphakathi-sehlobo, izinsuku ezicwathile, lapho ngisho ne-PWM isebenza kahle kakhulu)

Ukuthuthukiswa kukhulu uma:

I-voltage yephaneli yakho iphezulu kakhulu kune-voltage yebhethri

Unokufiphaza ingxenye

Izinga lokushisa liyahlukahluka kakhulu

Unamaphaneli angafani kumalungu afanayo

Incane kakhulu uma yonke into ilungile – okuyinto engekho emhlabeni wangempela.

Ngeke ngikubhore ngomdwebo wesifunda ogcwele, kodwa nansi i-topology eyisisekelo:

Izilawuli eziningi ze-MPPT zisebenzisa isiguquli se-buck (isinyathelo-phansi), i-boost converter (isinyathelo-phezulu), noma i-buck-i-boost converter (ingenza kokubili) njengesiteji sazo samandla. Ngokuvamile sihamba ne-buck topology ngoba amaphaneli elanga amaningi angamandla kagesi aphezulu kunamabhethri awashajayo.

Isigaba sokulawula ngokuvamile sine:

I-microcontroller (sisebenzisa uchungechunge lwe-STM32 kulayini wethu weprimiyamu)

Izinzwa zamandla kagesi nezamanje

Izinzwa lokushisa (yephaneli, ibhethri, nesilawuli ngokwaso)

Uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzisi (isikrini se-LCD, i-Bluetooth, noma yini)

Yilokho ngempela. Umlingo uku-software - i-algorithm enquma ukuthi ilungiswa kanjani indawo yokusebenza.

I-Model X yethu-300 entsha esiyethula ngenyanga ezayo (isimemezelo esisemthethweni ku-SolarTech Expo e-Amsterdam ngo-March 8th – woza uzothi sawubona uma ukhona!) isebenzisa i-dual-core processor ukuze sikwazi ukuqalisa ukuqapha ukuphepha ngaphandle kwe-algorithm ye-MPPT. I-overkill encane? Kungenzeka. Kodwa ngemuva kwaleso sigameko lapho uphiko oluqhudelana naye luvutha amalangabi e-Australia ngonyaka odlule (ngeke asho amagama, kodwa mhlawumbe uzwile ngaso), asiwasebenzisi amathuba.

"I-MPPT ikunikeza amandla engeziwe kumaphaneli akho"- Cha. Iphaneli yakho ikhiqiza lokho elikukhiqizayo ngokusekelwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga. I-MPPT iqinisekisa nje ukuthi USEBENZISA wonke lawo mandla atholakalayo esikhundleni sokuwachitha.

"Awuyidingi i-MPPT enamasistimu amancane"– Udoti. Ngisho nesistimu encane iyazuza. Impela, ukuzuza amandla aphelele kuncane, kodwa amaphesenti-ahlakaniphile ayafana.

"I-MPPT ingeyegridi-izinhlelo zokubopha kuphela"– Futhi okungalungile. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekushajweni kwebhethri, okuyilapho sibona khona ukuthengisa kwethu okuningi.

"Zonke izilawuli ze-MPPT ziyafana"– Hhayi! Tshela ithimba lonjiniyela lokho. Sichitha izinyanga sithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphatha okushisayo, ukwethembeka. Kodwa ngizovuma, kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile, iyunithi yamaShayina engu-£50 kanye nesilawuli sethu esingu-£400 singasekubonakalaezifanayo. Ize ihluleke eshibhile ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, okungukuthi.

Bheka, kufanele ngikuthengise ngemikhiqizo yethu, kodwa mangikhulume iqiniso (ungamtsheli umphathi wami ukuthi ngishilo lokhu):

Uma unesistimu encane kakhulu (engaphansi kuka-50W), ikhebula elifushane eligijimayo, i-voltage yephaneli yakho ifana eduze ne-voltage yebhethri lakho, futhi usesabelomali esiqinile - i-PWM ingase ilunge. Uzoshiya amandla phezu kwetafula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lokho kuwukuhweba okwamukelekayo{2}}kuvaliwe.

Sibe nekhasimende ngonyaka odlule elifuna ukunika amandla isiteshi sesimo sezulu esincane kuphaneli ye-Scottish Highlands. 20W, ibhethri engu-12V, ibhajethi engu-£30. Ngincome isilawuli se-PWM esishibhile. Wathenga iyunithi yethu ye-MPPT noma kunjalo ngoba "wayefuna okungcono kakhulu." Ngokufanelekile, yimali yakhe, kepha i-ROI kuleso sinqumo cishe ayikaze.

