Yini amabhethri e-Primary Lithium?

primary lithium batteries

Amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo angamaseli amandla-angaphinde ashajwe asebenzisa i-metallic lithium njenge-anode futhi awakwazi ukushajwa kabusha ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Lawa mabhethri-okusetshenziswa ngakunye ahlukile kumabhethri e-lithium{3}}e-ion aphinde ashajeka kukhemikhali yawo futhi adizayinelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuphila kweshelufu ende nokusebenza okuthembekile kubaluleke ngaphezu kokushajwa kabusha.

Igama elithi "ibhethri ye-lithium" lingabangela ukudideka ngoba lihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obubili obuhluke kakhulu. Amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo-abizwa nangokuthi i-lithium{2}}amabhethri ensimbi{3}}aqukethe i-lithium ehlanzekile yensimbi ku-anode futhi asebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene ze-cathode njenge-manganese dioxide, i-thionyl chloride, noma i-iron disulfide. Lapho kuxoxwayini ibhethri ye-lithiumngokuvamile, ubhekisela ezinhlotsheni eziyinhloko (-ezingashajwa) noma zesibili (i-lithium eshajwayo-i-ion).

Umehluko obalulekile usenqubo ye-electrochemical. Amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo abhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali okungenakulungiseka okuguqula amandla amakhemikhali abe amandla kagesi kanye kuphela. Uma sekuphelile, ama-reactants awakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha. Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion, ngokuphambene, anika amandla ukunyakaza kwe-ion okubuyisela emuva phakathi kwama-electrode ngokuhlangana, okuvumela amakhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni zemijikelezo yokushajwa.

Ngokombono ongokoqobo, lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium ayinhloko ahamba phambili{0}kumadivayisi akhipha amanzi aphansi{0}adinga iminyaka yokulungiswa{1}kukusebenza mahhala{2}}cabanga ngezitholi zentuthu, ama-CMOS chips, nezifakelo zezokwelapha. Amabhethri e-Lithium-amadivayisi asebenza ngogesi adinga ukushajwa njalo njengama-smartphone, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, nezimoto zikagesi.

Izinto ezihlukile ze-cathode zakha imindeni yebhethri ye-lithium eyinhloko, ngayinye ithuthukiselwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile kanye nezidingo zokusebenza.

Le khemistri imele uhlobo olusabalele kakhulu lwebhethri ye-lithium, evame ukutholakala kumaseli ohlamvu lwemali njenge-CR2032. Amabhethri e-Li-MnO₂ aletha amandla kagesi angu-3.0-3.3V anokuminyana kwamandla okungaba ngu-280Wh/kg. Abiza ngokwezomnotho futhi aphephile ukuthi asetshenziswe umphakathi, okuwenza afaneleke kubathengi bama-electronics, amawashi, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, nezinzwa zemigwaqo. Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lidlula -30℃kuya ku-60℃, nabakhiqizi ababika ukuthi ishalofu liphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 emazingeni okushisa azungezile.

Ukwengezwa okusha kakhulu kumndeni oyinhloko we-lithium, amabhethri e-Li-FeS₂ afana nokuphumayo okungu-1.5V kwamabhethri e-alkaline, okuwenza abe ukumiselela okuqondile kwamaseli e-alkaline e-AA kanye ne-AAA. Lawa mabhethri asebenza kahle kakhulu kunama-alkaline izikhathi ezingafika kweziyisithupha kuma-applications{3}okukhipha amanzi aphezulu njengamakhamera edijithali. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi ukusebenza okuphezulu-kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukumelana nokuvuza, kanye neminyaka engu-15-yempilo yeshelufu ngenxa yezilinganiso ezincane zokuzikhipha{9}}. Iseli ngalinye le-AA{10}}kasayizi we-Li-FeS₂ liqukethe cishe amagremu angu-0.98 we-lithium, ethinta imithetho yezokuthutha yokuthunyelwa kwenqwaba.

Amabhethri e-lithium-i-thionyl chloride akleliswa phakathi kwamakhemikhali e-lithium anamandla kakhulu, anamandla adlula u-500Wh/kg{2}cishe aphindwe kabili kunamabhethri e-lithium{3}}eshajekayo. Asebenzisa amandla kagesi angu-3.6V, lawa mabhethri amelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu ukusuka ku--76℃F kuya ku-185℃F, okuwenza abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezimboni njengokuqapha kukawoyela negesi, okokusebenza okumba okuvundlile, nemishini yezempi.

