Kuyini Ukupholisa Okusebenzayo?

Ukupholisa okusebenzayo kusebenzisa amasistimu emishini noma kagesi ukuze kususwe ukushisa kumadivayisi futhi kugcine amazinga okushisa esezingeni noma ngaphansi kwamazinga e-ambient. Ngokungafani nokupholisa okwenziwayo okuncike ekunqanyulweni kokushisa kwemvelo, ukupholisa okusebenzayo kudinga amandla angaphandle ukushayela izingxenye ezifana namafeni, amaphampu, noma imijikelezo yesiqandisi edlulisa ukushisa kude nezingxenye ezibalulekile.

Indlela Ukupholisa Okusebenzayo Okusebenza Ngayo

Amasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo asebenza ngokuphoqa ukunyakaza kwamandla ashisayo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezinamandla. Inqubo eyisisekelo ihlanganisa indawo yokupholisa-ngokuvamile umoya noma uketshezi{2}}ezungeza noma eduze nokushisa{3}}ekhiqiza izingxenye ukuze imunce amandla okushisa, bese iwakhiphela kwenye indawo.

Emasistimu{{0}asekelwe emoyeni, amafeni noma izifutha ziphusha umoya ezindaweni ezishisayo{1}}ezikhiqizayo, okwandisa ngokumangalisayo izinga lokudlulisa ukushisa okuguquguqukayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokugeleza komoya kwemvelo. Ukunyakaza komoya okuphoqelekile kunqamula isendlalelo somngcele esakheka ezindaweni ezishisayo, kuthwale ukushisa ngokuphumelelayo kunokuzulazula okukodwa.

Amasistimu okupholisa uketshezi afinyelela amazinga okudlulisa ashisayo aphezulu nakakhulu. Isipholile-imvamisa amanzi{2}}ingxube ye-glycol{3}}izungeza eziteshini noma kumapuleti abandayo axhumene nezinto ezishisayo. Umthamo wokushisa ophakeme woketshezi kanye nokusebenza kwawo kuyivumela ukuthi imunce amandla ashisayo amaningi ngeyunithi ngayinye kunomoya. Lesi sipholile sibe sesithuthela kusishintshi sokushisa lapho sidedela khona ukushisa okumuncele endaweni ezungezile.

Ukupholisa okusebenzayo okusekelwe esiqandisini{0}kuqhubekisela phambili lokhu ngokusebenzisa imijikelezo yokuminyanisa umhwamuko. I-compressor izungeza isiqandisi esimunca ukushisa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi nokucindezela, bese sikukhulula kumazinga okushisa aphezulu nokucindezela. Lokhu kuvumela amasistimu ukuthi alondoloze izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-ambient-into engenakwenzeka ngomoya noma ngokupholisa uketshezi kuphela.

Ukupholisa Okusebenzayo vs Ukupholisa Okungajwayelekile

Umehluko phakathi kwezikhungo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo nezingenzi lutho ekusebenziseni amandla namandla okudlulisa ukushisa. Ukupholisa kancane kusebenzisa izinqubo zemvelo kuphela-ukuqhuba, ukuguquguquka, kanye nemisebe{2}}ukuze kuqede ukushisa. Osinki okushisa, amaphedi ashisayo, nezakhiwo zokungenisa umoya konke kuwela kulesi sigaba. Awasebenzisi amandla kodwa ahlala elinganiselwe izinga lokushisa elizungezile; isistimu ye- passive ayikwazi ukupholisa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lendawo yayo.

Ukupholisa okusebenzayo kudela ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ekusebenzeni okushisayo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla okushayela izindlela zokupholisa, lawa masistimu azuza:

Ukususwa kokushisa okuphezulu:Ukupholisa uketshezi kungakwazi ukuphatha imithwalo eshisayo izikhathi ezingu-10-20 ezinkulu kunezixazululo ezifanayo zokungenzi lutho. Amarekhi esikhungo sedatha ayedinga u-5-10 kW irack ngayinye enopholisa umoya manje abamba u-50-150 kW anezinhlelo zokupholisa uketshezi.

Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile:Amasistimu asebenzayo agcina izingxenye ngaphakathi kwamabhendi okushisa amancane kungakhathaliseki izimo ze-ambient. Amasistimu okulawula ukushisa kwebhethri alawula izinga lokushisa lebhethri le-lithium iron phosphate libe phakathi kwamadigri angu-3-5 kuwo wonke amaphakethe, aqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanayo nokuphila isikhathi eside.