Buyaphi lobu buchwepheshe? Nokho, sibona amathrendi ambalwa:

I-MPPT esabalalisiwe- Esikhundleni sesilawuli esisodwa esikhulu salo lonke uhlelo, izilungiseleli ezincane kuphaneli ngayinye. Kungcono ukwenza i-shading, kodwa yengeza izindleko nobunkimbinkimbi. Okwamanje sihlola lokhu kuphrojekthi yokuhlola e-Norway.

Ukuxhumana kwamafu- Wonke umuntu ufuna isilawuli sabo selanga sikhulume ne-smartphone yabo. Impela, kungani kungenjalo. Uhlelo lwethu lokusebenza empeleni luhloniphekile, ngisho noma ngisho mina ngokwami. Ungabona{3}}ukusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela, idatha yomlando, futhi izokwazisa uma kukhona okungalungile. Siphushe isibuyekezo ngeviki eledlule esilungisa isimo sebhethri-so-sokulinganisa ukushaja - besifunda cishe u-5% ngendlela enethemba elikhulu ngaphambilini.

Ama-algorithms angcono– Lokhu kuwukuthatheka kwami siqu. Bengisebenzela i-algorithm yokubikezela esebenzisa idatha yesibikezelo sezulu ukuze{1}}ilungise kusengaphambili amapharamitha okulandelela. Ingabe iyasebenza? Ngezinye izikhathi. Ingabe kuwufanele umzamo? Ijaji lisaphumile.

MPPT

Bewenza lokhu isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukwazi amaphutha ajwayelekile:

Isayizi efanele- Ungathengi isilawuli esingu-60A MPPT sephaneli ye-10A. Iyamosha. Ngokulinganayo, ungayithathi kancane ucabanga ukuthi uzokonga imali. Uzovele ulilimaze uma nakanjani wengeza amanye amaphaneli kamuva.

Kugcine kupholile– Lezi zinto zikhiqiza ukushisa. Ungawubeki ebhokisini elivaliwe lapho elangeni eliqondile. Yebo, abantu empeleni benza lokhu. Cha, angiqondi ukuthi kungani.

Inzwa yethempelesha yebhethri– Yisebenzise! I-voltage yokushaja kufanele inxephezeleke izinga lokushisa-. Izinga lokushisa legumbi namaphakathi neSahara kudinga ama-voltages ahlukene.

Ukulinganisa ikhebula– Sithola izingcingo eziningi kakhulu mayelana nezilawuli ezingasebenzi kahle, futhi cishe njalo amakhebuli amancane abangela ukwehla kwamandla kagesi. Sebenzisa isibali sokulinganisa ikhebula elinegazi kuwebhusayithi yethu.

Izilungiselelo zibalulekile– Amasethingi amisiwe ayalandela. Funda imanuwali (Ngiyazi, isiphakamiso esishaqisayo) futhi uyilungiselele uhlobo oluthile lwebhethri.

Ngakho, yini i-MPPT? Iwumshini wokufanisa we-elekthronikhi ohlakaniphile oqinisekisa ukuthi iphaneli yakho yelanga nebhethri kusebenzisana kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, ehlala elungisa izimo ezishintshayo ukuze akhiphe wonke ama-watt angaba khona ekusetheni kwakho.

Ingabe kuyafaneleka? Ngokufaka okuningi, ngokuphelele. Izindleko ezengeziwe zesilawuli se-MPPT phezu kwe-PWM zizikhokhela ngokwanda kokuvunwa kwamandla phakathi konyaka noma emibili.

Ingabe sichemile ngoba siyawadayisa? Impela. Kodwa futhi siyakholelwa kubo, ngaphandle kwalokho besingeke sichithe iminyaka eyi-15 edlule sicwenga ubuchwepheshe futhi sakhe ngokungangabazeki ezinye zezilawuli ezihamba phambili ze-MPPT emakethe. (Futhi yebo, ngiyazi yonke inkampani isho njalo, kodwa eyethu empeleni isho njalo. Ngilwe nami.)

Noma kunjalo, uma unemibuzo, yibeke kumazwana noma ungithumelele i-imeyili. Noma okungcono, ngibambe embukisweni wase-Amsterdam ngoMashi. Yimina engizophuza ikhofi eliningi futhi ngichaze i-MPPT kunoma ubani ozolalela.

Oh, kanye nepulaki esheshayo - bhanqa i-MPPT yakho nei-ionic lithium ibhethriuma ungakwazi. Isici sokushaja okusheshayo empeleni sivumela isilawuli ukuthi sisebenze kahle phakathi nezinsuku ezifushane zasebusika. Besihlola le combo kusukela ngonyaka odlule futhi izinzuzo ezisebenza kahle kufanele zishiwo ngokwethembeka.