Ngo-2024, i-lithium{1}}thionyl chloride iphathe u-56.9% wesabelo semakethe yebhethri ye-lithium eyisisekelo, enenani elilinganiselwa ku-$1.2 billion eNyakatho Melika kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kukhawulela ukutholakala kwazo-azithengiswa kubathengi futhi azisetshenziswa kumadivayisi omthengi. Ikhemistri yabo enamandla idinga ukuphathwa ngochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kanye nabasebenzi abahlehlisiwe basebenzise imishini yezimboni, izinzwa zezokwelapha, kanye nezicelo zezempi.

Lawa mabhethri anikezela ngo-2.8V amandla kagesi kanye nokuminyana kwamandla afika ku-330Wh/kg, nebanga lokushisa elisebenzayo elingu--54℃kuya ku-71℃. Impilo yeshelufu ehlongozwayo ifinyelela eminyakeni engu-5-10 ekamelweni lokushisa. Yize kubiza ukukhiqiza futhi okwakuvame ukusetshenziswa kwezempi, amabhethri e-LiSO₂ aya ngokuya athathelwa indawo yikhemikhali ye-lithium-manganese dioxide ethuthuke kakhulu.

primary lithium batteries

Amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo anika amandla izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile lapho ukushajwa kabusha kungase kungasebenzi, kube yingozi, noma kungenasidingo.

Izimila zezokwelapha zimelela esinye sezicelo ezidingeka kakhulu zamabhethri e-lithium ayinhloko. Ama-pacemakers enhliziyo adinga amabhethri angasebenza ngokuthembekile iminyaka emi-5-10 kuyilapho edweba ama-microamperes angu-10-20 kuphela. Izinga eliphansi lokuzikhipha ngokwawo kanye nokukhishwayo kwamandla kagesi okubikezelwayo kwamaseli e-lithium ayinhloko kuwenza angaphinde athathelwe indawo kumadivayisi asekela ukuphila lapho ukushintshwa kwebhethri kudinga ukuhlinzwa.

Ngokusho kwedatha yemakethe ka-2024, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokunakekelwa kwempilo zathwebula cishe u-15% wemakethe yebhethri ye-lithium eyinhloko, eqhutshwa yimishini yezokwelapha ephathekayo ehlanganisa amathuluzi okuhlinza, amaphampu okufakelwa, kanye nemishini yokuxilonga. Ingxenye iyaqhubeka nokukhula njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obungenazintambo buthuthuka.

Ingxenye yamamitha yabamba ama-42.8% emakethe yebhethri ye-lithium eyisisekelo ngo-2024, okuyenza ibe yisigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke sohlelo lokusebenza. Ugesi ohlakaniphile, amamitha amanzi, negesi afakwe ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya afuna amabhethri anobude obukhethekile-ngokuvamile obungaphezu kweminyaka engu-10-kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa. Izinhlelo eziholwa nguhulumeni-zezinsiza, ikakhulukazi e-Asia naseYurophu, zasheshisa ukutholwa ngo-2024.

Amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo aqeda isidingo sokuvakashela ukushintshwa kwebhethri ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemitha, ehlisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesevisi. Ibanga lomthamo we-1000-2000 mAh liphethe lolu hlelo lokusebenza ngesabelo semakethe esingu-37.3% ngo-2024, okwenza kube nebhalansi elungile phakathi kwesitoreji samandla nosayizi ohlangene.

Ama-motherboards ekhompuyutha emhlabeni wonke athembele kuhlamvu-amabhethri e-lithium eyinhloko ukuze anakekele izilungiselelo ze-CMOS kanye{1}}namawashi esikhathi sangempela. Izilawuli ezikude, izinkinobho zokhiye kagesi, amakhamera edijithali, namathoyizi ezingane amele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe-eziphezulu zevolumu lapho ukungakwazi ukuphatha ukushajwa kudlula ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo kwamabhethri alahlwayo.

Ukushintshela ku-lithium eyinhloko kumadivayisi omthengi kusheshisiwe ngoba lawa mabhethri adlula ezinye izindlela ze-alkaline kuyilapho egcina ukuphuma kwamandla kagesi aphezulu, ezinzile kuwo wonke umjikelezo wawo wokukhipha. Ibhethri le-lithium AA lingaletha amandla isikhathi eside ngokuphindwe kasithupha kuneseli ye-alkaline kumadivayisi{1}}adonsa amanzi aphezulu.