Ukupholisa{0}okungaphansi:Amasistimu{0}asekelwe esiqandisini ayizingxenye ezipholile ezifika ku-20-40℃ngaphansi kwe-ambient, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga izimo zokushisa ezithile.

Ukuhweba-kubandakanya ubunkimbinkimbi, izindleko, kanye nokudonsa amandla e-parasitic. Amasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo adinga amaphampu, amafeni, noma ama-compressor asebenzisa u-5-15% wamandla aphelele esistimu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Zidinga futhi ukunakekelwa, zengeze isisindo, futhi zethule amaphuzu angase ahluleke.

Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo Zokupholisa Ezisebenzayo

Ukupholisa Umoya Ngempoqo

Indlela evame kakhulu yokupholisa esebenzayo isebenzisa abalandeli ukuzungeza umoya. Amamotho kagesi ajikeleza ama-blades ngesivinini esisukela ku-500-5,000 RPM, akhiqiza ukugeleza komoya okukalwa ngama-cubic feet ngomzuzu (CFM). Amasistimu wekhompiyutha, amathuluzi ezokuxhumana, nezinto zikagesi ezincane zithembele kakhulu kule ndlela.

Amasistimu asekelwe kubalandeli{0}asebenza kahle ekulayisheni ukushisa okumaphakathi okungafika kuma-watts angu-100-200 ngengxenye ngayinye. Ngale kwalokhu, amandla okushisa komoya aphansi anciphisa ukusebenza kahle. Ifeni yekhompyutha engu-120mm evamile inyakaza cishe ku-50-80 CFM, iphethe cishe amawathi okushisa angama-80-120 ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa elingu-15 degree.

Ukupholisa Uketshezi

Amanzi noma izinto zokupholisa eziyisipesheli ezigeleza kumapuleti okupholisa noma amashaneli zinikeza ukuphathwa okushisayo okuthuthuke kakhulu. Uketshezi luthinta izindawo ezishisayo ngokuqondile noma ngokusebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo ezishisayo ezincanyana, ezimunca ukushisa njengoba lugeleza. Iphampu-ihambisa lolu ketshezi olushisayo kumaradiyetha noma izishintshi zokushisa lapho abalandeli bechitha amandla ashisayo aqoqiwe.

Amasistimu wokupholisa uketshezi wesimanje ezikhungweni zedatha aphatha kufika ku-300 kW irekhi ngayinye{1}}izikhathi eziphindwe kasithupha kunalokho okufezwa ukupholiswa komoya. Izimoto zikagesi zisebenzisa i-liquid thermal management kakhulu, ngamaphampu azungeza i-coolant engamalitha ayi-10-20 ngomzuzu ngamapuleti okupholisa ephakethe lebhethri.

Ngqo-ku--Chip Cooling

Ukuqaliswa okuthuthukisiwe kubeka izixazululo zokupholisa ekuxhumaneni okuseduze nemithombo yokushisa. Amapuleti abandayo anama-microchannels agibela ngqo kuma-processor noma ama-electronics kagesi, nesipholile esigeleza ngamamilimitha nje ukusuka ekushiseni{1}}ekhiqiza i-silicon. Lokhu kuqeda ukumelana nesixhumi esibonakalayo esishisayo, ukuthola ukuhlangana-kuya{4}}nokumelana nokushisa okushisayo ngaphansi kuka-0.1℃/W.

I-NVIDIA H200 GPUs ekhiqiza imithwalo eshisayo engu-700W idinga ukupholisa uketshezi okuqondile ukuze kugcinwe amazinga okushisa okusebenza aphephile. Ukupholisa komoya kungadinga osinki abakhulu ngokungenakusebenziseka namafeni, kudle isikhala namandla amaningi.

Ukucwiliswa Ukupholisa

Ukupholisa okunamandla kakhulu kucwilisa wonke ama-electronic assemblies oketshezini lwe-dielectric. Lezi ziphuzo eziyisipesheli zinamandla okushisa aphezulu kanye ne-conductivity kagesi ephansi, okuvumela ukuthintana okuqondile namasekhethi anamandla. Ukucwiliswa kwesigaba -okukodwa kugcina izingxenye zipholile, kuyilapho amasistimu{3}}ezigaba ezimbili ethuthukisa uguquko lwesigaba ukuze kube namazinga aphezulu okususa ukushisa.