Izinzwa zezimboni, izilandeleli zempahla, amasistimu okuvikela, namasistimu e-alamu angenantambo azuza kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yebhethri ye-lithium-ende yempilo ende yeshelufu-namazinga aphansi kakhulu-okukhipha{3}}ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-1% ngonyaka ekamelweni lokushisa. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezempi ezihlanganisa izimayini, amafuse, okokusebenza kokubona ebusuku, nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezikude zincike ekuthembekeni kwalawa mabhethri ezimeni zemvelo ezinzima.

Ingxenye yezokuvikela ibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo phakathi no-2024-2025, nokusetshenziswa kwezempi kwezikhali ezithuthukisiwe nezindiza ezigadwayo ezishayela isidingo semithombo yamandla engasindi,{2}}ephezulu amandla angakwazi ukuyithwala amasosha ngaphandle kokushintshwa njalo.

Amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo aletha izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezihlukile eziwenza athandeke kunezinye ezingashajwa kabusha ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa.

Ukuminyana kwamandla: Amabhethri e-lithium ayinhloko athola ukuminyana kwamandla asuka ku-280Wh/kg we-lithium-i-manganese dioxide ukuya ngaphezu kuka-500Wh/kg we-lithium{3}}thionyl chloride. Lokhu kudlula amabhethri amaningi ashajwa kabusha futhi kunika amandla amadizayini wedivayisi amancane, alula. Ukuminyana kwamandla wevolumu kungafinyelela ku-2,880 J/cm³, uma kuqhathaniswa no-1,200 J/cm³ kumabhethri e-alkaline.

Impilo Yeshelufu Nesitoreji: Ngamazinga okuzikhipha-angaphansi kuka-1% minyaka yonke kuthempelesha yegumbi, amabhethri e-lithium ayinhloko angagcinwa iminyaka engu-10-15 kuye ngekhemistri kuyilapho egcina iningi lomthamo wawo wangempela. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele okokusebenza kwezimo eziphuthumayo, izinhlelo zamandla eziyisipele, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamaphethini okusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Isitoreji emazingeni okushisa aphansi siye sandisa isikhathi seshalofu.

Ukuqina kwamandla kagesi: Ngokungafani namabhethri e-alkaline athola ukwehla kancane kancane kwamandla kagesi, amabhethri e-lithium ayinhloko agcina ukukhishwa kwamandla kagesi okungashintshi kuwo wonke umjikelezo wawo wokuphuma. Lokhu kuzinza kwe-voltage kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquguquki kwedivayisi kuze kube yilapho ibhethri lisondela ekuphelelweni ngokuphelele.

Izinga Lokushisa: Ibanga lokushisa elisebenzayo liyahlukahluka ngokwekhemistri kodwa ngokuvamile lifinyelela ukweqisa okubanzi kunezinye izindlela ezingashajwa kabusha. Amabhethri e-Lithium-i-thionyl chloride asebenza ukusuka -ku-76℃F kuya ku-185℃F, okuwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa kwe-Arctic nogwadule. Ngisho-amaseli e-lithium-manganese dioxide ebanga lomsebenzisi asebenza ngokuthembekile ukusuka ku--30℃kuya ku-60℃.

Inzuzo Yesisindo: Amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo anesisindo esingaphansi kakhulu-kunomthamo we-alkaline noma we-nickel{1}}amabhethri e-cadmium. Lokhu kwehliswa kwesisindo kufakazela ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu kumishini yezempi ephathekayo, amadivaysi aphathwayo, kanye nezicelo ze-aerospace lapho igremu ngalinye libalulekile.

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yebhethri ye-lithium ikhombise ukukhula okuqinile phakathi kuka-2024-2025, okuqhutshwa ukuthunyelwa kwengqalasizinda ehlakaniphile, ukusungulwa kwemishini yezokwelapha, nokwanda kwe-IoT.

Ukulinganisa kwemakethe kufinyelele ku- $27.35 billion ngo-2024, nokuqagela okukhombisa ukukhula ku- $54.35 billion ngo-2035 ngenani lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka lika-6.44%. INyakatho Melika ihole ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke ngesabelo semakethe esingama-45.8%, esilinganiselwa ku-$1.2 billion, siqhutshwa ugesi wabathengi, ukwamukelwa kwemishini yezokwelapha, kanye nezicelo zokuqapha izimboni.