Imisebenzi yezimayini ze-Bitcoin kanye namaqoqo ekhompuyutha asebenza kakhulu{0}}aya ngokuya asebenzisa ukupholisa emanzini ukuze alawule ukuminyana kokushisa okungaphezu kuka-100 kW irack ngayinye kuyilapho kunciphisa amandla okupholisa esikhungweni ngo-40-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nesiphephetha-moya segumbi lekhompyutha.

Ukupholisa Okusebenzayo Ekulawuleni Okushisayo Kwebhethri

Ibhethri ye-lithium iron phosphateamasistimu ancike ekupholiseni okusebenzayo ukugcina izinga lokushisa elilungile lokusebenza phakathi kwama-20-45 degrees. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwebhethri, ukuphepha, kanye neminyaka yokuphila ngezindlela amasistimu angenzi lutho angakwazi ukubhekana nazo ngokwanele.

Amaseli ebhethri akhiqiza ukushisa ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha. Emazingeni okukhishwa kwe-1C, izinga lokushisa lingakhuphuka ngo-10℃ngaphezu kwe-ambient ngaphandle kokuphathwa okushisayo. Ngamazinga e-3C-avamile ekusheshisweni kwemoto kagesi noma ekushajweni okusheshayo-amazinga okushisa adlula ngokushesha ama-degree angu-60 , angena ezindaweni eziyingozi ezishisayo. Ukupholisa okusebenzayo kuvimbela lokhu kukhuphuka.

Kungani Amabhethri e-Lithium Iron Phosphate Adinga Ukupholisa Okusebenzayo

Ikhemistri ye-LiFePO4 inikeza ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amakhemikhali e-lithium{1}}ion, kodwa isadinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwezinga lokushisa. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezenza ukupholisa okusebenzayo kubaluleke kakhulu:

Ukulondolozwa kwamandla:Ukusebenzisa ibhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate ngokuqhubekayo ngaphezu kwamadigri angu-45 kunciphisa umthamo osebenzisekayo ngo-20-30% ngaphezu kwemijikelezo engu-500. Ukupholisa okusebenzayo kugcina indawo emnandi engu-25-35℃lapho ukuminyana kwamandla kuphakama khona.

Isandiso sempilo yomjikelezo:Ukonakaliswa kwebhethri kusheshisa kakhulu ngezinga lokushisa. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi njalo ukukhuphuka kwamadigri ayi-10 ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elilungile kunciphisa impilo yomjikelezo olindelekile. Ibhethri elilinganiselwe imijikelezo engu-3,000 ku-25℃lingase lilethe imijikelezo engu-1,500 kuphela ku-35℃kanye nemijikelezo engu-750 nje engama-45 degree.

Amandla wokushaja ngokushesha:Izimoto zikagesi zesimanje zikhomba ukushajwa okungu-10-80% emizuzwini eyi-15-20, ezikhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu. Ngaphandle kokupholisa okusebenzayo, amazinga okushisa eseli akhuphuka ngaphezu kwemikhawulo ephephile, okuphoqelela ukwehliswa kwezinga lokushaja. Ukuphatha okushisayo okusebenzayo kuvumela ukushaja okuphezulu kwamanje okuqhubekayo ngokususa ukushisa okukhiqizwayo.

Ukufana kwezinga lokushisa:Amaphakethe ebhethri amakhulu anamaseli 50-100+ athola ukushisa okungalingani. Amaseli aphakathi nendawo yephekhi ukushisa ngaphezu kwamaseli onqenqema. Le gradient yezinga lokushisa idala ukungalingani kokusebenza, namaseli ashisayo ehla ngokushesha futhi alethe i-voltage engahambisani. Ukupholisa okusebenzayo ngokugeleza koketshezi oluphoqelekile kusabalalisa amazinga okushisa ngokulinganayo, okugcina iseli-ku-ukuhlukahluka kweseli ngaphansi kuka-5℃.

Ukusetshenziswa Kumaphakethe Ebhethri E-EV

Abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi basebenzisa izakhiwo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. I-Tesla, i-BMW i-series, ne-Chevrolet Bolt zonke zisebenzisa amasistimu okupholisa amanzi analezi zingxenye:

A ipuleti lokupholisa ibhethriihlala phakathi kwezingqimba zamaseli, namashaneli enyoka aphethe into epholile. Izinto zokusebenzelana ezishisayo ziqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle phakathi kwamaseli namapuleti.

Ugesiiphampu epholileizungeza i-glycol-ingxube yamanzi ngo-10-amalitha angu-20 ngomzuzu ephaketheni. Ukusebenza kwesivinini esiguqukayo kulungisa ukugeleza ngokusekelwe kumthwalo oshisayo.

A i-chiller noma isishintshi sokushisaikhipha ukushisa okuqoqiwe. Ezimweni ezimaphakathi, i-radiator yanele. Ngesikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo noma amazinga okushisa e-ambient ngokwedlulele, isistimu yesiqandisi ipholisa uketshezi olujikelezayo ngaphansi kwe-ambient.

A uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethriiqapha amazinga okushisa eseli ngayinye ngezinzwa ezishumekiwe, ilawula isivinini sepompo namandla okupholisa-ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma noma iyiphi iseli idlula amadigri angu-40 , isistimu inyusa umthamo wokupholisa noma inciphisa ukuphuma kwamandla.

Idatha yasensimini evela kulawa masistimu ibonisa ukupholisa okusebenzayo kugcina amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium iron phosphate ngaphakathi kwedigri engu-±3 kuwo wonke amaseli phakathi namazinga okukhipha angu-3C, uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhluka okungu-±15℃nokupholisa okwenziwayo kuphela.

Amamethrikhi Okusebenza Okupholisa

Amasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo ezinhlelweni zebhethri azuza ukuthuthuka okulinganisekayo:

Ukwehliswa kwezinga lokushisa:Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukupholisa komoya okusebenzayo kunciphisa izinga lokushisa lephekhi yebhethri ngo-6℃uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ambient, kuyilapho ukupholisa uketshezi kufinyelela ukuncipha okungu-10-ku-15 degrees ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwezinga eliphezulu.

Amandla okushintsha ukushisa:Ukupholisa okwenziwayo kusingatha cishe u-50-100 W/m² ukusuka ezindaweni zebhethri. Ukupholisa komoya okusebenzayo kunweba lokhu ku-500-1,000 W/m², kuyilapho ukupholisa uketshezi kufinyelela ku-5,000-10,000 W/m²-a 50-100x ukuthuthukiswa.

Isikhathi sokuphendula:Lapho imithwalo eshisayo ikhuphuka ngesikhathi sokusheshisa okusheshayo, amasistimu asebenzayo aphendula phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-10-30, avimbele ukushisa ngokweqile. Amasistimu angashintshiwe adinga amaminithi angu-3-5 ukuze afinyelele ukulingana, okuvumela uhambo oluyingozi lokushisa.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphezu kwamabhethri

Ukupholisa Isikhungo Sedatha

Imakethe yokupholisa isikhungo sedatha ifinyelele ku-$15.9 billion ngo-2024 namaphrojekthi afinyelela ku-$34.5 billion ngo-2029, akhula ngo-13.5% ngonyaka. Lokhu kwandiswa kusukela ku-AI kanye{6}}nezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza zekhompuyutha ezikhiqiza imithwalo yokushisa engakaze ibonwe.

I-air conditioning yendabuko{{0}esekelwe egunjini lekhompyutha isebenzise u-30-40% wawo wonke amandla esikhungo. Ukupholisa uketshezi olusebenzayo kwehlisa lokhu ku-10-}ku-15%, konga ama-megawatts ekufakweni okukhulu. Amasistimu e-Direct-to-chip aqondise amaphrosesa athile abonisa izinzuzo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Abahlinzeki bamafu abakhulu batshala imali eningi kungqalasizinda yokupholisa uketshezi. Ngo-2024, i-Digital Realty yafaka ukupholisa uketshezi okuqondile kuzo zonke izikhungo zedatha eziyi-170 emhlabeni jikelele. I-Microsoft ne-Google baphishekela ukupholiswa kokucwiliswa kwamaqoqo okuqeqeshwa kwe-AI, lapho ukuminyana kwekhompyutha kufinyelela ku-150-300 kW irekhi ngayinye.