Ububanzi bomthamo obungu-1000-2000 mAh bebulawula imakethe ngesabelo esingu-37.3% ngo-2024, kulinganisa izidingo zesitoreji samandla nezici zefomu elihlangene{4}}zesikhathi eside, sokugcinwa{8}kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhala. Ibanga lamandla kagesi elingu-0-3.6V lithathe u-54.7% wesabelo semakethe, sisebenza njengezinga lemishini eyonga amandla kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi.

I-Asia{{0}I-Pacific iqhamuke njengesifunda-esikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, i-China ne-India iqhubekisela phambili ukunwetshwa ngokufakwa kwamamitha ahlakaniphile, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zikagesi ezithengwayo, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda yedijithali. Imakethe yalesi sifunda kulindeleke ukuthi idlule ku- $ 15 billion ngo-2028 njengoba ukukhula kwedolobha kanye nokwamukelwa kwe-IoT kuyashesha.

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe igxile ekwandiseni ukuminyana kwamandla, ekwandiseni amazinga okushisa okusebenza, nasekuthuthukiseni izici zefomu ezacile zamadivayisi agqokekayo kanye ne-compact electronics. Ucwaningo lwamabhethri{1}}esimo esiqinile e-lithium nezinye izinto ze-cathode zithembisa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza eminyakeni ezayo.

primary lithium batteries

Nakuba amabhethri e-lithium ayinhloko ngokuvamile ehlinzeka ngokusebenza okuphephile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zabathengi, ikhemistri yawo idinga izimiso ezithile zokuphatha.

Imithetho yezokuthutha ihlukanisa amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo njengempahla eyingozi (UN 3090) kusukela ngo-2007. Ngo-2004, uMnyango Wezokuthutha wase-US kanye ne-Federal Aviation Administration yakhawulela ukuthunyelwa kwenqwaba ezindizeni zabagibeli, nakuba abahambi bengakwazi ukuthwala inani elilinganiselwe. Umgibeli ngamunye angase ahambise amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo aqukethe kufika ku-2 amagremu we-lithium-okulingana cishe namaseli angu-Li-osayizi ababili be-Li-FeS₂{8}}ngaphandle kokuvumela amasampula amabhethri angafika kwangu-12 ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo awakwazi ukushajwa kabusha. Ukuzama ukushajwa kabusha lawa mabhethri kudala izimo eziyingozi ezihlanganisa ukubaleka kokushisa, ukunqwabelana kwengcindezi, kanye nezingozi zomlilo ezingaba khona. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungenakuhlehliswa kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-metallic lithium kwenza imizamo yokushajwa ibe yingozi kakhulu, yingakho abakhiqizi balebula ngokucacile lawa mabhethri -njengangashajwa kabusha.

Amabhethri ezinkinobho zamaseli, kuyilapho emancane, adala izingozi zokungenisa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, abacwaningi babhala ukwanda okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-6.7 ezinkingeni ezimaphakathi noma ezinkulu ezivela ekufakweni kwebhethri yezinkinobho kanye nokunyuka okuphindwe ka-12.5 kwabashonile. Indlela yokulimala eyinhloko ihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-ion ye-hydroxide, okubangela ukusha kwamakhemikhali okukhulu ngisho nalapho isikhwama sebhethri sihlala sinjalo.

Amabhethri e-lithium{0}}yezimboni ze-thionyl chloride adinga amaphrothokholi angeziwe okuphepha ngenxa yekhemikhali yawo enamandla. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kuphela okufanele baphathe lawa mabhethri, futhi akumele neze asetshenziswe kumishini yabathengi. Ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwengcindezi evela esizukulwaneni segesi ye-hydrogen ngesikhathi sokuphuma.

Ukusetshenziswa okukodwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-okukodwa kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwemvelo, nakuba imithetho yokulahlwa kanye nezinqubo zokugaywa kabusha zihluka emhlabeni jikelele.

E-United States, amabhethri e-lithium iron disulfide angase alahlwe kudoti kamasipala ngamanani omthengi, njengoba awaqukethe izinto eziyingozi ezilawulwa uhulumeni. Kodwa-ke, amabhethri e-lithium amaningi ayisisekelo ahlukaniswa njengemfucuza eyingozi ngenxa yengozi yomlilo kanye nomthelela ongaba khona kwezemvelo. I-California ilawula ngokukhethekile izinkinobho zamaseli aqukethe i-perchlorate njengodoti oyingozi.