Ukukhiqiza Kwezogesi

Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezikhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu kwendawo zidinga ukuphathwa okushisayo okusebenzayo. Izinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor zisebenzisa izihibe zamanzi ezibandisiwe ezinembayo ezigcina ukuzinza okungu-±0.5 degree. Amasistimu okusika nge-laser nokushisela asebenzisa{3}}ukugeleza kokupholisa okugeleza okuphezulu asusa ama-kilowatt wamandla ashisayo ezindaweni ezincane okugxilwe kuzo.

Ukuphrinta kwe-3D ngezinsimbi kukhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu okuthinta ingxenye yekhwalithi nokunemba kobukhulu. Ukupholisa okuseduze{2}}kokucwiliswa okusebenzayo kuzungeze indawo yokwakha enoketshezi olujikelezayo kumazinga okushisa alawulwayo, okunika amandla izici ezibonakalayo ezingaguquki kuwo wonke amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi.

I-High-I-Computing yokusebenza

Amakhompiyutha amakhulu apakisha amandla amakhulu okuhlanganisa esikhaleni esilinganiselwe, adala ukuminyana okushisayo okuhlula ukupholisa okwenziwayo. Amakhompuyutha amakhulu ashesha kakhulu emhlabeni asebenzisa ukupholisa uketshezi cishe ngokukhethekile, okupholile okugeleza ngaphakathi kwamamilimitha okusebenza kuyafa.

I-Frontier, ikhompuyutha yokuqala eyi-exscale emhlabeni, isebenzisa ukupholisa uketshezi okuqondile kuwo wonke ama-node ekhompyutha. Lolu hlelo luphethe ama-29,000 AMD EPYC processors kanye nama-58,000 AMD Instinct GPUs, ngayinye ikhiqiza u-500-700W. Ukupholisa komoya kwendabuko kuzodinga isakhiwo esiwusayizi ophindwe kabili kanye namandla aphindwe kathathu kubalandeli kuphela.

Ingqalasizinda Yezokuxhumana

Iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G namanodi ekhompuyutha onqenqemeni kumanethiwekhi weselula akhiqiza ukushisa kumazinga okushisa{1}}ezindawo ezivaliwe zangaphandle ezilawulwayo. Amasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo anezishintshi zokushisa nesiqandisi agcina okokusebenza ngaphakathi -40℃kuya ku-+55 degrees obubanzi bokusebenza kuzo zonke izimo zezulu ezihlukene.

Ukufakwa kwesilawuli kude ogwadule, ezifundeni ze-arctic, nasezindaweni ezishisayo konke kuncike ekuphathweni okusebenzayo kokushisa. Lawa masistimu asebenzisa u-15-25% wawo wonke amandla esayithi kodwa anika amandla ukusebenza okuthembekile lapho izimo ze-ambient zingadala ukwehluleka.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwedizayini Yesistimu

Ukupholisa okusebenzayo okusebenzayo kudinga ubunjiniyela obucophelelayo kuwo wonke amapharamitha amaningi:

Isici somthwalo oshisayo:Onjiniyela kufanele balinganise amazinga okukhiqiza ukushisa kuzo zonke izimo zokusebenza. Imithwalo ephakeme kakhulu phakathi nomkhawulo wokukhipha amandla ihluke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuzinzile-kwesimo. Idizayini kufanele ihambisane zombili izimo kanye nama-spikes adlulayo.

Ukukhetha kokupholisa:Amanzi-ingxube ye-glycol ilawula izindleko nokusebenza, kodwa uketshezi olukhethekile lunikeza izidingo ezithile. Uketshezi lwe-Dielectric luvumela ukupholisa kokucwiliswa. Amafutha anama-viscosity alungiselelwe ama-microchannel athuthuka ngqo-ku{4}}kumasistimu we-chip. Iziqandisi ezisesigabeni-zokushintsha izinhlelo kufanele zilinganisele izakhiwo ezishisayo nemithetho yemvelo.

Amandla okugeleza:Ukugeleza kwesiyaluyalu kuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kokushisa kodwa kwandisa izidingo zamandla epompo. Ukugeleza kwe-Laminar kunciphisa ukwehla kwengcindezi kodwa kunciphisa ukusebenza okushisayo. Amadizayini alungile abhalansisa lezi{2}}zohwebo ngokusebenzisa i-geometry yesiteshi ngokucophelela nokukhetha izinga lokugeleza.

I-redundancy nokuthembeka:Amasistimu asebenzayo ethula izindlela zokuhluleka. Ukwehluleka kwephampu, ukuvuza, noma amaphaseji avalekile kubangela izehlakalo ezishisayo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zifaka izindlela zokupholisa ezingasasebenzi, ukutholwa kokuvuza, amavalvu okuvala ngokuzenzakalelayo, kanye nezindlela ezihlulekayo{2}}ezinciphisa ukuphuma kwamandla lapho ukupholisa kwehla.

Amandla aphezulu:Nakuba ukupholisa okusebenzayo kuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwe-thermal, kusebenzisa amandla. Amaphampu-asebenza kahle kakhulu,{2}}amadrayivu esivinini aguquguqukayo, kanye nama-algorithms okulawula okuhlakaniphile anciphisa ukulahleka kwe-parasitic. -Amasistimu okupholisa uketshezi aklanywe kahle afinyelela ukupholisa-kuya{6}}kuzilinganiso zamandla angu-0.08-0.12, okusho ukuthi asebenzisa u-8-12% wamandla ashisayo awasusayo.

Izindleko-Ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo

Amasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo abiza izikhathi ezingu-2-5x ngaphezu kwezixazululo ezingenzi lutho ekuqaleni. Isinki esishisayo singabiza u-$20-50, kuyilapho isistimu yokupholisa uketshezi efanayo isukela ku-$100-300. Le phrimiyamu ivela kumaphampu, izishintshisi zokushisa, okokupholisa, amashubhu, nokulawula izinto zikagesi.

Nokho, izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi ngokuvamile zivuna ukupholisa okusebenzayo:

Ubude bengxenye:Ukugcina amazinga okushisa afanele kwandisa impilo yemishini ngama-30-50%. Iphakethe lebhethri elingu-$100,000 elihlala imijikelezo engu-3,000 ngokupholisa okusebenzayo ngokumelene nemijikelezo engu-1,500 ngaphandle kokuletha inani elingcono kakhulu ngaphandle kwezindleko zesistimu yokupholisa engu-$5,000.

I-headroom yokusebenza:Ukupholisa okusebenzayo kunika amandla ukucaciswa kokusebenza okuphezulu. Amaphrosesa angakwazi ukugcina amawashi e-boost isikhathi eside, amabhethri ashaja ngokushesha, futhi ama-rack center edatha aphatha izilungiselelo zeseva eziminyene. Leli khono elikhulayo lidala imali engenayo noma inzuzo yokuncintisana edlula izindleko zokupholisa.

Ukusebenza kahle kwesikhala:Ukusebenza okushisayo okuphezulu ngevolumu yeyunithi kuvumela imiklamo eminingi ehlangene. Izikhungo zedatha zithola ukuminyana kwekhompyutha okungu-5-10x okukhulu ngokupholisa uketshezi, zinciphisa izindleko zesikhungo ngeyunithi yekhompuyutha ngayinye naphezu kwezindleko eziphezulu zokupholisa.

Izindleko zamandla:Nakuba ukupholisa okusebenzayo kudla amandla, amasistimu esimanje ngokuvamile anciphisa ingqikithi yamandla esikhungo. Izikhungo zedatha zibika u-25-40% wesikhungo-ukunciphisa izinga lamandla uma usuka emoyeni-kumayunithi we-CRAC asuselwa emoyeni ukuya ekupholiseni uketshezi, njengoba ukuqeda isimo somoya esilinganisweni sokwakha konga amandla amaningi kunalawo asetshenziswa amaphampu.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Nokuthrendayo

Ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa obusebenzayo buyaqhubeka buthuthukela ekusebenzeni kahle okukhulu nekhono:

Ukusebenza-okuguquguqukayo:Amasistimu amadala asebenzisa amaphampu namafeni ngesivinini esingaguquki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakanani umthwalo oshisayo. Izilawuli zesimanje zilungisa isivinini ngendlela eguquguqukayo, zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-30-50% phakathi nokulayisha okukhanyayo kuyilapho zigcina ukusebenza okushisayo ngesikhathi seziqongo.

Ukuphathwa kokushisa okubikezelayo:Ama-algorithms okufunda komshini ahlaziya amaphethini okushisa futhi abikezele imithwalo yesikhathi esizayo. Amasistimu okuphatha ibhethri angaphambi{1}}amaphakethe apholile ngaphambi kwamaseshini wokushaja alindelwe ngokushesha{2}. Izilawuli zesikhungo sedatha zilindele izici ezishisayo zemisebenzi nezinsiza zokupholisa zasesiteji ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukubuyiselwa kokushisa kukadoti:Kunokuba uvele wenqabe ukushisa okuthwebuliwe ku-ambient, amasistimu aya ngokuya ekusebenzisa kabusha. Izikhungo zedatha zihambisa ukushisa kukadoti kumasistimu okushisa ebhilidi noma izinqubo zezimboni. Okunye okusetshenziswayo kukhiqiza izinzuzo zamandla onke lapho inani lokushisa likadoti lidlula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okupholisa.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Microchannel:Amaphaseji okupholisa anamadayamitha asebenza ngogesi ngaphansi kuka-1mm athuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ama-coefficients okudlulisa ukushisa. Lezi zakhiwo zithola ukusebenza okushisayo kusondela emikhawulweni yetiyori kuyilapho zidinga ukugeleza kokupholisa okuncane. Izinselelo zifaka phakathi ubunkimbinkimbi bokukhiqiza kanye nokuba sengozini yokonakala.

Ukupholisa{0}izigaba ezimbili:Ukushintsha kwesigaba sesistimu kusuka kuketshezi kuya kumusi kususa ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu ngeyunithi ngayinye-kumasistimu esigaba esisodwa. Intuthuko yakamuva ekulawuleni ukubilisa okugelezayo inika amandla-ukusebenza kwezigaba ezimbili ezinzile kumajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, okuvula amathuba amasha okusebenza-okuphezulu{4}}kokushisa{5}}okuguquguqukayo.

Izinselelo Ezivamile Zokusebenzisa

Izinhlangano ezithumela ukupholisa okusebenzayo zihlangabezana nezithiyo ezimbalwa eziphindelelayo:

Ukuphathwa kobunzima:Amasistimu asebenzayo afaka amasistimu angaphansi amaningi okumele asebenze ndawonye ngokwethembeka. Ukwehluleka kwephampu, ukukhiya komoya, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinzwa, noma iziphazamisi zesofthiwe zingafaka engozini ukuphathwa kokushisa. Idizayini eqinile idinga ukuphindiselwa emuva, ukugadwa, kanye nokwehluleka{2}}kumamodi aphephile.

Izidingo zokunakekela:Ukupholisa kancane kudinga ukususwa kwezintuli ngezikhathi ezithile. Amasistimu asebenzayo adinga izinguquko eziwuketshezi, ukushintshwa kwezihlungi, ukusevisa iphampu, nokuhlola ukuvuza. Abaphathi bezindawo kufanele bahlele lo mthwalo oqhubekayo wokusebenza kanye nezindleko ezihambisanayo.

Usayizi wokuqala:Amasistimu okupholisa amancane abangela ukufuthelana okushisayo noma ukwehluleka. Amasistimu amakhulu amosha imali namandla. Ukumodela okushisayo okunembile phakathi nezigaba zokuklama kuvimbela kokubili ukweqisa, kodwa kudinga ubuchwepheshe kanye nokucaciswa kwengxenye enemininingwane.

Ukuvuza koketshezi:Noma iyiphi isistimu yokupholisa uketshezi ibeka engcupheni ukuvuza eduze nezinto zikagesi ezibucayi. Nakuba uketshezi lwe-dielectric lunciphisa izingozi zikagesi, ngisho{1}}nezinhlelo ezisekelwe emanzini zingavikeleka ngobunjiniyela obufanele{2}}ngamashaneli avaliwe, izitholi ezivuzayo, ukuvala okuzenzakalelayo, nezindlela zokudonsa amanzi eziqondisa ukuvuza kude nezingxenye ezibalulekile.

Imikhawulo yokuhlanganisa:Ukubuyisela kabusha ukupholisa okusebenzayo kumiklamo ekhona ngokuvamile kubonakala kunzima. Ukulinganiselwa kwesikhala, umthamo wokuphakelwa kukagesi, nezingqinamba zokukhuphuka kungase kuvimbele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuklama kabusha okubalulekile. Ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha kufanele kucabangele izakhiwo ezishisayo kusukela ezigabeni zokuqala.

Ukukhetha Phakathi Kokupholisa Okusebenzayo Nokungaguquki

Izinto ezimbalwa zinquma ukuthi ingabe ukupholisa okusebenzayo kuqinisekisa ubunkimbinkimbi bakho obungeziwe:

Khetha ukupholisa okwenziwayo lapho:

Imithwalo yokushisa ihlala ingaphansi kuka-50-100W

Izinga lokushisa le-ambient lihlala lingaphansi kwezilinganiso eziphezulu zengxenye

Izithiyo zesikhala zincane

Ukuthembeka nokugcinwa{0}kumsebenzi wamahhala kubaluleke kakhulu

Isabelomali sicindezelwe kakhulu

Khetha ukupholisa okusebenzayo uma:

Imithwalo yokushisa idlula i-100W noma idale ukuminyana okuphezulu kokushisa

Izinga lokushisa le-ambient liyasondela noma lidlule imikhawulo yezingxenye

Izinga lokushisa kufanele lihlale ngaphakathi kokubekezelela okuncane

Ukusebenza kahle kwesikhala kubaluleke ngaphezu kokulula

Ubude besikhathi sokuphila nokusebenza kwengxenye kuqinisekisa ukutshalwa kwezimali

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zebhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate engaphezu komthamo ongu-100Ah nanoma yisiphi{1}}isimo sokushaja esisheshayo, ukupholisa okusebenzayo kuba yimpoqo kunokuba kube okokuzithandela.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Imuphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokupholisa okusebenzayo nokungenzi lutho?

Ukupholisa okusebenzayo kusebenzisa amadivayisi anamandla afana namafeni noma amaphampu ukuhambisa ukushisa, kuyilapho ukupholisa okwenziwayo kuncike ekunqanyulweni kokushisa kwemvelo ngokusebenzisa i-conduction, i-convection, nemisebe. Amasistimu asebenzayo angagcina amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe-ambient futhi aphathe imithwalo yokushisa ephezulu kakhulu, kodwa adinga amandla nokunakekelwa.

Ukupholisa okusebenzayo kusebenzisa amandla angakanani?

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyehluka ngokuya ngesicelo. Amasistimu asekelwe kubalandeli{1}ngokuvamile asebenzisa u-5-10W nge-100W ngayinye yokushisa okukhishiwe. Amaphampu okupholisa uketshezi asebenzisa i-8-12W ku-100W ngayinye ekhishiwe. Amasistimu wesiqandisi adla u-20-40W nge-100W ngayinye esusiwe kuye ngokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa nokusebenza kahle.

Ingabe ukupholisa okusebenzayo kunganweba impilo yebhethri?

Yebo, ngokuphawulekayo. Ukugcina amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate ebangeni lawo elifanele lama-degree angama-20-35 kungaba kabili noma kathathu impilo yomjikelezo uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. Ucwaningo lubonisa amabhethri anokulawula okushisayo okusebenzayo okuhlala emijikelezweni engu-3,000+ ngokubhekana nemijikelezo engu-1,000-1,500 ngaphandle kokupholisa.

Ingabe ukupholisa uketshezi kungcono kunokupholisa umoya?

Ukupholisa okuwuketshezi kusingatha ukushisa okuphezulu okungu-5-10x kunokupholisa komoya futhi kugcina izinga lokushisa elingcono elifanayo, kodwa kubiza 3-5x ngaphezulu futhi kwengeza ubunkimbinkimbi. Ngemithwalo yokushisa engaphansi kuka-200W, ukupholisa umoya kwanele. Ngaphezu kuka-500W, ukupholisa uketshezi kuba kudingekile ukuze kusetshenziswe okungokoqobo.

Ukupholisa okusebenzayo kuguqula ukuphathwa kokushisa kusuka entweni ekhawulayo kube ubuchwepheshe obuvumelayo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla amancane okushayela izindlela zokudlulisa ukushisa, lawa masistimu avumela izingxenye ukuthi zisebenze kumazinga aphezulu okusebenza, ezindaweni eziyinselele, kanye nokuphila okunwetshiwe. Njengoba ukuminyana kokushisa kuqhubeka nokwanda kuwo wonke ama-electronics, amabhethri, nezinto zokusebenza zekhompuyutha, ukupholisa okusebenzayo kusuka ekuthuthukisweni kokuzithandela kuye esidingweni esibalulekile-ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zebhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate lapho ukulawula izinga lokushisa kunquma ngokuqondile ukuphepha, ukusebenza, nokusebenza kwezomnotho.