I-Environmental Protection Agency incoma ukuthi kuhlale kugaywa kabusha amabhethri e-lithium uma kungenzeka ngenxa yokutholakala kwe-lithium okulinganiselwe kanye nesidingo esikhulayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lithium emhlabeni wonke kufinyelele amathani angama-220,000 ngo-2024, okumelela ukukhula okungama-29% kusuka kumathani ayi-170,000 ka-2023. Lokhu kukhula kwesidingo, okuqhutshwa ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zebhethri manje ezibalelwa ku-87% wokusetshenziswa kwe-lithium, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokongiwa kwezinsiza.

Ingqalasizinda yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri yanwetshwa ngo-2024, nezinkampani zezimoto nezindawo zokugaywa kabusha ezisebenzisanayo ukuze kubuyiselwe izinto ezibalulekile. UMnyango Wezamandla wase-US umemezele uxhaso lwezigidi ezingama-dollar angu-44.8 kumaphrojekthi ayisishiyagalombili okuhloswe ngawo ukunciphisa izindleko zokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi ngo-Okthoba 2024, nakuba lolu hlelo luqondise ngokuyinhloko amabhethri angashajwa.

Ukulahlwa kwebhethri okuyisisekelo kudinga ukuqoqwa nokucutshungulwa okufanele ukuze kuvinjwe ukuvuza kwensimbi enobuthi{0}}okuhlanganisa i-potassium hydroxide, izinsimbi ezisindayo, nezinye izinhlanganisela{1}}ukuba zingangeni ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu nasezinhlelweni zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Omasipala abaningi bahlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokuqoqwa okukhethekile zokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bemvelo.

Cha. Amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo asebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungabuyiseleki emuva futhi awakwazi ukushajwa kabusha ngokuphephile. Ukuzama ukuwashajwa kabusha kudala izingozi ezimbi zomlilo neziqhumane ngenxa yokuphinda kusebenze insimbi ye-lithium kanye nokwanda komfutho. Amabhethri kuphela alebulwe ngokucacile ngokuthi "aphinde ashajwe," "Li-ion," noma "lithium-ion" okufanele ashajwe kabusha.

Impilo yeshelufu ngokuvamile isukela kwengu-10-iminyaka engu-15 kuye ngezimo zekhemistri nezimo zesitoreji, namazinga okuzikhipha angaphansi kuka-1% ngonyaka. Impilo yokusebenza iyahlukahluka ngohlelo-amabhethri e-pacemaker ahlala iminyaka engu-5-10, kuyilapho amadivayisi akhipha amanzi amaningi njengamakhamera edijithali angase aqede amabhethri phakathi namaviki okusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo.

Amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo enza kahle kakhulu kunamabhethri e-alkaline ngokuminyana kwamandla (kufika ngokuphindwe kasithupha ubude-kumadivayisi wokudonsa amanzi), ibanga lokushisa, impilo yeshelufu, nokuzinza kwe-voltage. Nokho, zibiza ngaphezulu ekuqaleni. Kumadivayisi{3}adonsa amanzi aphansi angasetshenziswa njalo, le phrimiyamu ivamise ukuthethelela impilo yesevisi enwetshiwe nokuthembeka.

I-CR2032 iyibhethri eyinhloko ye-lithium-ye-manganese dioxide ({2}}engenakushajwa) ephumayo engu-3V kanye nomthamo ongu-220mAh. I-LIR2032 ibhethri le-lithium{7}}elishajwayo futhi elinokukhipha okungu-3.6V kanye nomthamo ophansi ngokujwayelekile ongu-40-50mAh. Azishintsheki ngenxa yokuhluka kwamandla kagesi okungalimaza amadivayisi adizayinelwe ukusebenza kwe-3V.

Amabhethri e-lithium ayinhloko aqhubeka esebenza izindima ezibalulekile lapho inhlanganisela yawo eyingqayizivele yokuphila isikhathi eside, ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa okubanzi, nokusebenza kwamahhala-kudlula izinzuzo zokushajwa kabusha. Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwemakethe yomhlaba ngo-6.44% ngonyaka kuze kube ngu-2035 kukhombisa ukwanda kwezicelo kungqalasizinda ehlakaniphile, ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, kanye nokuqapha kwezimboni. Ukuqonda ukuthi lawa mabhethri amelela nini isixazululo samandla aphelele-ngokuqhathaniswa ne-lithium eshajwayo-nemizala ye-ion-kunika amandla ukukhetha okungcono kwedizayini yedivayisi nokusebenza kwesistimu okuthembeke kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenakubalwa.